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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are common mycotoxins in cereal foods and milk products, and may cause serious negative impacts on human health. The intestine is crucial for immune regulation as it protects host homeostatic health from external contaminants; however, the underlying mechanisms of AFM1 and OTA mediated intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, whole transcriptome analysis was used to characterize BALB/c mouse intestines exposed to individual and combined AFM1 and OTA [3.0 mg/kg body weight (BW)] for 28 days to screen for key intestinal immunotoxicity-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs), and associated enriched signaling pathways. Functional validation was then conducted in intestinal differentiated Caco-2 cells using different inhibitor assays to verify the accuracy of transcriptome and the importance of the key screened regulatory factors. In vivo data revealed that AFM1 and OTA exposure disrupted the intestines and exerted intestinal immunosuppression effects. When compared with AFM1, OTA had stronger intestinal toxicity in combined treatments. Further analyses of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks in mice showed that AFM1 and OTA mediated-intestinal immunosuppression was putatively explained as follows: (i) toxins affected DEmRNAs regarding transfer and transduction mechanisms between cells (Csf1, Csf1r, Cxcl10, Cx3cr1, and Irf1), which were regulated by key DEmiRNAs (miR-106-x, miR-107-y, and miR-124-y) and the DElncRNA Rian, and (ii) toxins inhibited transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)/I-kappaB kinase (IKK)/inhibitor of kappa Bα (IκBα)/p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling phosphorylation levels, which was validated in differentiated Caco-2 cells using the TAK1 inhibitor (5Z-7-oxozeaenol). In conclusion, we evaluated the risk of co-exposure to AFM1 and OTA and associated health hazards from a whole transcriptome perspective.

Multifunctional cotton fabrics have attracted significant attention as next-generation wearable materials. Herein, we report a facile method for the fabrication of flexible and wearable cotton fabrics with ultra-high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, antibacterial, and superhydrophobic properties. Cotton fabrics were first coated chemically with silver nanoparticles using polydopamine as adhesive and then with hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane or polyimide. The introduction of polydopamine significantly increased the bond between silver nanoparticles and cotton fibers, thereby preventing silver nanoparticles from falling off the surface. The composite fabrics exhibited a high conductivity of ~1000 S/cm, and their EMI shielding effectiveness increased up to ~110 dB. The composite fabrics exhibited excellent self-cleaning performance and acid-alkali corrosion resistance because of their superhydrophobicity. Notably, the fabric composites showed a significant antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

High temperature nitrogen, injection into coal seams is supposed to improve the per?meability and thus maintain the safety of underground mining. A novel triaxial appa?ratus is recently developed, aiming at providing the effective method to evaluate the effect of high temperature nitrogen injection. The main feature of this novel appara?tus is its high confining pressure, gas injection with high pressure as well as the high temperature. This new device can be either used for natural coal samples (e.g. intact or fractured) or the synthetic coal samples. A series of leakage tests were conducted to verify the feasibility of this instrument, the results of which have confirmed that the maximum pressure (i.e. 10 MPa) can be reached. In addition, the high temperature and pressure of nitrogen gas can also be sustain at the requested level. Based on the preliminary tests on the instrument, a large amount of tests were carried out to eval?uate the effect of nitrogen injection in enhancing the permeability of coking coal from the Pingdingshan coalfield, China, and the influence of high temperature nitrogen injection on mechanical parameters of coal was obtained.

To investigate the effect of Rheb1 in the development of mouse megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and its related mechanism.Rheb1 was specifically knocked-out in the hematopoietic system of Vav1-Cre;Rheb1After Rheb1 was knocked out, the development and stress response ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in mice were weaken and the differentiation ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro was weaken. Moreover, the expression of GATA-1 of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells was decreased. Further, rapamycin could inhibit the differentiative capacity of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro.Rheb1 can regulate the development of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells probably through the mTOR signaling pathway in mice.Rheb1在小鼠巨核-红系多能性干细胞发育中的作用.研究Rheb1基因在小鼠巨核-红系多能性干细胞发育成熟中的作用及相关的机制.利用Vav-Cre在造血系统中特异性敲除小鼠Rheb1（Vav1-Cre;Rheb1Rheb1敲除后，小鼠骨髓中红系细胞发育受抑且应激能力减弱，小鼠骨髓中巨核-红系多能性干细胞体外克隆形成能力减弱，GATA-1的表达水平降低；雷帕霉素可以抑制野生型小鼠骨髓中巨核-红系多能性干细胞体外克隆的形成.Rheb1基因在小鼠巨核-红系多能性干细胞发育中具有重要的调控作用，Rheb1可能通过mTOR信号通路调控小鼠巨核-红系多能性干细胞发育.

