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The present study aimed to explore the correlation between agronomic traits and quality indexes of Dendrobium nobile and its application value in agricultural breeding. The cultivated strains of D. nobile in Hejiang-Chishui producing areas were extensively collected,and the main agronomic traits and quality indexes were measured. The agronomic traits with significant correlation with quality indexes were screened out by the correlation analysis,and then the parental lines and self-bred F_1 generation plants were furtherverified. Among 96 lines of D. nobile,the content of soluble polysaccharides showed a significant negative correlation with dendrobine( Plt; 0. 01),and no significant correlation with agronomic traits in stems and leaves. The content of dendrobine exhibited a significant positive correlation with the stem width-thickness ratio( at the largest cross section; Plt; 0. 01),and no significant correlation with other agronomic traits. Regression analysis further verified the positive correlation between dendrobine content and stem width-thickness ratio( R2gt; 0. 9). Two lines,JC-10 and JC-35,with significant differences in stem width-thickness ratio were screened out( Plt;0. 05). The corresponding F1 generation plants by self-pollination both showed that the dendrobine content was higher with greater stem width-thickness ratio( Plt; 0. 01). The experimental results suggested that within a certain range,the dendrobine content was higher in D. nobile with flatter stem. Therefore,in the breeding of D. nobile,this specific trait could be used for screening plants with high content of quality indexes such as dendrobine.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) was for the first time immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles to be used for screening of MAO-B inhibitors from herbal extracts. The immobilized enzyme was characterized with transmission electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The immobilized enzyme retained 95% of the activity, while the thermostability was significantly increased. It was then used as solid phase extraction absorbent to extract MAO-B's ligands from two traditional Chinese medicinal plants, Cortex fraxini and Pericarpium granati. Calceolarioside B and ellagic acid were extracted from C. fraxini and P. granati, respectively, and both of them were found to be inhibitors of MAO-B with IC50 of 40.95 ± 0.63 and 103.70 ± 2.34 μM, respectively. This is the first report that calceolarioside B inhibits MAO-B activity. Furthermore, inhibitory mechanisms of both compounds were studied by molecular docking analysis, the results of which demonstrated that the affinity of calceolarioside B with monoamine oxidase B was stronger than that of ellagic acid. The method proposed in this work is highly efficient for screening of MAO-B inhibitors from complex mixtures, showing great potential in discovering anti-Parkinson's disease compounds present in medicinal plants.

A microchip capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser induced fluorescence detection method for the fast determination of aloin was developed and comprehensively applied for the quantification of aloin A and B present in seven aloe plant species, 42 aloin-containing crude drugs, ten aloe pharmaceutical preparations, and four aloe gel-containing functional foods. The excitation and emission wavelengths for detection of both aloins were set at 473 and 520 nm, respectively. Sample analysis on a 35 mm length of glass microchip channel was completed within 40 s. An interference study indicated that the other main anthraquinones present in the samples did not interrupt with the target aloins detection, demonstrating the good selectivity of this method. It is demonstrated that this method is fast, facile, and specific for determination of aloin A and B from matrix samples which can be applied to the quality control of a wide varieties of aloe species and aloe-derived products.

Dendrobium denneanum have been used for a long time as rare medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous works found that ether extract of D. denneanum had higher anticancer activities than alcohol or water extract,thus with better development prospects. Quantitative proteomics based on SILAC technique was used to investigate the anticancer mechanism of D. denneanum on lung tumor cell line A549,and 4 855 proteins were detected in A549 cells. Quantitative proteomics experiments found that 193 proteins of A549 cells were up-regulated,and 44 proteins were down-regulated by ether extract of D. denneanum. Those proteins are associated with synthesis,transport and metabolism of biological macromolecules,chaperone,DNA repair,oxidoreductase,cell adhesion,cell cycle,apoptosis and autophagy. Through the function analysis of differentially expressed proteins,it was inferred that ether extract of D. denneanum caused cell protein metabolism disorder,endoplasmic reticulum stress response,abnormal self-repair mechanism of cells,damage of cell adhesion and proliferation; besides,it caused a dramatic increase in ROS level in A549 cells,and upset the balance of intracellular oxidation reduction system. Affected by the above factors,lung cancer cells initiated apoptosis and autophagy,which accelerated cell death. This research explains the anticancer mechanism of D. denneanum from the perspective of quantitative proteomics,and lays a foundation for future research and development of new anticancer drugs based on ether extract of D. denneanum.

