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Abstract–In the regression analysis, ordinary least square techniques is commonly used. However, the data's outcomes may be untrustworthy if there is an outliers in it. In order to deal with the outliers problem, robust quantile regression methods have been frequently presented as alternatives to OLS for a long time. In this article, primarily a exponential ratio-type estimators is suggested. After that, robust quantile regression estimators are proposed, that is a useful strategy. The application of robust quantile regression empowered the efficiency of the estimators especially for outliers in the data. The MSE equations of the various estimators are computed and compared to OLS approaches. Numerical illustration and simulations studies are performed to support our theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces some efficient generalized class of factor-type exponential imputation techniques and their corresponding estimators using auxiliary information. Generalized ratio, product, and dual to ratio type exponential estimators are the special cases of our suggested imputation techniques. Biases and mean squared error expressions are derived up to the first order of large sample approximations. The proposed imputation techniques can be viewed as efficient extensions of the work of Singh and Horn [Compromised imputation in survey sampling. Metrika. 2000;51(3):267–276. doi: 10.1007/s001840000054], Singh and Deo [Imputation by power transformation. Statist Papers. 2003;44(4):555–579. doi: 10.1007/BF02926010], Toutenburg and Srivastava [Amputation versus imputation of missing values through ratio method in sample surveys. Statist Papers. 2008;49(2):237–247. doi: 10.1007/s00362-006-0009-4], Kadilar and Cingi [Estimators for the population mean in the case of missing data. Commun Stat Theory Methods. 2008;37(14):2226–2236. doi: 10.1080/03610920701855020], Singh [A new method of imputation in survey sampling. Statistics. 2009;43(5):499–511. doi: 10.1080/02331880802605114], Gira [Estimation of population mean with a new imputation methods. Appl Math Sci. 2015;9(34):1663–1672] and Singh et al. [An improved alternative method of imputation for missing data in survey sampling. J Stat Appl Probab. 2022;11(2):535–543. doi: 10.18576/jsap]. Our proposed estimators are compared with these estimators, including the mean, ratio, and regression imputation techniques. Thereafter, a numerical illustration and simulation study are conducted for a comparative study using real and simulated data sets, and the demonstration shows that our suggested estimators are the most efficient estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article discusses ratio type exponential estimators for estimating the mean of a finite population in sample surveys. The estimators uses robust regression’s Huber M-estimation function, and their bias as well as mean squared error expressions are derived. It was campared with Kadilar, Candan, and Cingi (Hacet J Math Stat, 36, 181–188, 2007) estimators. The circumstances under which the suggested estimators perform better than competing estimators are discussed. Five different population datasets with a well recognized outlier have been widely used in numerical and simulation-based research. These thorough studies seek to provide strong proof to back up our claims by carefully assessing and validating the theoretical results reported in our study. The estimators that have been proposed are intended to significantly improve both the efficiency and accuracy of estimating the mean of a finite population. As a result, the results that are obtained from statistical analyses will be more reliable and precise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current digital era, the humongous amount of data being generated has been impacting public lives in one or the other ways. Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, is related to contextual mining of texts which helps in identification and extraction of subjective information from the source material. Sentiment analysis is being used for brand monitoring and reputation management across different market segments. It helps to understand how the public perceive a particular brand, product or service that is highly useful for different tech companies, marketing agencies, media organizations, fashion brands etc. In today's scenario we have been suffering with data overload which makes it impossible to analyze public sentiments without any sort of error or bias. Sentiment analysis provides better insights into the public reviews as it can be automated which ultimately helps in decision making. There are various deep learning and machine learning methods and models as well as natural language processing tools which help in examining and analyzing public opinions with low time complexity. However, deep learning methods have become highly popular in recent times as these models provide high efficiency and accuracy. In this review paper we have provided a complete overview of the common deep learning frameworks being employed for sentiment classification and analysis. This paper discusses various learning models, evaluation, text representations and other metrics in deep learning architectures. The key findings of different authors have been discussed in detail. This paper will help other researchers in understanding the deep learning techniques being used for sentiment analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point estimates in survey sampling only provide a single value for the parameter being studied and are consequently vulnerable to changes caused by sampling error. In order to cope with ambiguity, indeterminacy, and uncertainty in data, Florentin Smarandache's neutrosophic technique, which generates interval estimates with high probability, offers a helpful solution. To