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Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) is a widely used reducing agent to control pulp potential (Eh) and pyrite depressant in sulfide ore flotation. In this study, the pyrite depressant effect of sodium dithionite on gold ore flotation was investigated at pH 8 and pH 10.5 comparatively in terms of gold, chalcopyrite, and pyrite recoveries and grades. The presence of sodium dithionite resulted in a drop of approximately 50–70 mV in the Eh values, regardless of the studied pH values, confirming the reducing effect of sodium dithionite. The effects of sodium dithionite on gold and chalcopyrite grades and recoveries were quite limited, especially at pH 10.5. At pH 8, the utilization of sodium dithionite slightly decreased gold and chalcopyrite recovery and grades, while the decrease in pyrite recovery and grades was remarkable. Both pyrite recovery and grade were reduced from 79.5% to 54.7% and 15.3% to 10.7% by the utilization of sodium dithionite at pH 8. In conclusion, it is considered that the selective flotation of gold and chalcopyrite from pyrite can be achieved at a lower pH accompanied by a slightly reduced Eh by the utilization of sodium dithionite.

İnsanlık tarihinin ilk anlarından itibaren gündeme gelen Allah-evren-insan ilişkisi üzerine başta ilahi din mensupları ve filozoflar olmak üzere müspet ilim temsilcileri tarafından da birbirinden farklı pek çok teori ileri sürülmüş, ilişkinin ayrıntıları üzerinde çeşitli değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Konu etrafındaki tartışmalar hâlihazırda da güncelliğini korumaktadır. İlahi dinler açısından bakıldığında İslam’ın son şekli olarak gelen Kur’an merkezli vahiy sisteminin en dikkat çeken ve temel unsuru olarak görülebilecek tarafı, yaratan ve yaratılanlar arasındaki net ayrımdır. Söz konusu anlayışa göre Allah dışındaki tüm varlıklar, yaratılanlar kategorisinde değerlendirilmektedir ve var olmalarının yanında varlıklarını sürdürmelerini aralarında hiçbir benzerliğin olmadığı Allah’a borçludurlar. Bunun yanında Kur’an’da evrenin hassas ölçülere göre bir denge ve düzen içerisinde var edildiği sıkça ifade edilmektedir. Hatta bahsi geçen bu kriterler, Allah’ın varlığını ve özellikle de birliğini ortaya koymak noktasında çokça kullanan bir argüman olan teleololjik delilin hareket noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Tüm bunlar bize evrende hiçbir şeyin gelişi güzel ya da tesadüf/şans eseri olmadığını ortaya koymakta, evrenin bir standart/yasalılık içerdiği çağrışımını yapmaktadır. Kanaatimizce “Sünnetullah”, Kur’an’da bu standartın ya da yasalılığın ifadesi olarak kullanılan bir kavramdır. “Sünnetullah”ın değişmezliği meselesi, önce nedensellik üzerinden determinizm, sonra da determinizm bağlamında deizm tartışmalarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Nitekim “Sünnetullah” kavramının katı bir determinist anlayış üzerinden anlaşılması deizme kapı açma ihtimalini barındırırken, evrende olup biten olayları standart yasalar yerine tesadüflere bağlamak ise yaratıcıyı devreden çıkararak ateizme götüren bir süreci gündeme getirmektedir. Bu yüzden “Sünnetullah” olgusunun Allah-evren-insan ilişkisi bağlamında bu riskleri ortadan kaldırmaya dönük bir şekilde ele alınması önem arz etmektedir. Biz de bu nedenle “Sünnetullah-yasalılık” ilişkisini “değişmezlik” bağlamında çalışma konusu olarak belirledik. Konuyu ele alırken sadece vahyin verilerini değil, olgusal alanı da hesaba katmaya çalıştık. Bunu yaparken temel yaklaşımımız Kur’an’ı salt bir bilim kitabı olarak görmemek “tabiatta olan biten her şey ayrıntısıyla Kur’an’da yer alır” tarzında bir şartlanmışlık üzerinden hareket etmemek oldu. Ancak her ikisi de aynı varlık tarafından yaratılan tabiatla Kur’an arasında bir uyum olduğu gerçeğini gözden kaçırmamaya çalıştık. Zira kanaatimizce bu uyum, tabiattan/fizik alandan hareketle Allah inancına ulaşma noktasında nesnel bir zemin oluşturabilecek potansiyeli barındırmaktadır. Metnimizi oluştururken kavram analizi, tarihsel ve olgusal gerçeklik öne çıkarmaya çalıştığımız unsurlar oldu. Metot olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tercih edildi. “Sünnetullah” kavramının anlam çerçevesi incelenmeye ve nedensellik ile ilgisi ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Araştırmamızda “Sünnetullah” kavramı Allah-insan-evren ilişkisi bağlamında topluma ve tabiata yönelik tüm yasaları içeren bir anlamda kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanında yaşamın farklı alanları ve şartlarında herhangi bir şeyin doğası ve işleyişine dair farklı yasaların devreye girmesinin yasanın değişikliğe açık olması anlamına gelmeyeceği ileri sürülmüştür. Kanaatimizce yasanın değişmemesi ile kastedilen şey aynı şartlarda aynı kanunun devreye gireceği ayrıntısıdır. Bu durumda şartlar değişebilir, ancak o şartlara özel/uygun olarak devreye giren kanun değişmez. Nitekim Allah sonsuz ilmine ve kudretine uygun olarak hiçbir ayrıntıyı atlamamış, sebep ve sonuçlarıyla evrende olası her durum için bir kanun belirlemiştir. “Sünnetullah” ile nedensellik arasındaki ilişki işte bu zeminde gerçekleşmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sünnetullah, Yasalılık, Nedensellik, Değişmezlik, Determinizm.