In this work, monoamine oxidase B was immobilised onto magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a new type of affinity solid-phase extraction adsorbent, which was used to extract the possible anti-neurodegenerative components from the Lonicera japonica flower extracts. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, two monoamine oxidase B ligands were fished-out and identified as isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C, which were found to be inhibitors of the enzyme for the first time, with similar half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 29.05 ± 0.49 and 29.77 ± 1.03 μM, respectively. Furthermore, equilibrium-dialysis dissociation assay of enzyme-inhibitor complex showed that both compounds have reversible binding patterns to monoamine oxidase B, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that they were mixed-type inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B, with Ki and Kis values of 9.55 and 37.24 μM for isochlorogenic acid A, 9.53 and 35.50 μM for isochlorogenic acid C, respectively. The results indicated that isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were the major active components responsible for the anti-degenerative activity of the flowers of L. japonica, while magnetic nanoparticles immobilised monoamine oxidase B could serve as an efficient solid-phase extraction adsorbent to specifically extract monoamine oxidase B inhibitors from complex herbal extracts.

This paper mainly examines the time-dependent response of a single pile embedded in an isotropic multilayered poroelastic soil under an axial loading. The pile is modeled as a one-dimensional bar and discretized using the finite element method. According to the analytical layer-element method, the fundamental solution for the soil subjected to a unit load can be obtained. By virtue of the compatibility condition between the pile and soil, the solution for the interaction problem are derived in the Laplace transform domain, and the actual solution can be further carried out by taking the inversion of Laplace transform. The resulting numerical solutions show fine consistency with the existing ones, which confirms the feasibility and accuracy of the theory proposed in this paper. Selected examples are provided to demonstrate the influences of the stiffness ratio, length–radius ratio, the stratified character of the medium as well as the time factor on the interaction problem.

The stiffness matrices of the Euler–Bernoulli/Timoshenko beams are established based on the finite element method (FEM), while the solution of layered poroelastic soils with anisotropic permeability and compressible pore fluid is obtained with the analytical layer-element method. Then by introducing the conditions of the displacement harmony between the beams and foundation, we can establish the final stiffness matrices of foundation beams. Three examples are conducted to compare the results of the proposed theory with those from the literatures or the ABAQUS modeling in order to prove the accuracy of the theory. Furthermore, several other numerical examples are carried out to analyze the effects of the property of the beam-soil system and the shear deformation and rotary inertia on the interaction problems.

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According to the demand of laser initiating device miniaturization and low power consumption of weapon system, research on the low power pulse laser detonation circuit with super capacitor. Established a dynamic model of laser output based on super capacitance storage capacity, discharge voltage and programmable output pulse width. The output performance of the super capacitor under different energy storage capacity and discharge voltage is obtained by simulation. The experimental test system was set up, and the laser diode of low power pulsed laser detonation circuit was tested and the laser output waveform of laser diode in different energy storage capacity and discharge voltage was collected. Experiments show that low power pulse laser detonation based on super capacitor energy storage circuit discharge with high efficiency, good transient performance, for a low power consumption requirement, for laser detonation system and low power consumption and provide reference light miniaturization of engineering practice.

In this article, a coupled BEM-ALEM approach is presented to analyze the elastic thin plates resting on saturated poroelastic multilayered soil with anisotropic permeability. The direct boundary element method is applied to dissect the rectangular thin plate based on the Kirchhoff assumption. And the analytical layer-element method (ALEM) is used to derive the stiffness matrix of saturated poroelastic multilayered soil with anisotropic permeability. By introducing the conditions of displacement harmony at the interface between the plate and soil, the stiffness matrix of soil is directly incorporated into the developed BEM formulation of the plate. Moreover, the effect of the plate-soil relative stiffness and stratification of soil system on the time-dependent behavior of the plate situated on saturated poroelastic multilayered soil is analyzed.

This paper presents a solution for 3D transversely isotropic multilayered foundations under external loading, for which the analytical layer-element method is used because it has good numerical stability due to its symmetry and no existence of positive exponents. Based on the basic equations for transversely isotropic elastic materials, an analytical layer-element, which describes the relationship between the displacements and stresses of 3D transversely isotropic single-layered foundations, is exactly derived in the transformed domain by applying the double Fourier transform technique and the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. Taking account of the continuity conditions between adjacent layers, the global stiffness matrix can be obtained by assembling the interrelated layer elements. The solutions in the physical domain can be obtained by a numerical Fourier inversion. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to verify the presented theory and to elucidate the effect of stratification on the deformation of a foundation.