estimate the neutrosophic population mean of the studied variable, this research provides new neutrosophic factor type exponential estimators using well-known neutrosophic auxiliary parameters. For the first-degree of approximation, the study derives the bias and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the proposed estimators. Characterising constants have neutrosophic optimal values, and for these optimum values, the least value of the neutrosophic MSE is obtained. Notably, the proposed neutrosophic estimators outperform the corresponding adapted classical estimators since their estimated interval falls under the minimal MSE and lies within the estimated interval of the proposed neutrosophic estimators. The theoretical results are supported by empirical data from real data sets acquired by the "Ministry of Earth Sciences" and the "India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune, India," as well as simulated data sets produced via Neutrosophic Normal Distribution. The estimator with the lowest MSE is suggested for practical applications across many domains, providing greater accuracy and reliability in parameter estimation when utilising the neutrosophic methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the use of a new and highly efficient population-based algorithm, known as Heat Transfer Search (HTS), for optimisation of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. In this research paper, the HTS algorithm is employed to minimise the overall bearing volume, considering turns per pole pair, the maximum required current, pole width, and coil length as the design variables. Constraints are imposed on the maximum flux density, current density, winding space, and maximum magneto-motive force. It is found that, for the operating conditions considered herein, the Heat Transfer Search algorithm yields around 23% lower bearing volume as compared to that obtained using more popular optimisation techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Pattern Search (PS). Finally, a comparative study on the impact of magnetic core material presented herein reveals that Supermendur yields the best results. This is the first attempt to integrate the impact of magnetic core material on the optimisation of the AMB system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infantile strawberry hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors, often requiring treatment for medical or cosmetic reasons. In this prospective study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 2% topical propranolol cream as a novel treatment modality for proliferating infantile strawberry hemangiomas. Methods: A total of 30 patients, aged 1 to 12 months, with proliferating infantile hemangiomas were enrolled. Treatment involved 2% topical propranolol cream application, and patients were assessed over 12 weeks for hemangioma size reduction, color improvement, adverse events, and hemangioma resolution. Results: The 2% topical propranolol cream demonstrated significant efficacy, with a mean hemangioma size reduction of 47.6% (p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. All patients exhibited color improvement, and 10 patients (33.3%) achieved complete hemangioma resolution. Adverse events were mild and reported in 20% of cases, with no severe adverse events observed. Conclusions: This study supports the use of 2% topical propranolol cream as an effective and safe treatment option for proliferating infantile strawberry hemangiomas. The treatment offers notable hemangioma size reduction, color improvement, and potential for complete resolution, with a favorable safety profile. Larger, multicenter trials and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and to explore combination therapies. This topical approach introduces a valuable addition to the evolving landscape of infantile hemangioma management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-terminal acetylation of proteins is an important post-translational modification (PTM) found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In bacteria, N-terminal acetylation is suggested to play various regulatory roles related to protein stability, gene expression, stress response, and virulence; however, the mechanism of such response remains unclear. The proteins, namely RimI/RimJ, are involved in N-terminal acetylation in mycobacteria. In this study, we used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to silence rimI/rimJ in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 to investigate the physiological effects of N-terminal acetylation in cell survival and stress response. Repeat analysis of growth curves in rich media and biofilm analysis in minimal media of various mutant strains and wild-type bacteria did not show significant differences that could be attributed to the rimI/rimJ silencing. However, total proteome and acetylome profiles varied significantly across mutants and wild-type strains, highlighting the role of RimI/RimJ in modulating levels of proprotein acetylation in the cellular milieu. Further, we observed a significant increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (from 64 to 1024 µg ml−1) for the drug isoniazid in rimI mutant strains. The increase in MIC value for the drug isoniazid in the mutant strains suggests the link between N-terminal acetylation and antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the utility of CRISPRi as a convenient tool to study the role of PTMs, such as acetylation in mycobacteria. It also identifies rimI/rimJ genes as necessary for managing cellular response against antibiotic stress. Further research would be required to decipher the potential of targeting acetylation to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common viral infections in childhood. The infection may affect the upper urinary tract (called pyelonephritis) or the lower