Egemenlik olgusu ontolojik ve siyasi olmak kaydıyla temelde iki unsur olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bunlardan ontolojik egemenliğin sahibi Allah, siyasi egemenliğin sahibi ise insandır. Allah’ın insanı “halife” kılmasının bu bağlamda anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Emanetin emini olan insanın en önemli rolü, yeryüzünü imar ederek düzenli ve güvenli bir toplumsal yapının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamaktır. İnsanın söz konusu işlevleri yerine getirmesi, ancak adaletin tesis edilmesiyle mümkündür. Adaletin gerçekleşmesinin birinci koşulu ise “hukukun üstünlüğü” ilkesinin her koşulda sağlanmasıdır. Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de insanların en çok ihtiyaç duyduğu şey adalettir. Buna uygun olarak Kur’an’ın, toplum anlayışının özünde adaleti temin edecek ve bütün insanların haklarını koruyacak, hukukun üstünlüğüne bağlı bir yönetimin kurulması hedefi bulunmaktadır. İnsana düşen bunu gerçekleştirmek üzere gerekli çabayı ortaya koymasıdır. Biz bu makalede hukuk-adalet ilişkisini ve İslam Dini’nin bu konuda nasıl bir duruş sergilediğini ortaya koymayı hedefledik. Çalışmamızda kavram analizi, tarihsel ve olgusal gerçeklik öne çıkarmaya çalıştığımız unsurlar oldu. Yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizini tercih ettik. Araştırmanın sonucunda adaletin tesisinde hukukun üstünlüğü ilkesine göre hareket etmenin İslam’ın açık emri olduğuna ulaştık.

Background and Objectives: To investigate histopathological changes and serous carcinoma precursors such as secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) and p53 signature in the bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) materials used during cesarean section (S/C). Materials and Methods: In total, 138 patients underwent S/C and tubal sterilization (TS) between October 2020 and May 2021 at Konya City Hospital. Patients’ data were obtained from the hospital’s system. All data and findings were investigated and statistically evaluated. Results: The mean age was 34.62 years (22–44), the mean gravity was 4.89 (2–15) and the mean parity was 3.46 (1–10). In total, 5.79% SCOUT, 7.24% atypia and 9.42% p53 signatures were observed. Significant correlations were shown between the epithelial cell lineage and age between Ki-67, SCOUT, and gravity; between the Ki-67 results and gravity and parity; and between the p53 score and age. Conclusions: TS is a common, safe, and effective method worldwide. Today, BTL is increasing along with increasing S/C ratios. In addition to the reduced risk of ovarian cancers with ligation alone, precursor lesions such as hyperplasia, SCOUT, p53 signature, and STIL/Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) are encountered in the ampulla materials obtained. Considering the low rates of re-anastomosis, tubal excision may be recommended instead of ligation in women of relatively higher gravity and age.

