Search

Postcolonial literature has emerged as a significant field in recent decades, sparking exploration across various disciplines, notably in translation studies. Translation within the context of postcolonial literature involves assessing decisions made in the light of resistance against colonial cultural impositions. This has led to the development of postcolonial translation as a burgeoning area within translation studies. Chinua Achebe, a pivotal figure in postcolonial literature, has produced seminal works characterized by linguistic elements that challenge conventional norms, deliberately incorporating the "foreign" elements within ostensibly "fully English" texts. This essay primarily aims to examine the foreignization strategy proposed by Lawrence Venuti by comparing original texts with their Turkish translations, particularly those by Nazan Arıbaş Erbil. Through this analysis, the extent to which Erbil's translations maintain the foreignizing effect of the original texts will be explored. By scrutinizing linguistic decisions within the context of postcolonial literature and translation, this study seeks to shed light on the complexities and nuances of cross-cultural communication and the preservation of linguistic identity in translated works. Ultimately, the research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the translator's role in postcolonial literature and the implications of their decisions on cross-cultural communication and the preservation of linguistic identity in order to ensure an awareness.

This study examined the leaf micromorphological properties, stomatal indexes, and chlorophyll contents of 20 Turkish hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) cultivars. The cultivars examined included the ‘Acı, Allahverdi, Cavcava, Çakıldak, Foşa, Giresun melezi, Incekara, Kalınkara, Kan, Karafındık, Kargalak, Kuş, Mincane, Okay 28, Palaz, Sivri, Uzunmusa, Tombul, Yassı Badem, and Yuvarlak Badem’. The chlorophyll content was measured by a portable chlorophyll meter and the surface sections of leaves were excised by hand and all measurements were obtained by using imaging software (NIS - Elements, Version 3.00 SP5). The stomatal index per unit area (1x 104 μm2) was calculated. For scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, the dried leaves were mounted on stubs using double-sided adhesive tape. The leaf samples were coated with 12.5-15.0 nm of gold and the coated leaves were photographed using a Hitachi SU 1510 Scanning Electron Microscope. Three wax ornamentation types were found in the leaf samples (e.g., crust, smooth, and granules). The epidermal features, stomatal index, and chlorophyll quantities showed some differences among the C. avellana cultivars. The importance of stoma width and stoma length were determined for the ‘Palaz’, ‘Kuş’, ‘Yuvarlak Badem’, and ‘Yassı Badem’. The stomatal index and width and length of upper epidermis and lower epidermis were identified as distinctive properties for the ‘Allahverdi’, ‘Kargalak’, ‘Kara’, and ‘Mincane’. The chlorophyll density was identified as a distinctive feature of the ‘Sivri’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Incekara’, and ‘Acı’ cultivars. The highest correlation was found at a rate of 0.98 between ‘Okay 28’ and ‘Tombul’ while the lowest correlation was found at a rate of 0.87 between ‘Sivri’-‘Karafındık’, ‘Sivri’-‘Foşa’, and ‘Sivri’-‘Kargalak’.

Hicrî VI. asırda İslâmî ilimlerin farklı disiplinlerine dair kaleme alınan manzûm eserlerin sayısı giderek artmıştır. Nazım formunda metin üretme geleneği, İslâmî ilimlerin pek çok alanında olduğu gibi resmü’l-mushaf sahasında da tedris faaliyetlerini kolaylaştırmaya yönelik olarak zengin sayılabilecek bir literatür şeklinde tezahür etmiştir. Nitekim İslâm eğitim tarihinde pek çok eser ezber olgusunun eğitim-öğretimin bir parçası olduğu kabulüyle ezberlenegelmiştir. Bu manzûm telifâtın önemli ürünlerinden biri de Ebû Muhammed Kâsım b. Fîrruh eş-Şâtıbî’nin (ö. 590/1194) kaleme aldığı ‘Akîletü etrâbi’l-kasâid fî esne’l-mekâsıd adlı çalışmadır. Hz. Osman dönemi istinsâh faaliyetlerinin resmü’l-mushaf ilmi açısından ne derece ehemmiyet arz ettiğini ‘Akîletü etrâbi’l-kasâid fî esne’l-mekâsıd başta olmak üzere pek çok eser ortaya koymaktadır. Gerek telaffuzu gerekse imlâsı açısından Kur’ân kelimelerinin günümüze salimen ulaştırılması adına gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan biri olan bu eser, üzerinde önemli bir şerh geleneğinin teşekkül etmesi itibarıyla incelenmeyi ziyadesiyle hak etmektedir. Bu makalede, Kur’ân metninin telaffuzu ve imlâsı üzerine telif edilen, resmü’l-mushaf ilmine yönelik olarak yürütülen tedris süreçlerinin bir parçası etrafında ezberlenegelen ‘Akîletü etrâbi’l-kasâid incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda manzûmenin asıl dayanağı olması münasebetiyle Ebû Amr ed-Dânî’nin kaleme aldığı el-Mukni‘ fî resmi mesâhifi’l-emsâr üzerinde de durulacaktır. Ayrıca ‘Akîletü etrâbi’l-kasâid’in anlaşılması için başvurulması zorunluluk arz eden şerhleri de kısaca tanıtılacaktır.