Facing the inherent defects of magnetic materials, the research of non-magnetic absorbers has gradually become a new direction in the research of microwave absorbers to fit the requirements of a new generation for high strength, wide effective absorption bandwidth. Herein, the liquid metal and copper (LC) composite micro-particles with multiple heterojunctions and core–shell structure, which have an excellent performance of microwave absorption (MA), were prepared by simply coating liquid metal on copper and then annealing. These special LC composite micro-particles exhibit excellent MA performance with the optimal reflection loss of −39.6 dB at thickness of 2.1 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4.96 GHz at thickness of 2.5 mm. The high MA performance of the LC composite particles are due to the enhancement of dielectric loss, including dipolar, interfacial, and dielectric polarization, which is caused by the special core-shell structure, multiple interfaces and heterojunctions. Furthermore, the multiple reflection/scattering of microwaves among particles or on the surface of particles also benefit to the high MA performance. Therefore, this study provides a facile method to construct multiple metal heterojunctions which have great prospects in microwave absorption applications.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent low mood. A number of studies have suggested that the use of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) agonists can reduce depressive behavior, but its effect on the depressive behavior and nerve damage of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) has not been reported. METHODS: Rats were exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks to induce depressive behavior. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 6–8 weeks were randomly divided into six groups: control group (control), depression group (CUMS), depression + fluoxetine group (Flu), depression + WIN55212-2 group (WIN), depression + NF-κB inhibitor group (PDTC), and depression + WIN + PDTC group (WIN + PDTC). We performed four behavioral experiments test to evaluate the depressive behaviors of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining were performed to observe the neuron structures of the hippocampus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Biochemical experiments were performed to evaluate the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the hippocampus, and western blot was performed to detect protein expression levels related to the NF-κB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, CUMS significantly induced abnormal behaviors in stressed rats. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress injury factors in the hippocampus of the CUMS group increased significantly. The interventions of Flu, WIN, and PDTC significantly reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress injury. Compared with the WIN group, the WIN + PDTC intervention group had better results. In addition, WIN could significantly inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that cannabinoid receptor agonists can reduce the CUMS-induced depressive behaviors of rats by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress injury.

Depression is a psychiatric disorder that presents with a persistent depressed mood as the main clinical feature and is accompanied by cognitive impairment. Changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis greatly affect depression. Without genetic changes, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to function by regulating gene expression during the body’s adaptation to stress. Studies in recent years have shown that as important regulatory factors in epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of depression through the regulation of protein expression. Herein, we review the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated neuroplasticity in depression and discus synaptic structural plasticity, synaptic functional plasticity, and neurogenesis. Furthermore, we found that miRNAs regulate neuroplasticity through several signalling pathways to affect cognitive functions. However, these pathways do not work independently. Therefore, we try to identify synergistic correlations between miRNAs and multiple signalling pathways to broaden the potential pathogenesis of depression. In addition, in the future, dual-function miRNAs (protection/injury) are promising candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression, and their regulated genes can potentially be used as target genes for the treatment of depression.

Absorption-dominant electromagnetic shielding materials can effectively reduce secondary pollution in the shielding process, and have greater significance in practical applications. Herein, silver (Ag) micro-tubes with superstructure, which were fabricated via using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers as templates, were used to achieve the composites with ultrahigh, lightweight, and absorption-dominant electromagnetic shielding performance. The Ag nanoparticles were firstly deposited on the surface of PLA fibers by chemical reduction. The Ag micro-tubes were obtained by etching the PLA fibers in the core. The Ag nanoparticles were stuck together to form the Ag micro-tubes by polymer chains. The ultrahigh electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼110 dB was found in the Ag micro-tubes composed with polydimethylsiloxane or PLA with 1.5 mm in thickness. Due to the micro-tube structure, the composites containing with Ag micro-tubes exhibited absorption dominant shielding mechanism and low density. The absorption coefficient (A) value could reach 0.79 in the composites with Ag micro-tubes. The ultrahigh EMI SE performance and absorption dominant shielding mechanism of the composites was ascribed to the superstructure of the Ag micro-tubes which could efficiently create surface plasmon resonance, electronic vibration, interfacial polarization, capacitance effect and conductive loss. The work provides a new idea for preparing ultrahigh electromagnetic shielding materials with high absorption and low density.

