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This study presents nanostructured composite Bi2MoO6/MXene heterostructure by using hydrothermal method for photodegradation of the congo-red dye and also for energy storage devices. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were performed to examine the structural properties along with surface area and porosity of the material. Due to addition of MXene the larger surface area and improved pore size help to quickly break down additional organic pollutants by adsorbing them. The band gap of Bi2MoO6/MXene nanostructured composite reduced to 2.4 eV suggesting transfer of electrons from VB to CB. Bi2MoO6/MXene exhibits a high (92.3%) photocatalytic degradation rate for a duration of 16 min which was verified using UV-visible spectroscopy, also scavenger test was conducted to ascertain the reactive agent along with the degradation pathway was confirmed by LCMS. Elemental content was also established by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For estimating energy storage capacity cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed. It was observed Bi2MoO6/MXene nanostructured composite electrodes had specific capacitance of 642.91Fg− 1, power density of 1.24 kWkg− 1, and energy density of 22.32 Whkg− 1 at a current density of 5Ag− 1 also it exhibited 64.42% capacity retention having current density 20 Ag− 1 throughout 10,000 Galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) cycles. High electrical conductivity of Bi2MoO6/MXene electrode was again examined by Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These findings demonstrate the potential of Bi2MoO6/MXene nanostructured composites in both photodegradation and energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple and cost‐effective method is presented for developing a metal oxide‐based humidity sensor. CrFeO3 is synthesized without any precipitating agent and chosen as a model material to study the validity of humidity sensing properties. The surface morphology and structural analysis are provided using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Elemental analysis is provided with the help of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Obtained results demonstrate the tunable response of order 860 and stability in a large range of humidity. Also, by controlling the porosity and film uniformity, a fast response time of 1.6 s and a recovery time of 2.6 s are achieved with very low hysteresis. Also, cole–cole plot and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra in the presence and absence of humidity provide detailed analysis of surface interaction with H2O molecules. In addition to this, the developed sensor demonstrates excellent response and reproducibility toward real‐time human respiration monitoring along with non‐contact sensing. This work enables the study of developed sensors in real‐time humidity monitoring for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferric oxide (α-Fe2O3) based nanoparticles show a vast number of applications along with resistive switching. In the recent study, we synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Cr3+ doped α-Fe2O3 to see the variation in the resistive switching property with chromium doping. XRD and FESEM characterizations have been carried out to confirm the structural and morphological properties of both α-Fe2O3 and CrFeO3 nanoparticles. Optical study has been done by using UV-visible spectroscopy and a decrease in band gap was observed with the chromium doping. I-V characteristics have been studied at room temperature for the synthesized material. The resistive switching effect for synthesized material is confirmed by applying negative and positive bias voltage for which current shows different values. CrFeO3 shows a larger loop of hysteresis as compared to α-Fe2O3 confirming a better material for ReRAM application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles of lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 doped with BaTiO3 (BNT-BT) have been fabricated by the auto-combustion sol-gel method. A structural and morphological analysis of the developed material has been performed by using XRD and FESEM. Also, a temperature and frequency (100Hz-1MHz) dependent dielectric study of BNT-BT nanoparticles has been conducted, resulting in a variation that occurs at 120.83 °C due to transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase, followed by a sudden increase due to paraelectric phase formation. Additionally, as frequency increased, the dielectric constant decreased exhibiting Maxwell-Wagner polarization. The ferroelectric study has been done by using PE loop at room temperature (28 °C). The maximum value obtained for remanent polarization and saturation polarization is 1.73 µC/cm² and 3.75 µC/cm² respectively at an applied electric field of 28 kV/cm. The value for the recoverable energy storage density (W1) is 0.0483 J/cm³, energy loss density(W2) is 0.05378 J/cm³ and and its efficiency (η) is 47% at an applied field 28 kV/cm. The obtained results for the BNT-BT nanoparticles are remarkable for energy storage devices, and they further indicate their potential for energy harvesting and high piezoelectric sensors for industrial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) that are derived from biocompatible carriers are attractive platforms for sustained release of drugs. In particular, sustained and controlled release of poorly soluble BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class IV drugs is important and this requires the development of new DDSs. In this work, we exploit two porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-53(Fe) as carriers/DDSs for the release of two BCS class IV drugs hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and dapsone (DAP). The chosen MOFs are known to possess good physicochemical stability and we realized high drug loading capacity that is attributed to the high porosity of the MOFs. The drug-encapsulated MOFs were characterized thoroughly and our results show ∼23.1% loading of HCT in MIL-100(Fe) and ∼27.6% loading of DAP in MIL-Fe(53), respectively. The release study of these drugs was carried out under simulated physiological conditions that shows sustained release of the drug molecules from the MOFs up to 72 h. Cell viability studies through MTT assays show insignificant cytotoxicity signalling biocompatibility of the proposed DDSs. Our investigations suggest MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-53(Fe) are potential DDSs for enhancing the performance of poorly soluble drugs HCT and DAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a room-temperature (RT) NO 2 gas sensor based on cotton-modified LaFeO 3 (CLFO) combined with MXene. LaFeO 3 (LFO), CLFO, and CLFO/MXene composites were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The fabricated sensor, utilizing MXene/CLFO, exhibits a p-type behavior and fully recoverable sensing capabilities for low concentrations of NO 2 , achieving a higher response of 14.2 times at 5 ppm. The sensor demonstrates excellent performance with a response time of 2.7 s and a recovery time of 6.2 s, along with notable stability. The sensor's sensitivity is attributed to gas interactions on the material's surface, adsorption energy, and charge-transfer mechanisms. Techniques such as in situ FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy), and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to verify gas interactions and their byproducts. Additionally, finite-difference time-domain simulations were used to model the electromagnetic field distribution and provide insight into the interaction between NO 2 molecules and the sensor surface at the nanoscale. A prototype wireless IoT (Internet of Things)-based NO 2 gas leakage detection system was also developed, showcasing the sensor's practical application. This study offers valuable insight into the development of room-temperature NO 2 sensors with a low detection limit.

Conjugated porous organic polymers have sparked growing research attention as photocatalysts owing to their high surface area, tunable pores, and capacity to collect and transfer light energy via their delocalized backbone. However, the synthesis methods for preparing these polymers require difficult experimental setups, such as high polymerization temperature, inert atmosphere, and use of transition metal catalysts. In the present work, a triphenylamine-based conjugated porous polymer (TPA-BPA) has been synthesized employing tris(4-aminophenyl)amine (TPA) and biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (BPA) as precursors via a one-pot Schiff base reaction in ambient conditions in the absence of the metal catalyst. The synthesized TPA-BPA polymer has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13 C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, powder X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The DRS analysis revealed that TPA-BPA has an optical band gap of 2.1 eV, demonstrating its semiconductive nature. The EPR study has shown that the synthesized polymer exhibits an intense radical signal at g = 2.00, confirming free radical generation upon photoexcitation and facilitating the breakdown of organic contaminants by photocatalysis. TPA-BPA possesses an exceptional porous structure with a surface area of 36 m 2 /g, as confirmed by BET studies, and high thermal stability up to 420 °C. It has been confirmed by photocatalytic studies that TPA-BPA shows effective degradation of methyl orange (92%), Congo red (91.5%), tobramycin (96%), and hydroquinone (85%) under visible light irradiation in 60 min. Owing to these observations, TPA-BPA can be an excellent candidate as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation. These findings pave the way for large-scale manufacturing of metal-free conjugated porous polymers as photocatalysts with variable photoelectrical characteristics.