Introduction:This study aimed to construct an artificial intelligence system to detect Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) images and to test its diagnostic performance.Methods:Data were acquired between March 18-April 17, 2020. CT data of 269 reverse tran-scriptase-polymerase chain reaction proven patients were extracted, and 173 studies (122 for training, 51 testing) were finally used. Most typical lesions of COVID-19 pneumonia were la-beled by two radiologists using a custom tool to generate multiplanar ground-truth masks. Us-ing a patch size of 128x128 pixels, 18,255 axial, 71,458 coronal, and 72,721 sagittal patches were generated to train the datasets with the U-Net network. Lesions were extracted in the or-thogonal planes and filtered by lung segmentation. Sagittal and coronal predicted masks were reconverted to the axial plane and were merged into the intersect-ed axial mask using a voting scheme.Results:Based on the axial predicted masks, the sensitivity and specificity of the model were found as 91.4% and 99.9%, respectively. The total number of positive predictions has increased by 3.9% by the use of intersected predicted masks, whereas the total number of negative predic-tions has only slightly decreased by 0.01%. These changes have resulted in 91.5% sensitivity, 99.9% specificity, and 99.9% accuracy.Conclusion:This study has shown the reliability of the U-Net architecture in diagnosing typical pulmonary lesions of COVID-19 in CT images. It also showed a slightly favorable effect of the intersection method to increase the model’s performance. Based on the performance level pre-sented, the model may be used in the rapid and accurate detection and characterization of the typical COVID-19 pneumonia to assist radiologists.

Objective:In our study, it was aimed to make the chemical analysis of hardaliye products (H1 and H2), which are commercially available by different manufacturers, and to examine their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Methods:Antioxidant activity, organic acid and phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activity in Hardaliye products (H1 and H2) were determined by using 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, [liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR/MS)] and liquid microdilution methods, respectively.Results:Ascorbic acid and fumaric acid from organic acids were determined by chemical analysis of hardaliye samples by LC-HR/MS method. While ascorbic acid concentrations were 21.295 mg/L and 26.84 mg/L in H1 and H2, respectively, fumaric acid concentrations were 59.55 mg/L in H1, and 224.562 mg/L in H2. While the phenolic component with the highest concentration in H1 was resveratrol (44.57 mg/L), it was observed that the phenolic component with the highest concentration in H2 was p-coumaric acid (31.87 mg/L). In terms of antioxidant activity, diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazylfree radical scavenging activity of hardaliye samples was determined as 2.07±0.004% and 2.49±0.004% in H1 and H2, respectively. It was determined that hardaliye samples showed inhibitory effect [H1 minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC): 15.625 μg/mL, H2 MIC: S. epidermidis ATCC 49461 strains among the tested microorganisms.Conclusion:In our study, it was determined that two different commercial Hardaliye products contained very low concentrations of phenolic compounds compared to the data in the literature, and therefore it was thought that tested Hardaliye products did not show antioxidant activity.

Objective:In this study, it was aimed to compare the effects of radial-extracorporeal shockwave treatment (r-ESWT) and conventional physical therapy (PT) modalities treatments on pain, joint range of motion (ROM), functional status and walking speed in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Materials and Methods:A total of 51 patients (26 patients in the ESWT group and 25 patients in the combined PT group) diagnosed with stage 2 or stage 3 primary KOA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence staging were included in the study. ESWT protocol of 2.0 bar, 0.25 mJ/mm2 , and ten beats/sec frequency was used once a week for a total of three sessions. In the PT group, hot-pack 30 min/day, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation 30 min/day, and ultrasound 10 min/day were performed as a combination therapy for five sessions a week and in a total of three weeks. Besides, a therapeutic home exercise program was administered to both groups. The groups were assessed on days 0, 10, and 21 using the parameters of visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), joint ROM measurements, and the Timed “Up & Go” (TUG) test.Results:No statistically significant differences were determined between the groups regarding the pretreatment and 10-day and 21-day posttreatment scores, VAS, WOMAC, joint ROM, and TUG parameters (p>0.05). In intra-group evaluations, statistically significant improvements were determined when the 10-day and 21-day values of VAS, WOMAC, joint ROM, and TUG parameters were compared to the pretreatment values (p