Tyrosine phosphorylation, as a hallmark in cellular signal transduction, is important for a diverse array of cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, motility, and survival. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation plays a causal role in many diseases, especially the cancer. Detecting protein phosphorylation status in the cancer cells or tissues is vital for assessing the pathological phase, discovering the cancer biomarkers, and identifying the drug targets. However, the common biochemical detection methods remain through anti-pTyr antibodies, which are known to have limited sensitivity, poor reproducibility and high cost. Recent studies have proved that superbinder SH2 domain is a good replacement of anti-pTyr antibodies for the specific enrichment of pTyr peptides in phosphoproteomics analysis. In this work, we exploited a series of affinity reagents based on superbinder SH2 derived from Src protein for detecting the pTyr-containing proteins to replace anti-pY antibodies in immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques. The excellent performance of HRP-sSH2 and EGFP-sSH2 was verified by the analysis of several different tumor cell samples and was compared with most commonly used commercial antibodies. EGFP-sSH2-(Arg)9 might be applied as the probe for direct fluorescence imaging in live cells via efficiently penetrating cell membranes and specifically binding with pTyr proteins. In summary, we have developed three novel, convenient, sensitive, and cost-effective affinity reagents that would have wide applications in protein tyrosine phosphorylation analysis for the tumor research and clinical diagnosis.

Background Melanoma is a malignant tumor with high misdiagnosis rate and poor prognosis. The bio-targeted therapy is a prevailing method in the treatment of melanoma; however, the accompanying drug resistance is inevitable. SH2 superbinder, a triple-mutant of the Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain, shows potent antitumor ability by replacing natural SH2-containing proteins and blocking multiple pY-based signaling pathways. Polyarginine (Arg)9, a powerful vector for intracellular delivery of large molecules, could transport therapeutic agents across cell membrane. The purpose of this study is to construct (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder and investigate its effects on melanoma cells, expecting to provide potential new approaches for anti-cancer therapy and overcoming the unavoidable drug resistance of single-targeted antitumor agents. Methods (Arg)9 and SH2 superbinder were fused to form (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder via genetic engineering. Pull down assay was performed to identify that (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder could capture a wide variety of pY proteins. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the efficiency of (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder entering cells. The proliferation ability was assessed by MTT and colony formation assay. In addition, wound healing and transwell assay were performed to evaluate migration of B16F10, A375 and A375/DDP cells. Moreover, apoptosis caused by (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder was analyzed by flow cytometry-based Annexin V/PI. Furthermore, western blot revealed that (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder influenced some pY-related signaling pathways. Finally, B16F10 xenograft model was established to confirm whether (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder could restrain the growth of tumor. Results Our data showed that (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder had the ability to enter melanoma cells effectively and displayed strong affinities for various pY proteins. Furthermore, (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder could repress proliferation, migration and induce apoptosis of melanoma cells by regulating PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Importantly, (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor in mice. Conclusions (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder exhibited high affinities for pY proteins, which showed effective anticancer ability by replacing SH2-containing proteins and blocking diverse pY-based pathways. The remarkable ability of (Arg)9-SH2 superbinder to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth might open the door to explore the SH2 superbinder as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0812-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Thymic involution happened early in life, but a certain ratio of activated CD4+ T cells will persistently recirculate into the thymus from the periphery and it have been suggested to be able to inhibit the development of embryonic thymocytes. Our present study was aimed to elucidate the specific mechanism how activated CD4+ T cells could influence upon developing thymocytes by using fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) and kidney capsule transplantation. Our results demonstrated that Th2 cells were found to play a fundamental role in the inhibition of embryonic thymocyte development since a very low concentration of Th2 cells could obviously reduce the total number of thymocytes. And this effect was not tenable in other Th cell type. Notably, IL-4, the major cytokine secreted by Th2 cells, was suggested the key factor playing the inhibition role. In addition to reduced cell population, the proportion of double positive (DP) T cells was also heavily decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it was the downstream effector signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) of IL-4 partially manipulate this inhibition. Together, these findings reveal a novel influence of Th2 cells re-entering the thymus on thymic involution.