Objective:This study aimed to find out valuable parameters that predict the nature of breast papillary lesions before excision, and we compared our results with those in the literature.Materials and Methods:We reviewed the medical records and pathology slides of patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasm after undergoing a core-needle biopsy between 2010 and 2020, who, subsequently, underwent surgical excision in a single tertiary care institution. The core biopsy results and pathology results of excision materials were compared with the radiological, pathological, and demographic findings.Results:A total of 51 patients were included in the study. According to the excision results, the patients were divided into two groups: the atypical group, which included 20 patients (39.3%), and the benign group, which included 31 patients (61.7%). The results of the core biopsy showed that the loss of myoepithelial cell layer was identified in 18 patients in the atypical group, while it was present in all patients in the benign group. Tumor sizes were larger and patient ages were older in the atypical group compared with the benign group. No significant difference was found between atypical and benign groups in terms of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification and location (right vs left; central vs peripheral). The upgrade rate was between 0% and 16% in literature, while it was 4% in our study.Conclusion:There is no consensus on whether patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasia as a result of core biopsy will undergo excision. According to our results, patients with following criteria should have their lesions excised: those who are advanced in age, those who are diagnosed with a papillary lesion as a result of core biopsies with loss of myoepithelial cell layer, and those who are diagnosed with large-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer. Patients diagnosed with small-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer and who are young in age are to be followed up without the need for lesion excision. The lesions should be adequately sampled.

Kamu yönetimlerinin değerlere dayalı bir işleyiş sergileyerek kamu hizmetlerini sunabilmeleri açısından kamuda “ahlakilik” çıtasının yükseltilmesine katkı sunacak olan “etik yönetim gerekliliklerinin” yerine getirilmesi temel bir zorunluluktur. Bugün OECD gibi uluslar arası kuruluşların ülkelerin kamu yönetimlerinde kamu dürüstlüğünün ve bu bağlamda etik yönetim anlayış ve kültürünün gelişmesi için önerdikleri “etik altyapı” veya “kamu dürüstlüğü stratejisi” gibi yönetim çerçeveleri, sundukları vizyonla günümüz kamu yönetiminde karşılaşılan sorunları çözmede önemli bir rehberlik desteği sağlamaktadır. Ancak, etik yönetimin “kültürel” boyutu dikkate alındığında ülkelerin kültürel kaynaklarında mevcut olan kadim bilgilerin gün ışığına çıkarılması da kamu yönetiminde etik sorunlara çözüm bulmayı hedefleyen uluslar arası yaklaşımların yerel düzeyde tutarlılığını ortaya koymada ve iyi uygulama modellerini geliştirmede yol gösterici olacaktır. Etik yönetim gerekliliklerinin kültürel zemininin ortaya konulmasında günümüz ve gelecek insanına kılavuzluk edecek olan ve kadim bilgi kaynakları arasında yer alan eserlerden birisi de Büyük Selçuklu Devleti Veziri Nizamülmülk’ün “Siyasetname” adlı eseridir. Bu eser, okuyucusuna sunduğu iyi yönetim esaslarıyla aynı zamanda etik yönetimin güçlendirilmesine yönelik yeni anlayışların gelişmesine de katkı sunmaktadır. Günümüzdeki kurumsal ve kavramsal değişimlere rağmen eserin, genel anlamda OECD’nin geliştirmiş olduğu yönetim çerçevelerine karşılık gelen tavsiyeler içerdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın amacının zengin kültürel kaynaklarımız arasında ayrıcalıklı bir konuma sahip olan Nizamülk’ün Siyasetnamesi’nde etik yönetim gerekliliklerine dair yönetim tavsiyeleri hakkında farkındalık artırmak olduğunu ifade edebiliriz.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the abstracts presented at Turkish National Otorhinolaryngology Congresses in the years from 2009 to 2018.Methods: Abstracts were defined and grouped according to their field of study, design, level of evidence, number of authors, the main institution in which they were held, and whether they were uni- or multi-centric. Frequency and percentage tables were prepared.Results: In total, 5,463 studies, of which 1,431 (26.2%) were oral presentations and 4,032 (73.8%) were poster presentations were reviewed. The highest number of studies was in the field of otology and in the form of oral presentations (32%), and in the field of head and neck surgery in the form of poster presentations (37%). Fifty-seven percent of all studies were conducted in university hospitals, and 34% in Training and Research Hospitals. Eighty-three percent of oral presentations and 99% of poster presentations were clinical studies. The rate of experimental animal studies was 16% in oral presentations. The most commonly used design of orally presented clinical studies was descriptive (31%), whereas prospective randomized controlled design was the least common (3%). No study with a level 1 of evidence was found. The rate of oral papers presented with evidence levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 among all oral presentations were 22%, 13%, 11%, and 54%, respectively.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the abstracts were satisfactory in quantity, but overall scientific quality was not sufficient. The data obtained may serve as a basis for future studies, and follow-up studies may guide individuals and institutions that steer the Turkish ENT community.