Bu çalışmada açılan ve kapanan şirket sayıları ile muhasebe meslek mensubu olarak çalışanların sayıları arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan veri seti toplamda 71 birimlik (71 İl) yatay kesit boyutuna ve 11 dönemlik (2010¬¬- 2020) zaman boyutuna ve her seri için toplamda 781 gözlem değerine sahip bir panel veri setidir. TÜRMOB’un il düzeyinde odasının bulunmadığı 10 il (Ağrı, Ardahan, Bayburt, Bingöl, Hakkâri, Iğdır, Kilis, Siirt, Şırnak, Tunceli) çalışma kapsamı dışarısında bırakılmıştır. Seriler arasındaki yatay kesit bağımlılığı Pesaran (2004) tarafından geliştirilen CD testiyle kontrol edilmiştir. Serilere ilişkin homojenlik/heterojenlik durumları Pesaran ve Yagamata (2008) delta (Δ ̃) ve düzeltilmiş delta (Δ ̃_adj) testleriyle incelenmiştir. Serilerin durağanlık durumları, Pesaran (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Cross-sectionally Augmented Dickey Fuller (CADF) testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak ise seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki Westerlund ve Edgerton (2007) Panel Lagrange Multiplier (LM) testiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre incelenen serilerde yatay kesit bağımlılığının olduğu ve serilerin tamamının heterojen yapıda oldukları görülürken, elde edilen Westerlund ve Edgerton panel eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre ise serilerin eş bütünleşik yapıda oldukları daha açık bir ifade ile uzun dönemde beraber hareket ettikleri görülmüştür.

Although Verticillium dahliae is one of the limiting factors in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has no effective control measures, the most effective method is planting resistant cultivars. This study was carried out under controlled climatic conditions to determine the response of some economically important pepper cultivars grown in Turkey against some isolates of V. dahliae. Bafra F1, Ergenekon F1 hybrid cultivars and Sena, Sera Demre 8, Doru 16 registered domestic pepper cultivars were used in this study. V. dahliae isolates (Bisak 16, Kahramanmaraş, Karpuz-2, Karpuz-4, Kayseri) obtained from different regions and hosts and diagnosed were used as a source of inoculums. The disease severity on inoculated plants in pots were calculated according to severity of the wilting (0-5 scale) and browning of stem cut (0-3 scale). Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars in terms of susceptibility to V. dahliae isolates. According to the study results, when the leaf symptoms were evaluated, varieties resistant to wilt disease were Ergenekon F1 and Bafra F1, while Sera Demre-8 was determined as a susceptible variety. According to the browning symptoms of stem cut, while the resistant variety was Ergenekon F1, Sena was determined as the sensitive variety.

Turkish-origin people living in Germany have always been a subject of discussion, since there is a significant Turkish population that mostly immigrated in 1960’s with labor agreements. There are also other Muslim populations in Germany, such as African, Iranian, and Palestinian, however, Turkish Muslims living in Germany are the most populous migrant group in Germany and a popular target for anti-Muslim racism. This study focuses on German policies towards Islam and Muslims living in Germany. Before deeply analyzing the German Federal Government’s policy on Islam, there is a discussion about the kind of Islam that would be appreciated by Germany. Accordingly, an evaluation of the perception of Islam in Germany using the example Muslim Turks in Germany follows. Meanwhile, in the subsequent section, there is a discussion about the German Islam Conference and its outputs. The German Islam Conference is one of German politicians’ important projects for the integration of Muslims into Germany. In order to understand what Germany really wants to attain, either the empowerment or the assimilation of Muslims, the study focuses on discourse and aims to shed light on the current situation of the perception of Islam in Germany, as well as how Turks are affected by this discourse.

Introduction:Disability and decrease in the quality of life owing to the nature of schizophrenia are considered factors that predispose patients to parasitic infections. This study aimed to investigate intestinal parasites in schizophrenia and healthy volunteers with similar age-gender data and to contribute to the literature and/or clinical practice by determining the underlying cause of gastrointestinal complaints (such as side effects of psychiatric drugs or overlooked parasitic infection) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:This case-control study included 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy volunteers. Their stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites primarily microscopically or serologically in cases requiring differential diagnosis.Results:The overall positivity rate of intestinal parasites was 25% (15/60). The difference between the intestinal parasite detection rates, which was 36.7% (11/30) in the schizophrenia group and 13.3% (4/30) in the healthy control group, was significant (odds ratio: 3.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.04- 13.65; p