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotube-filled polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS) composites with high-performance and tunable microwave shielding were prepared via the incorporation of liquid metals (LMs). First, the CNT particles were well dispersed in the PDMS pre-polymer through ultrasound assistance. Second, the LM and curing agents were added to the CNT/PDMS mixture with manual stirring to obtain a uniform CNT/LM/PDMS mixture. This was followed by curing to produce the final CNT/LM/PDMS composites. The high-performance microwave shielding ability of the composites was ascribed to a synergistic effect between the nanoscale CNTs and microscale LM particles. Specifically, a microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) of 42.6 dB was achieved by the composites which contained 2.5 vol.% LM and 3.0 vol.% CNT particles. Furthermore, the composites exhibited high absorption loss and low reflection loss, which could effectively reduce secondary microwave pollution. More importantly, the microwave shielding performance of the composites containing LMs could be regulated by compression owing to the formation of cracks and the coalescence of the LM particles.

Fabrication of high-performance and multiple-function conductive polymer composites with uniform distribution and high content of carbon-based nanofillers has been a formidable challenge. In this study, a new strategy was introduced to fabricate polyoxymethylene (POM)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and POM/graphene nanoplate (GNP) composites (PMCNT and PMGNP, respectively), with uniform distributions and high contents of MWCNT and GNP, by assisting of miscible poly( l -lactide) (PLLA). As expected, the composites exhibit robust electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, Joule heating, thermal conductivity, and anti-dripping performance. Specifically, the EMI shielding effectiveness of PMCNT40 (with 40 wt% MWCNT) and PMGNP48 (with 48 wt% GNP) reached 45.7 and 44.7 dB with 0.15 mm in thickness. The high electrical and through plane thermal conductivities were 3484 S/m and 1.95 Wm−1K−1, respectively, for PMCNT40, and the corresponding values for PMGNP48 were 2695 S/m and 4.24 Wm−1K−1, respectively. Furthermore, the fabricated composites achieved excellent Joule heating performance, resulting in increases in surface temperature increase to 101.4 °C and 107.6 °C rapidly at the driving voltages of 3.0 V (in case of PMCNT40) and 6.0 V (in case of PMGNP48), respectively. In addition, the composites exhibited excellent solvent resistance and anti-dripping performance, indicating high potential applicability in extreme environments.

The catalytic performance of Cs-substituted phosphomolybdic salts was studied for selective oxidation of isobutane. The results of activity tests revealed that 360 °C was the optimal reaction temperature. It was demonstrated that oxidizing sites not only took dominating part in the activation of isobutane, but also influenced the product distribution. Besides, appropriate Cs addition led to moderate acidity of catalysts, favoring the selectivity to desired products. Furthermore, to obtain partially reduced catalysts, different calcination atmospheres were investigated and certain proportion of Mo 5+ produced during calcination was crucial for the redox reaction. The catalyst calcined in N 2 showed the highest yield of MAA (7.0%). Fe-substitution enhanced the activity of catalysts by rapid reoxidation of Mo 5+ .

Pure silica zeolite with MEL structure (Si-ZSM-11) was firstly reported as an efficient Methanol-to-Propene (MTP) catalyst in methanol conversion, with higher propene yield (14.0 wt.%) and propene/ethene ratio (5.9) than H-ZSM-11 zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 26 (7.4 wt.% and 1.9, respectively). Hydrogen-bonded silanol groups in Si-ZSM-11 are weakly acidic and act as active sites in methanol conversion, predominantly promoting propene production and inhibiting side reactions.

The effect of sulfate species in propane dehydrogenation over Co/Al2O3 catalysts was studied. On the one hand, the interaction between SO42− and cobalt species leads to better dispersed cobalt oxide and restrains the reduction to metallic Co species, thereby inhibiting cracking reaction. On the other hand, the initial C–H bond activation and scission are facilitated on the electron-deficient cobalt and sulfate sites, resulting in dramatically improved dehydrogenation performance. XPS, MS and XRD results show that the reduction of sulfate species to SO2 and consequently the loss of active cobalt species contribute to the irreversible deactivation of catalyst.

