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Anemia is a common consequence of cancerous disease. In lung cancer its prevalence is 37.6%, and its incidence after chemotherapy treatment is 80%. It is a prognostic factor for survival and may affect the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of anemia in patients with lung cancer. Methods: retrospective study including all patients treated for lung cancer who had at least one anemic episode during 3 years. Results: The analysis included 264 lung cancer patients with hemoglobin less than 80% of normal, anemia was found in 33.7% of patients before any treatment, and in 66.3% of those treated with chemotherapy. The median age was 62 years ( Conclusion: Both the prevalence and incidence of anemia in lung cancer should be taken into consideration because of the strong correlation between anemia and quality of life and the prognosis of patients with.