Küreselleşmeyle birlikte petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimler, ülkelerin ekonomik faaliyetlerini etkilemektedir. Çünkü petrol ekonomik kalkınma ve gelişme açısından ülkeler için oldukça önemlidir. Bazı ülkeler petrol ihracatçısı durumundayken bazıları da petrol ithal etmektedir. Dolayısıyla petrol fiyatlarındaki değişimler ülkelerin makroekonomik değişkenlerini etkilemenin yanında finansal piyasalar üzerinde de önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Son yıllarda, katılım endeksleri, yatırımcılar ve fon yöneticileri için önem kazanmıştır. Çünkü yatırımcılar, yatırım kararlarını verirken sadece makroekonomik değişkenleri dikkate almazlar bunun yanında yatırımcıların duyguları, dini hassasiyetleri, düşünceleri ve tutumları da aldıkları finansal kararları etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, ham petrol fiyatlarının katılım endeksleri üzerindeki etkilerini test etmektir. Araştırmada ham petrol fiyatlarının, katılım endeksleri üzerindeki etkileri Lee-Strazicich Birim Kök Testi ve Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi ile incelenmiş ve sonuçlar zaman serisi analiz yöntemleri ile ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre araştırmanın gerçekleştirildiği dönemlerde ham petrol fiyatlarının, Katılım -30 endeksini ve Katılım -Model Portföy endeksini etkilemediği, ancak ham petrol fiyatlarının Katılım -50 endeksini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.

In the present study, we introduce a new approach to interpolative mappings in fixed point theory by combining the ideas of Nadler [1], Karapınar et. al. [2,3], Jleli and Samet [4]. We introduce some fixed point theorems for interpolative single and multi-valued Kannan type and Reich Rus Ciric type $\theta$-contractive mappings on complete metric spaces and prove some fixed point results for these mappings. These results extend the main results of many comparable results from the current literature. Also, we give an example to show that our main theorems are applicable.

Birçok ilmin tahsilinde kaynak eserlerin daha kısa ve öz olarak telifi gelenek hâlini almıştır. Mensûr eserlerden farklı bir dil kullanan didaktik manzûmeler, birçok disipline ait konuları kendine has bir üslup ve tertiple işlemesi, aynı zamanda tahsil gören öğrenciye gerekli olan bilgileri derli toplu bir biçimde bulmasına imkân sağlaması itibariyle eğitim öğretim faaliyetleri çerçevesinde önemli bir görev ifa edegelmiştir. Bilindiği üzere pek çok açıdan cazip yönleri bulunan şiirsel form, eğitim-öğretimde etkili bir iletişim ve nakil vasıtasıdır. İslâm eğitim tarihine göz atıldığında, hemen hemen her aşamadaki tedris faaliyetinde, kısa zamanda ihtiyaç duyulan bilgilerin, şiir formunun avantajlarından istifade etmek suretiyle kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu tür ürünlerin ezberlenmesi, öğrencilerin dikkatlerinin dağılmasını ve muhtemel zaman kaybını da önlemiştir. Öyle ki hafızalara aktarılan bazı manzûm eserler, medrese programlarının ana metnini teşkil etmiştir. Tecvîd bilgilerini şiirsel formda telif etme geleneği, bir bakıma eğitim öğretimde önemli yer tutan ezberleme faaliyetlerine yardımcı olmak üzere ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu itibarla tecvîd ilmi zengin bir literatüre sahiptir. Elinizdeki çalışmanın amacı, tecvîd sahasında oldukça rağbet görmüş bazı didaktik manzûm metinleri tanıtmak suretiyle tecvîd muhtevalı didaktik manzûmelerin önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede oldukça zengin bir manzûm literatüre sahip olan tecvîd konulu manzûmelerden bazı örnekler ele alınacaktır.

Objective:Melatonin (MLT) hormone has been reported to play a role in the immunopathogenesis and aetiology of many chronic inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of MLT in Behçet’s disease (BD) by determining the serum MLT levels of patients with BD.Materials and Methods:A total of 40 patients (mean age, 35.3±9.0 years; age range, 19-57 years), including 19 women and 21 men, and 40 healthy individuals, including 20 women and 20 men, matched for age and gender (mean age, 37.7±11.2 years; age range, 19-65 years) were included in this study. Serum MLT levels of the participants were determined, and their demographic data, laboratory parameters, and clinical features were recorded. Disease activity was evaluated according to the BD current activity form 2006. The relationship between disease activity and serum MLT level was examined.Results:There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics and other laboratory parameters between the groups, except for serum MLT levels and mean platelet volume values (p

Pozitif Psikoloji: Mutluluğun ve İnsanın Güçlü Yönlerinin Bilimi kitabının değerlendirilmesi.