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Background & Methods: The aim of the study is to study the S. Uric acid levels and lipid profile in DM subjects along with glycated albumin. This Observational study was performed in the outdoor patient department (OPD) among 200 subjects diagnosed with T2DM. For the enrollment of subjects, non-probability convenient sampling and a developed inclusion and exclusion criteria was implemented. Subjects with age from 40 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and who had no known diseases such as kidney disease, liver disease, or joint disease, were enrolled in the study. Results: With the Increase in Lipid level, Sugar level also goes up and the correlation between the Lipid level & Sugar level was positive and statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated no gender difference in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus between male and female diabetic subjects. The present finding validated the other research findings that prevalence of type 2 DM increases with the progression of age in both the genders. The results of the present study suggested that, the diabetic subjects possess significant high level of uric acid. In case of Pearson correlation among diabetic subjects serum blood glucose level & Lipid level & cumulative research findings are in accordance with present findings which suggested that persistent high blood glucose levels leads to the formation of advanced glycated-end-products culminating to diabetic macro and micro-vascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has been shown to have a significant role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis development and plaque destabilization. The present study was done to investigate the association of sCD40L with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: The study group comprised of 75 patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome. Blood sample was collected witnin 24 hours of admission prior to any intervention or angioplasty. Patients were divided into three groups of angiographic vessel score (AVS) according to coronary artery blockage - AVS1, AVS2, AVS3. Serum levels of sCD40L and CRP were measured using an ELISA and Troponin T was estimated by electro chemiluminiscence. Severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated using angiograpic vessel score (AVS). Results: Out of 75 study patients, 65 (87.5%) were males with mean age of 51.7 years. There was significant association between sCD40L levels and Angiographic vessel score (p=0.001) with sCD40L levels increasing with its severity [AVS-1, AVS-2 and AVS-3; 0.65 ng/dl (2.5), 0.20 ng/dl(2.66), 3.7 ng/dl(5.99)]. On the other hand, the median hs-CRP levels had no significant relationship with Angiographic vessel score (AVS-1, AVS-2 and AVS-3; 7.42 (5.3), 5.92 (5.9) and 7.19 (6.25) respectively) Conclusion: Serum sCD40L levels were found to be significantly associated with angiographic severity in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome compared to hs-CRP levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red-green chromatic sensitivity and photopic (cone-mediated) flicker sensitivity showed marked improvement after anti-VEGF treatment. The use of flicker and chromatic sensitivities as potential functional tests to monitor treatment outcomes in age-related macular degeneration highlights the clinical importance. High-contrast visual acuity (VA) is not a sensitive clinical marker in the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, flicker and chromatic sensitivity changes were assessed following anti-VEGF treatment in subjects with neovascular AMD. Subjects diagnosed with neovascular AMD were recruited. VA was measured using a COMPlog chart. Flicker (in central 5°) and chromatic thresholds (red-green and yellow-blue) were measured using Flicker-plus test and Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) tests, respectively. Baseline thresholds and foveal thickness were measured on the same day, just before anti-VEGF injection delivery and 5 weeks ± 5 days later. Thirteen subjects (8 males, 5 females) with a mean age of 67.5 ± 8.2 years completed the study. Median VA was not significantly different post-treatment (0.57 logMAR [~6/22: Snellen equivalent], IQR: 0.33) compared to baseline (0.56 logMAR, IQR: 0.33), Wilcoxon matched-pair test, p = 0.55). Median Red-Green thresholds improved significantly post-treatment (22.15 CAD units, IQR: 26.06, n = 9), compared to baseline (24.24 CAD units, IQR: 26.21, p = 0.02). Median photopic and mesopic FMT did not show significant change post treatment compared to baseline (p > 0.01, statistical significance of p-value corrected for multiple comparisons was set to 0.01). Similarly, the foveal thickness was not significantly different at post-treatment visit than baseline (p = 0.53). Red/green sensitivity recovered better than yellow/blue sensitivity, thus, providing insight into recovery mechanisms in AMD and usefulness of these tests as clinical markers in the management of AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid disorders are a important and common systemic disease associated with melasma. Thyroid imbalances have a probable effect on the onset of melasma. Melasma, also called 'chloasma', is a common skin condition of adults. Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder described as symmetrical blotchy or splotchy hyperpigmented macules and patches. It is a case-control study100 cases (75 females and 25 males) that were diagnosed with melasma are included to investigate thyroid profile, Anti TPO, with Iron, Uric acid levels are compared to control 100 subjects. Serum TSH levels were found to be higher in cases of melasma (5.1±2.53) as compared to the control population (2.59±2.66). Serum anti TPO level was higher in (11±3.01) the patients and (5.9±1.46) in the controls. Serum Iron levels in cases and controls showed lower in subject of melasma (85±31.2) as compared to the control population (114.5±25.9), they all significant (p<0.001). Mean level serum T3 (1.35±0.621) and FT3 (2.71±0.57) were normal in the case than compared the control T3 (1.48±0.76), FT3 (2.82±0.54) group, respectively. Serum T4 (6.7±1.92) were higher in the case group than the control group (6.54±1.80), but all they statistical not significant. Uric acid (3.57±0.79) and FT4 (1.32±0.52) were higher in the case group than the control group (3.4±0.75), (1.22±0.48) respectively, but the difference was not statistical significant. In conclusion, thyroid profile was lower in the cases than compared to the controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Mean serum anti-TPO, FT4, and TSH, and uric acid were higher in the case group then in the control group. A possible relationship might be observed between thyroid biomarker, serum iron levels within melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]