The current study examined the competencies of English teachers working with students having a special learning disability (SLD) and the effectiveness of the developed education program. The study was made during the pandemic, and the research group consists of voluntary 28 English teachers working at the level of second and third schools in the districts of Konya in the 2021–2022 academic year. A mixed method (qualitative + quantitative) was used in the research. The research was designed with a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. In the study, the proficiency levels of the teachers who participated in the training program in the sub-dimensions of SLD knowledge, SLD academic skills, SLD professional knowledge, and foreign language teaching knowledge were found to be statistically significantly higher than both the pre-test scores and the teachers who did not participate in the training. In addition, it was determined that there was a statistically significant and positive correlation between all sub-dimensions of English teachers’ proficiency levels in the field of SLD. These results indicate that the training program on SLD plays an important role in increasing the competence of English teachers in this field. Evidence obtained in the study will guide experts who prepare teacher training and in-service training programs.

Introduction: Mucociliary clearance (MC) is a critical defense mechanism for the protection of the entire respiratory system. Nasal colonization of some pathogens and chronical nasal infections are important risk factors for peritonitis. Any disturbance in the MC causes stasis of secretions and secondary infections. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in terms of nasal MC. More specifically, the goal is to investigate the possible correlation between the nasal MC and peritonitis. Methods: Forty CAPD patients and 39 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The nasal MC was evaluated with the saccharin test, in which a 1 mm diameter saccharin particle was carefully placed on the antero-medial surface of inferior nasal concha. The time taken by the subjects from the placement of particle to the perception of the sweet taste was taken as mucociliary clearance time (MCT). The groups were compared in terms of MCT. The patient group was evaluated in terms of a peritonitis history, and the correlations with MC were analyzed. Results: Patient group with CKD consisted of 16 females and 24 males with a mean age of 32.4 years; healthy individuals in the control group consisted of 17 women and 22 men with a mean age of 33.3 years. There was not a significant difference in terms of mean MC time in patients with CKD when compared with the individuals in the control group. The comparison between the mean MCT in the patients who had a history of peritonitis and patients without peritonitis was statistically significant (p

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the stapedotomies performed using Teflon prostheses with 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm diameters. Materials and Methods: Pre- and postoperative audiograms of 52 participants, who had undergone stapedotomy, were evaluated retrospectively. Participants were divided into two groups according to the diameter of the prosthesis used for their surgery: Group 1 (0.4 mm) and Group 2 (0.6 mm). Air conduction (AC) pure tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Hz and air–bone gaps (ABGs) at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, as well as pure tone averages (PTAs), were compared within and between groups. Results: Hearing gain, with regard to AC thresholds and ABGs, was statistically significant within both groups for each frequency (p0.05). Whereas the preoperative AC thresholds were similar between the groups at all frequencies, postoperative AC thresholds of the 0.6 mm group were better than those of the 0.4 mm group at 2000 Hz (p0.05). Conclusion: The outcomes of the stapedotomies with 0.4 and 0.6 mm Teflon prostheses were similar to each other with regard to postoperative hearing gain, PTA, and ABG. However, only at 2000 Hz, AC thresholds were found to be better in patients with a 0.6 mm prosthesis than in those with a 0.4 mm prosthesis.

It is widely believed that a virtuous state always commits to uphold and consistently implement ethical values. If ethics cannot be maintained in the public sector, it would drive unethical behaviors of public officials that ultimately damage the public reputation and cause nepotism, irregularities, waste of public resources, loss of lives and properties, etc. Meanwhile, implementing ethical values into practice for public sector management requires a systematical approach and policies. Since the culture of a nation also influences people's behaviors, thus the role of cultural values should be considered in the management of ethical values in the public sector. This study examines the masterpiece work of Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi, The Mathnawi, as an example of a cultural resource. This study has two main purposes: Firstly, it aims to raise awareness about the advice of Mawlana Jalaleddin Rumi regarding the essentials of ethical management in the public sector through Mathnawi. The second aim is to encourage readers to analyze and evaluate their own cultural resources to understand and implement the ethical management philosophies they envisage through a systematic perspective. This study argues that the core elements of Mathnawi with supporting local cultural values can play a crucial role in strengthening the practice of ethical management in public sector organizations. Therefore, it can be said that Mathnawi includes advice regarding the key essentials of ethics management.