The Biot’s consolidation theory of fluid-infiltrated porous materials is used to formulate the problem of 2D and 3D consolidation of multilayered poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability and compressible fluid and solid constituents under external force. The Laplace–Fourier transforms technology is adopted to reduce the partial differential equations to ordinary ones in the transformed domain, and an extra Laplace transform is subsequently implemented with respect to the remained variable of depth z to solve the equations. Analytical matrices are then built between the displacements, pore pressure and the stresses, fluid flux for all of the layers. By considering the boundary conditions and continuity between adjacent layers, global stiffness matrix is finally assembled from the analytical matrices in transformed domain. Using the inversion technology of the Laplace–Fourier transforms, actual solutions in the physical domain can be obtained. Finally, a FORTRAN program is made to perform the theory, and a series of numerical examples are carried out to validate and be in-depth insight into 2D and 3D consolidation of multilayered poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability and compressible fluid and solid constituents. The results exhibit that the characteristic of compressibility of the constituents may have a strong effect on the consolidation process.

This paper presents an analytical layer-element solution to non-axisymmetric consolidation of multilayered poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability and compressible constituents. By applying Fourier expansions, Hankel transforms and Laplace transforms to the state variables involved in the governing equations of poroelasticity with respect to the circumferential, radial and time coordinates, respectively, the analytical layer-element (i.e. a symmetric stiffness matrix) is derived, which describes the relationship between the transformed generalized stresses and displacements at the surface (z = 0) and those at an arbitrary depth z, considering the corresponding boundary and continuity conditions at the layer interfaces, the global stiffness matrix of a multilayered system is assembled in the transformed domain. The actual solutions in the physical domain are acquired by applying numerical quadrature schemes for the inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform. Finally, numerical calculation is presented to investigate the influence of layering and poroelastic material parameters on consolidation process.

Based on an exact geometric nonlinear theory for plane curved beams, geometrically nonlinear equilibrium equations and boundary conditions governing the nonlinear bending of a simple plane frame structure subjected distributed loads were derived. By using the shooting method to numerically solve the boundary value problem of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, large deformation equilibrium configurations of a simple frame with both straight and the curved beam elements subjected uniformly distributed load were obtained. The theory and methodology presented can be used to analyze large deformation of plane simple frames with a variety of geometries and loadings.

In order to take an insight into the profile of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection, we made a statistic survey in 9 hospitals in mainland China. With the purpose of guiding the prevention and treatment, 241 cases with such co-infection were enrolled and the data with respect to clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, therapy and prognosis were analysed.All indices were collected with unified questionary.Young men (75.9%) took constituted the majority. HIV was transmitted mainly by intravenous drug use (IDU) in Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces, by blood transfusion or blood products in Shanghai, Henan and Wenxi county of Shanxi, and by sexual transmission in Fuzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province. In this survey, pulmonary TB accounted for 59.3%, extra-pulmonary TB for 21.2%, and both for 19.5% of the patients. As for laboratory tests, only 9.5% was positive in sputum for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) and 2.9% in culture, 10.8% of the patients had AFB in pleural fluid or cerebrospinal fluid. Besides, PPD was negative or weakly positive in most of the cases. Overall, 76.8% of the 241 cases had a CD(4) cell count200/microl, and 58.5%100/microl. 80.5% of the patients was treated with anti-tuberculous medications and 69.7% with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 203 (84.2%) were still alive and 38 (15.8%) died.(1) The clinical manifestations of the 241 cases were varied because of prevailing pulmonary TB. (2) The immune function was depressed with reducing CD(4) counts in most of the patients. (3) Positivity rate of examination relevant to TB was too low to help the diagnosis. (4) The mortality (15.8%) was high even with HAART and/or chemotherapy.

To understand the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN's and DC-SIGNR's neck regions in normal Chinese Han population, and to obtain the genetic data of the two loci in Chinese Han population.The genotypes and alleles of repeat sequences of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR neck region were typed by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of DC-SIGNR was calculated.DC-SIGN genetic polymorphism was rare. Allele 7 was most and its frequency was 0.9808. 4-, 5-, 6- and 8- alleles were also found, although their frequencies were very low. Caucasians had only 6- and 8- allele mutants; DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism was high, its PIC was 0.5312, 4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9- alleles and 16 genotypes were found in normal Chinese Han population. The differences of 6/5,7/4,7/5,7/6,7/7,9/5,9/7,9/9 genotypes distribution and 5-,6-,7-,9- alleles frequency between normal Chinese Han population and Caucasian population were all extremely distinct (P0.01). The inserted mutation seemed more in Chinese Hans than Caucasian population.DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genotypes and alleles distribution in Chinese Han population are significantly different from Caucasian population and with Chinese own population genetic characteristics, compared with Caucasians.