Activated T cells have been shown to be able to recirculate into the thymus from the periphery. The present study was aimed to elucidate the functional consequences of thymic homing of activated T cells upon developing thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TEC). In the presence of activated T cells, especially CD4+ T cells, T cell development was found to be inhibited in thymic organ cultures with markedly reduced cellularity. Thymic transplantation demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was most likely due to a defective microenvironment. As the major component of the thymic stroma, the TEC compartment was severely disturbed after prolonged exposure to the activated T cells. In addition to reduced cell proliferation, TEC differentiation was heavily skewed to the mTEC lineage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RANKL highly expressed by activated CD4+ T cells was primarily responsible for the detrimental effects. Presumably, excessive RANK signaling drove overproduction of mTECs and possibly exhaustion of epithelial progenitors, thereby facilitating the deterioration of the epithelial structures. These findings not only reveal a novel activity of activated T cells re-entering the thymus, but also provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying thymic involution.

The adsorption of disperse dye wastewater with organic clay by static tests is studied, Meanwhile, the composition of wastewater is analyzed by means of FT-IR,and organic clay is analyzed by means of XRD. The effect of pH , dosing quantity and concentration of wastewater on the efficiency of adsorption has been studied, and the relationship between the equilibrium concentration and adsorption capacity is concluded. In the end, the adsorption mechanism is preliminary discussed.

This paper, using 3-D numerical simulation and the hydraulic model tests, presents an analysis on hydraulic performance of pumped storage plant inlet/outlet. It discusses the uneven flow coefficient, coefficient of orifice flow distribution and head loss coefficient of inlet/outlet in different sizes. The optimized size has a uniform flow distribution, with less to produce unwanted eddies.

To investigate the role of Rheb (mTOR activator) in AML development by measuring Rheb expression in bone marrow of adult AML patients and in AML cell line HL-60.Real-time PCR assay was used to measure the Rheb mRNA expression in 27 AML patients and 29 ITP patients as control. The relationship between Rheb mRNA expression and age, AML subtype, fusion gene, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and survival of AML patients was analyzed and compared. In addition, HL-60 cell line over-expressing Rheb was established, and the HL-60 cells and HL-60 cells with overexpression of Rheb were treated with Ara-C of different concentrations, the proliferation level was detected by CCK-8 method, and the IC50 was calculated.The mRNA level of Rheb in AML patients was similar to that in ITP patients (control). Interestingly, higher expression of Rheb was associated with better survival and was sensitive to Ara-C treatment. However, the expression level of Rheb was not associated with age, AML subtype, fusion gene, and hepatomegaly of patients. Lower expression level of Rheb was associated with splenomegaly. In vitro analysis of HL-60 line indicated that overexpression of Rheb could increased the cell sensitivity to Ara-C treatment (IC50=0.54 µmol/L) and caused HL-60 cell apoptosis.The lower Rheb expression is a poor prognostic indicator for AML patients, which is associated with AML splenomegaly, the patients and HL-60 cells with low expression of Rheb are insensitive to Ara-C treatment.

To investigate the growth inhibitory effect of Imatinib derivative TEB-415 on various multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, such as U226, H929, RPMI8226, MM1R and MM1S.TEB-415, a derivative of Imatinib was synthesized by modifying the chemical structure of Imatinib. MM cell lines (U226, H929, RPMI8226, MM1R and MM1S) were treated with TEB-415, Imatini and Bortezomib of various concentrations. Cells were grown for 72 hours and the growth rate was measured by CCK-8 method, cell morphology was observed and the IC50 was calculated.TEB-415 could inhibit H929 and RPMI8226 growth significantly. When the concentration of TEB-415 was0.1 nmol/L,50% H929 cells died. The IC50 of Imatinib was 0.123 mol/L while the IC50 of Bortezomib was 0.03 nmol/L. In RPMI8226 cell line, when the concentration of TEB-415 was 11.9 mol/L, more than 50% of cells died. In contrast, when RPMI8266 were treated with Imatinib of the concentration of 12.8 mol/L, cells grew normally.In comparison to Imatinib, TEB-415, a derivative of Imatinib, can kill H929 MM cells much effectively, its effecacy is only inferior to Bortezomib. RPMI8226, an MM cell line is insensitive to Imatinib, but still sensitive to TEB-415 and its growth can be inhibited by TEB-415.

t was summarized the simulate of materials and application of molecular dynamics, it expounded the molecular dynamics to solve the problem of the basic idea, principle, modeling methods and its simulating methods, and discussed the typical organization performance control technology, the development for simulation aspects and its problems existing. Especially focused on the molecular dynamics system its dynamic simulation in materials microscopic-sized, attached the application of macro characteristics and micro structure. Through the research and analysis, it gave the main application direction in solving steel organization performance control by the method of molecular dynamics, faced with the problem and its future development trend.