Umit Yasar Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyHe et al have reported inhibitory effect of celecoxib on agomelatine metabolism in rat/human liver microsomes, recombinant human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 in vitro and in Sprague Dawley rats in vivo.1I would like to emphasize two important points related to celecoxib–agomelatine interaction. Firstly, according to an article cited by He et al written by Liu et al, refers to the metabolism of agomelatine, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the major CYP enzymes but not CYP2C9.2 In that study, Liu et al characterized novel metabolic pathways and CYP-mediated metabolism of agomelatine using metabolomic approaches.2 Among the 39 metabolites of agomelatine determined, 19 have been produced by CYP enzymes, mainly by CYP1A2. He et al cited another review article written by Sansone and Sansone as a reference to the role of CYP2C9 in the metabolism of agomelatine; however, that article also indicated CYP1A2 as the main responsible enzyme for agomelatine metabolism, and nothing was mentioned about the contribution of CYP2C9.3 In earlier in vitro studies and the European Medicines Agency assessment report, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have been suggested as the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of agomelatine. These in vitro data should be carefully interpreted because the type of in vitro drug metabolism system and the concentrations of the drug used in those studies may not directly be correlated with in vivo conditions. For example, in He et al, inhibitory effect of celecoxib was not present at 10 μM and was observed at 50 μM in liver microsomes and this inhibition pattern does not reflect in vivo conditions.1 Therefore, considering the findings in literature, the contribution of CYP2C9 in agomelatine metabolism seems to be minor and needs to be clarified in further studies. View the original paper by He and colleagues.

Objectives To identify the optimal pharmacological method of preparing patients for nasal endoscopy. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Four types of medications were applied in their nostrils with binary combinations of spray bottles on four different days in a random order: placebo (normal saline [NS]+NS), decongestant (NS+oxymetazoline), anesthetic (NS+lidocaine), and decongestant plus anesthetic (oxymetazoline+lidocaine). Rigid nasal endoscopy was performed 10 minutes after spray application. The volunteers evaluated the discomfort caused by each spray application, and nasal pain scores due to the passage of the endoscope. The physicians quantified nasal decongestion using a visual analogue scale. Endoscopy duration as well as pulse and mean blood pressure (MBP) before spray application, 10 minutes after the application, and immediately after endoscopic examination were also recorded. Results The discomfort caused by lidocaine was significantly higher than that caused by the other sprays (P

Hypopharyngeal hamartomas are quite rare tumors that may cause nutritional or respiratory problems in neonates and infants. They may be confused with other benign laryngeal lesions. In this study a 7-monthold infant with congenital stridor and positional dyspnea caused by a hypopharyngeal hamartoma was reported with review of the literature. Hypopharyngeal hamartomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pathologies that cause respiratory or feeding problems in neonates or infants.

Selefi zihin yapısının, süreç içerisinde çeşitli isimler altında ortaya çıkarak Müslümanların yaşamlarında etkili olduğu gözlenmektedir. İster yeni ister eski olsun, içerisinde Selefi unsurlar barındıran bu hareketler, Selefiliğin ana karakteri olarak ortaya çıkan tarihin belirli bir dönemine dönmeyi ve söz konusu dönemin dini anlayış ve uygulamalarına bağlı kalmayı içermektedir. Dolayısıyla içerisinde Selefi izler taşıyan her düşünce veya hareket, aslında tutucu ya da gelenekçi bir düşünce veya harekettir. Müslümanların yaşadığı coğrafyalarda görülen hemen her alandaki geri kalmışlığın, hak ihlallerinin, savaş, şiddet ve vahşet benzeri olumsuzlukların, bu zihin yapısıyla da ilgisi olduğu açıktır. Günümüzde yaşanan gelişmeler, konunun önemini daha da artırmaktadır. Biz bu makalede Selefi algının ana karakterlerini açıklamaya, bu zihniyetin oluşmasında etkili olan faktörleri ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.

Tesbih kelimesi Kur’an-ı Kerim’in bircok ayetinde gecen en temel kavramların- dan biridir. Bu kelimenin yakın iliski icerisinde olduğu Zikir, Sukur, Hamd ve Secde basta olmak uzere Tekbir, Tehlil, Dua gibi kavramlar da Kur’an’da oldukca genis bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Bu calısma yakın kavramların ısığında tesbih kavramının iceriğini ortaya koymayı amaclamaktadır. Tesbihin Hz. Adem’den bu yana suregelen İslam geleneğinde, ortak olan tevhit ilkesinin yerlesmesinde oynadığı rolu gostermek, calısmanın esas hede' ni olusturmaktadır. Bu hedefe giderken tesbihin evrendeki var- lıkların kendilerine Allah tarafından fıtri olarak yuklenmis gorevlerini mukemmel bir sekilde yerine getirmeleri yolundaki anlamı, temel hareket noktasıdır. Evrendeki diğer varlıkların tesbihinin insanlar tarafından anlasılıp anlasılamayacağı meselesiyle ilgili yaklasımlara da calısma icerisinde yer verilmistir