urinary tract (called cystitis). Unfortunately, it can be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish pyelonephritis and cystitis based on clinical signs and symptoms, especially in infants and young children. Methodology: The present study was carried out at our Department. Sample size was estimated with the help of expert. With the help of 'predesigned, pretested questionnaire patients were evaluated by history, clinical examination and investigations. Results: Our data suggests that fever was a consistent finding with axillary temperature of more than 100° F in 65 cases and was a nonspecific manifestation. Pain abdomen was observed in 21 children and vomiting in 8 children. Older children presented with specific related to the urinary tract (burning micturation, polyuria and high coloured urine) making the diagnosis more easy. High index of clinical suspicion was necessary in infancy when symptoms were nonspecific . In infancy. symptoms are nonspecific and may allow prolonged infection to occur prior to diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: The management of UTI in children can be challenging because the symptoms may be vague and vague in young children. A high level of suspicion is important. The UTI should be considered in any child under 2 years of age with a fever. On the other hand, an overdose can lead to unnecessary and potentially invasive tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The ejector refrigeration cycle has gained special interest due to its simplicity and hence can be a good choice as a subcooling device for the transcritical CO2 refrigeration system for performance improvement, which is an emerging research field. Hence, the aim of this study is the proposal and comparison of various ejector refrigeration‐based dedicated subcooling methods in the CO2 refrigeration system. Six different cycle configurations (one is existing and five are novel) using the ejector refrigeration cycle for subcooling the CO2 after the gas cooler are examined. All cycles are analyzed energetically, exegetically, economically, and environmentally by developed model and compared with the reference CO2 refrigeration system (without subcooling). Effects of gas cooler pressure, generator temperature, evaporator temperature, ambient temperature, and degree of subcooling are discussed. Gas cooler pressure is optimized for maximum COP. Cycle 4 (with internal heat exchanger and gas cooler waste heat‐driven generator only) yields maximum COP and exergy efficiency among all subcooling cycles at optimum operating conditions. However, the environmental pollution for cycles without an internal heat exchanger is less. In terms of cost per cooling capacity, Cycle 4 is best but having operational restriction (better for sufficiently higher temperature lift). Cycle 1 and Cycle 2 may be the better choice if heat is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tracheostomy is one of a safe procedure, improving prognosis of paediatric patients. However we found very limited research work on this speciality area. Hence this research work was conducted mainly to highlight the outcome of the tracheostomy at a tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: Present retrospective study was conducted at our department for one year duration. Sample size was estimated with the help of statistician. In our study, a total of 20 tracheostomies were performed during said period. We collected data from patient records, clinical examination and interview. We also included patient follow up data. All the tracheostomies were performed by otolaryngologists in the presence of an anesthetist and a pediatric intensivist either in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or in the operation theatre. Results: In our study, out of 20 patients undergo tracheostomy, of them 60 % were with indication prolonged mechanical ventilation secondary to neuromuscular problems, 15 % with Upper airway obstruction, 10 % with neurological cause and neuromuscular cause while 5 % were with other indications. 70 % patients were with average duration of tracheostomy in range 5 to 15 days duration with mean duration 13.5 days. Maximum patients (35%) were with Pneumothorax complication followed by 25% were with bleeding and 10 % with tissue granulation on long term follow up. Conclusion: From present study, we conclude that, nowadays the indication for tracheostomy has changed from emergency towards more of the elective one. The most common indication for tracheostomy in present study was prolonged mechanical ventilation. The present study also highlighted safety factor of tracheostomy procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an important parameter in the management of bronchial asthma. Measurement of PEFR in bronchial astlnna is similar to measurement of blood pressure in managing hypertension and measurement of blood glucose in managing diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: The present smdy was conducted on children between the age group of 6-12 years of age. A total of 200 children were subjected to peak expiratory flow rate estimation.. Cases were selected from patients attending Out Patient Department {OPD] of Paediatrics . Patna Medical College &Hospital .Patna .This shall include patients with as well as without symptoms of asthma. Results : The mean peak expiratory flow rate in boys (240.74 L/min.) was higher than girls (219.24 L/min.) It may be due to lower physical activity. Kashyap et al. 42(1990) observed similar fact and attributed to lesser physical activity in girls. Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate provide a simple, quantitative and reproducible measures of resistance and severity' of airflow obstruction. Peak expiratory flow can be measure with inexpensive and portable peak expiratory flow meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]