The failure or success of the PPP project depends on choosing a reasonable concessionaire.And it is particularly important.From the view of the government,the article launch a more accurate,comprehensive quantitive evaluation analysis on the basis of the characteristics of the PPP projects: construct a model to choose concessionaire of the project.Using fuzzy AHP method, we can build a model and solve it. Thus, we could get the best concessionaire and benefit all the parties.

The movement and deformation of rock stratum occur when the excavation is carries out during the underground mining process. Rock is a continuous-discontinuous material so the continuum mechanics method may not handle the rock problem well. The discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method which discretizes the rock mass to block system can describe the large displacement and deformation of rock blocks, especially the rock stratum collapse. The DDA was employed in this paper to analysis a mining excavation process. The displacement field and stress field of rock stratum was computed. The result shows that the DDA can handle the mining excavation and the rock stratum movement and deformation problem well.

In this paper, based on the analysis of strata soil temperature variation, the DeST software is used to simulate changes of outdoor air parameters under typical meteorological year in Jinan. One-dimensional unsteady state soil air heat transfer model is regarded as the research object, this paper theoretically studies export air temperature change rules for the whole year under tunnel intermittent running condition. The results show that the tunnel plays a preheating role for outdoor air in winter and the cold role in summer, which provides a good cold、heat source conditions for the application of air source system based on the tunnel wind, especially the most hot and cold day throughout the year, the system has a remarkable effect.

A post-adjustment method that makes DDA coupled with finite deformation theory was presented in this paper. The displacement post-adjustment equations were derived. We also calculated two examples to illustrate this method. The method was also compared with original DDA and reference’s. It shows that the method in this paper can work well on the block rotation error problems.

The baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to propamidine and assessment of the risk of propamidine resistance in vitro are presented in this article. The baseline sensitivities of 41 wild-type strains were distributed as a unimodal curve with EC50 values of mycelial growth ranging from 0.182 to 1.460 μg ml−1, with a mean of 0.79 ± 0.27 μg ml−1. A total of 10 resistant mutants, obtained from one parental strain, were induced by UV irradiation and selected for resistance to propamidine with an average frequency of 1.98 × 10−9 and 0.025 respectively. These mutants were divided into three classes of resistant phenotypes with low (LR), moderate (MR) and high (HR) levels of resistance, determined by the EC50 values of 5.0–15.0 μg ml−1, 15.1–75.0 μg ml−1 and more than 75.0 μg ml−1 respectively. Neither positive cross-resistance nor negative cross-resistance was detected between propamidine and the fungicides, benzimidazole carbendazim, anilino-pyrimidine pyrimethanil, dicarboximide iprodione or procymidone. All 10 propamidine-resistant mutants showed reduced mycelial growth in vitro, sporulation, spore germination and pathogenicity when compared with the parental strain. These studies demonstrated that propamidine possesses a low risk of resistance developing. However, as B. cinerea is a high-risk pathogen, appropriate precautions against resistance development should be taken.

To analyze and evaluate the application of spinning disk confocal microscopy and imaging analysis software in movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils.Neutrophils were isolated from bone marrow by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll gradient, and then were stained with PE Gr-1 antibody and mixed with FITC-labeled Zymosan A bioparticles. Multichannel time-lapse videos were captured by using the spinning disk confocal microscopy. The result was analyzed by using volocity and ImageJ software, the parameters associated with movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils were analyzed, including morphological changes, cell tracking, pseudopod dynamics, binding and phagocytosis index.Most neutrophils would be polarized in response to Zymosan particles during a short time. Binding and phagocytosis process occured in forty minutes.A method of precisely quantifying the movement and phagocytosis of neutrophils using microscopic imaging and imaging analysis technique has been set up successfully. Using this method, biological activity and function of neutrophils can be evaluated visually and rapidly. The physiologically rapid response to Zymosan particles can be applied to the neutrophils function research in the future.