İman ve inanç kelimelerinin günlük yaşantuıuzda çoğu kez birbirlerinin yerine kullanıldıklan görülmektedir. Ancak her iki kelimenin işaret ettikleri anlamlar birbirinden farklıdır. Bu iki kelime arasındaki anlam farklılığı Kelam- Akaid ilişkisi içerisinde de kendisini göstermektedir. İnanç ile ilgili konular akaid ilmi içerisinde değerlendirilirken, iman meseleleri kelam açısından ele alının.ıştır. Bu anlamda kelamın ilgi alanı ve uğraştığı problemler, akaid ilmi ile kıyaslandığında daha entelektüel ve üst düzey bir içeriğe sahiptir. Kelamın bu entelektüel yapısının yanında, kullandığı metotlar ve uğraştığı sorular göz önüne alındığında, kelam eğitimi verilecek insanların da bu gelişmişliği kaldırabilecek aktüel birikime ve entelektüel gelişmişliğe sahip olması gerekmektedir

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the results for patients who had a stapes surgery to correct air-bone gap in otosclerosis.Materials and Methods:Retrospective analysis were made in 29 patients. Charts were reviewed for technique, audiological test results and complications. Closure of the air-bone gap was assessed according to the following classification system: satisfactory, (closure at 10 dB); unsatisfactory (no closure) or poor.Results:The mean air-bone gap was 34,8 dB before surgery. Small fenestra stapedotomy was performed in 19 ears (63%) and partial or total stapedectomy were performed in 11 ears (27%) under general anesthesia. Satisfactory and partially satisfactory closure of air-bone gap were obtained in 26 cases (87% ). Sensorineural hearing loss occurred in one case (3%) in early postoperative period.Conclusion:Surgery for otosclerosis is a safe and effective method for restoring hearing. Complications are rare.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a vasculitis of small-sized blood vessels, resulting from immunoglobulin-A-mediated inflammation. It is the most common acute systemic vasculitis in childhood and mainly affects skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints, and kidneys. The characteristic rash of HSP consists of palpable purpuric lesions 2 to 10 mm in diameter concentrating in the buttocks and lower extremities. The occurrence of hemorrhagic bullae in children with HSP is rarely encountered. This report describes a 4.5-year-old female patient with HSP associated with hemorrhagic bullous lesions.

The umbilicus is remaining scar tissue from the umbilical cord in the fetus. If the omphalomesenteric duct in the umbilicus is not properly closed, an ileal-umbilical fistula, sinus formation, cysts, or, most commonly, Meckel's diverticulum can develop. The others are very rare and mostly occur in the pediatric population. We describe herein a 61-year-old female with a giant omphalomesenteric cyst presented as an asymptomatic infraumbilical mass. To our knowledge, this is the oldest patient reported and the largest cyst described in the literature. The diagnosis of a painless abdominal mass frequently suggests malignancy in older patients. But, extremely rare conditions can be detected, such as an omphalomesenteric cyst., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Objective: It has been proven that malnutrition increases postoperative morbidity and mortality, and it may also negatively affect wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. In the literature, there is only one study evaluating the effects of preoperative nutritional support on colonic anastomotic healing under malnourished conditions. In order to improve the data on this topic, an experimental study was planned to evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional support on colonic anastomotic healing in malnourished rats., Material and Methods: The study included 18 male Wistar albino rats divided into 3 groups. The control (C) group was fed ad libitum for 21 days. The malnutrition (M) group and preoperative nutrition (P) group were given 50% of the daily food consumed by the rats in Group C for 21 days to induce malnutrition. At the end of 21 days, Group P was fed ad libitum for 7 days (preoperative nutritional support). Colonic transection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed at 21 days in Group C and Group M and at 28 days in Group P. The rats were sacrificed at postoperative 4 days, anastomotic bursting pressure was measured, and samples were taken to analyze tissue hydroxyproline levels., Results: Anastomotic bursting pressure was significantly higher in Group C than in Group M and Group P (p<0.05), and it was significantly higher in Group P than in Group M (p<0.05). Tissue hydroxyproline levels in Group P were found to be significantly higher than those in Group M and Group C (p<0.05)., Conclusion: One week of preoperative nutritional support increases collagen synthesis in the colon and positively affects anastomotic healing under malnourished conditions.

This article announces the recipient of the 2014 inaugural Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize in Global Omics and Personalized Medicine by the Pacific Rim Association for Clinical Pharmacogenetics (PRACP): Bernard Lerer, professor of psychiatry and director of the Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. The Werner Kalow Responsible Innovation Prize is given to an exceptional interdisciplinary scholar who has made highly innovative and enduring contributions to global omics science and personalized medicine, with both vertical and horizontal (transdisciplinary) impacts. The prize is established in memory of a beloved colleague, mentor, and friend, the late Professor Werner Kalow, who cultivated the idea and practice of pharmacogenetics in modern therapeutics commencing in the 1950s. PRACP, the prize's sponsor, is one of the longest standing learned societies in the Asia-Pacific region, and was founded by Kalow and colleagues more than two decades ago in the then-emerging field of pharmacogenetics. In announcing this inaugural prize and its winner, we seek to highlight the works of prize winner, Professor Lerer. Additionally, we contextualize the significance of the prize by recalling the life and works of Professor Kalow and providing a brief socio-technical history of the rise of pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine as a veritable form of 21(st) century scientific practice. The article also fills a void in previous social science analyses of pharmacogenetics, by bringing to the fore the works of Kalow from 1995 to 2008, when he presciently noted the rise of yet another field of postgenomics inquiry--pharmacoepigenetics--that railed against genetic determinism and underscored the temporal and spatial plasticity of genetic components of drug response, with invention of the repeated drug administration (RDA) method that estimates the dynamic heritabilities of drug response. The prize goes a long way to cultivate transgenerational capacity and broader cognizance of the concept and practice of responsible innovation as an important criterion of 21(st) century omics science and personalized medicine. A new call is presently in place for the 2016 PRACP Werner Kalow prize. Nominations can be made in support of an exceptional individual interdisciplinary scholar, or alternatively, an entire research team, from any region in the world with a record of highly innovative contributions to global omics science and/or personalized medicine, in the spirit of responsible innovation. The application process is straightforward, requiring a signed, 1500-word nomination letter (by the applicant or sponsor) submitted not later than May 31, 2015.

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the ocular pharmacokinetics, efficacy and potential endothelial toxicity of moxifloxacin (MF) after a single intracameral bolus injection of 500 µg/0.1 ml in a rabbit model., Materials and Methods: Forty-eight eyes of 24 New Zealand White Rabbits were separated into six groups, each including four rabbits. 0.1 ml of 0.5% intracameral moxifloxacin (500 µg) injection was injected to the right eyes and 0.1 ml of balanced salt solution to the left eyes (control). Aqueous humor (AH) and vitreous samples were collected at the 0.5th, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours from both eyes of group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. MF concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. These were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and mutant prevention concentrations (MPC) for frequent endophthalmitis pathogens. Electron and light microscopical evaluation of the corneas were performed., Results: Moxifloxacin reaches higher concentration than the MIC of all common endophthalmitis pathogens in the AH and exceeds the mutant prevention concentration levels for Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus viridans, flouroquinolone susceptible Coagulase-negative staphylococcus and flouroquinolone susceptible Staphylococcus aureus for 6 h. The half-life of moxifloxacin in the AH was 2.2 h. Electron and light microscopic evaluation revealed no noticeable sign of toxicity., Conclusions: Peroperative intracameral moxifloxacin injection for endophthalmitis prophylaxis is a safe and effective method in uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery.

Genetic polymorphisms in the gene that codes for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have been associated with less nitric oxide availability and with various cardiovascular diseases in humans. The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the Glu298Asp (G894T) and T(-786)C polymorphisms of the eNOS gene among neonates with respiratory distress in comparison to healthy control subjects. Fifty premature neonates with respiratory distress and 55 neonates without any respiratory problem were included in the study. Genomic DNA from all the neonates was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of eNOS gene polymorphisms was performed, and the results were compared. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding either genotype distributions or the allele frequencies for the Glu298Asp and T(-786)C polymorphisms. These results suggest that eNOS Glu298Asp and T(-786)C polymorphisms are not associated with development of respiratory distress.

Objectives: Our objectives were (1) to determine whether the drugs caffeine, losartan, omeprazole, debrisoquin (INN, debrisoquine), and quinine can be given simultaneously in low doses as a cocktail for the phenotyping of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, respectively, and (2) to design an administration schedule to give as few sampling occasions as possible., Methods: Twenty-four subjects were given oral doses of 100 mg caffeine, 25 mg losartan, 20 mg omeprazole, 10 mg debrisoquin, and 250 mg quinine on separate days. After a washout period of at least 4 days, all drugs were given simultaneously except for quinine, which was given 8 hours after the other drugs. Blood and urine samples were collected to determine parent drug and metabolite concentrations for assessment of phenotyping indices. Any difference between both single and cocktail doses was tested on a log-normal distribution., Results: The phenotypic indices of CYP1A2 (paraxanthine/caffeine in 4-hour plasma), CYP2C9 (losartan/E-3174 [metabolite of losartan] in 0- to 8-hour urine), CYP2C19 (omeprazole/5-hydroxyomeprazole in 3-hour plasma), and CYP3A4 (quinine/3-hydroxyquinine in 16-hour plasma) were not significantly changed when probe drugs were administered alone compared with together, although a tendency toward higher concentrations of losartan was seen during simultaneous administration (95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.002; P =.051). The CYP2D6 phenotypic index (debrisoquin/4-hydroxydebrisoquin in 0- to 8-hour urine) was significantly changed when drugs were given together (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.87; P =.007), indicating an inhibition of the debrisoquin metabolism. The within-subject coefficients of variation (8%-25%) were much lower than the between-subject coefficients of variation (34%-79%)., Conclusions: The administration of drugs together suggests an inhibition of debrisoquin metabolism caused by the concurrent drugs given. By separating debrisoquin from the other cocktail drugs, this method is likely to be used as a tool to phenotype the enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 with only 2 urinary collections and 2 blood-sampling occasions.

Purpose: Two ophthalmic solutions of 0.3% ciprofloxacin eye drops are available in Turkey: Ciloxan and Siprogut. A previous study by the same authors was the first to report vitreous penetration of ciprofloxacin-containing eye drops. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of drug found in the subretinal fluid by the two products following local administration., Methods: Forty-three patients undergoing conventional retinal detachment surgery received either Ciloxan (22 patients) or Siprogut (21 patients). Beginning 6 h before surgery, two drops of solution were instilled onto the operative eye every 30 min for the first 3 h and then hourly for the next 3 h. Subretinal fluid samples were collected 30 min after administration of the last dose and were assayed for ciprofloxacin levels using a method involving high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection., Results: The minimum and maximum subretinal fluid concentrations measured were 0.11 microg/mL and 0.65 microg/mL, respectively, with Ciloxan, and 0.08 microg/mL and 0.62 microg/mL, respectively wth Siprogut. There was no statistical difference between the subretinal fluid ciprofloxacin levels of the two products. The subretinal fluid drug evels attained by both products were below the minimum inhibitory concentrations of common ocular pathogens., Conclusions: Ciloxan and Siprogut can penetrate subretinal fluid. The ocular bioavailability of ciprofloxacin after local administration is equivalent for both pharmaceutical products.

Aims: To investigate the subretinal fluid (SRF) penetration of ciprofloxacin following topical, oral, and combined administration., Methods: 34 patients undergoing conventional retinal reattachment surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Twelve patients received topical ciprofloxacin, 11 patients received oral ciprofloxacin, and the other 11 patients received combined drug administration. SRF drug level was measured by using high performance liquid chromatography method., Results: The highest drug concentrations of all tested modes were attained following combined administration and lowest following topical administration (p<0.001). The SRF drug concentration following oral administration was also significantly higher than that of topical administration (p<0.001). Concentrations after oral and combined administration did not differ significantly (p = 0.217)., Conclusions: Topical ciprofloxacin can penetrate SRF. Ocular bioavailability of ciprofloxacin in SRF after oral and combined administration is equivalent.

1. In guinea-pig isolated gallbladder strips, both cyclosporine A (CyA) preparations and their vehicles (10(-7) M-4 x 10(-5) M) caused stable, long-lasting and concentration-dependent contractions. 2. Some gallbladder strips showed spontaneous rhythmic activity. CyA and its vehicles increased this rhythmic activity. Furthermore, they elicited rhythmic activity in the strips that did not show any spontaneous rhythmic activity. 3. Bosentan (10(-5) M) and verapamil (10(-5) M) partly but significantly inhibited the contractions due to CyA preparations and their vehicles except the effect of verapamil on Labrafil-induced contraction. 4. Neither parenteral and oral solutions of CyA nor their vehicles caused any contractile response on the sphincter of Oddi preparations.