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1. Onion Fusarium Basal Rot Disease Control by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma harzianum.

Author

Yağmur, Abdulaziz, Demir, Semra, Canpolat, Sirel, Rezaee Danesh, Younes, Farda, Beatrice, Djebaili, Rihab, Pace, Loretta, and Pellegrini, Marika

Subjects
VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, TRICHODERMA harzianum, ONIONS, FUSARIUM, PREVENTIVE medicine, COLONIZATION (Ecology), BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, WILT diseases
Abstract

Soilborne pathogens reduce 60% of the yield of onion crops. A common fungal pathogen causing wilt disease and severe losses is Fusarium basal rot (FBR). In this study, the combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) with Trichoderma harzianum was investigated against FBR. Onion samples were collected from the Ankara–Polatlı region. Among the isolates, isolate S6 was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) using morphological and molecular methods and pathogenicity tests. Different combinations of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae pure strain and the commercial AMF) and T. harzianum were inoculated on susceptible onion cultivars (Seç, Gence, and Şampiyon). The effects of the treatments on FOC biocontrol were studied under growth chamber conditions. The results showed that Şampiyon was the most resistant, while Gence was the most susceptible to basal rot disease. Different colonization rates (8.91–24%), spore densities (16.4–50.4 spore/10 g soil), and the extent to which a plant needs mycorrhizal conditions to grow to its maximum potential (i.e., mycorrhizal dependencies—18.3–51.9%) were recorded by treatment. Both single and combined applications of AMF and Trichoderma applications suppressed FOC. Suppressive effects were more pronounced when the F. mosseae pure strain was used alone (when F. mosseae was used, disease severity decreased from 90 to 68%, p < 0.05). The F. mosseae pure strain also showed the best plant growth promotion and phosphorus content release. The results indicate an interesting potential use of F. mosseae and the combination of AMF with T. harzianum in the management of FOC in onions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Soğanda Dip Çürüklüğü Hastalığı'na (Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. cepae (W.C Snyder & H.N Hansen) karşı arbusküler mikorhizal fungus(amf) ve Ttrichoderma harzianum Rifai'un etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Author

Yağmur, Abdulaziz, Demir, Semra, and Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı

Subjects
Ziraat, Agriculture
Abstract

Bu çalışmada, soğanda büyük sorun olan ve kimyasal mücadelesi olmayan Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae W.C. Snyder &H.N Hansen'nin neden olduğu dip çürüklüğü hastalığına karşı farklı arbusküler mikorhizal fungus (AMF) ve biyolojik kontrol elemanı Trichoderma harzianum'un etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle Ankara Polatlı ilçesinden toplanan soğan bitkilerinden izolasyon yapılmıştır. Hem klasik hem de moleküler teşhis yöntemleri sonucunda izole edilen fungus'un F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşaması iklim odası koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Kontrollü şartlarda yetiştirilen ve hastalığa karşı duyarlı olduğu belirlenen soğan bitkilerine iki farklı AMF izolatı (Glomus mosseae ve Ticari AMF), Trichoderma harzianum ve F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae'nin ikili ve üçlü inokulasyonları yapılmıştır. AMF türlerinin soğan bitkisindeki kolonizasyon, spor yoğunluğu ve mikorhizal bağımlılık oranları sırasıyla %8.91-%24, 16.4-50.4 spor/10 g toprak ve %18.3-%51.9 olarak belirlenmiştir. En iyi kolonizasyon, mikorhizal bağımlılık ve spor yoğunluğu sırasıyla G. mosseae + F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae ve G. mosseae uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada hastalığın baskılanması açısından AMF izolatları ve T. harzianum'un % 13.5 - % 23.5 arasında etkili olduğu ve en yüksek baskılamanın G. mosseae tarafından gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra G. mosseae'nın, bitkinin bazı morfolojik gelişim parametreleri ve besin elementi (fosfor) içeriğini genel olarak kontrol bitkilerine göre arttırdığı bulunmuştur. In the study, the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma harzianum were investigated against basal rot agent by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae W.C. Snyder &H.N Hansen which has been known as an important problem of onion with no reasonable chemical control. Firstly, isolations were made from the onion plants collected in Ankara - Polatlı district. As a result of both classical and molecular diagnostic methods, the fungus isolated has been identified as F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae.In a climate chamber under controlled conditions, two different AMF application (Glamus mosseae and commercial AMF isolate), T. harzianum and F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae were inoculated to the susceptible onion variety with different combinations (as single, double and triple). The rates of colonization, spore density and mycorrhizal dependency of AMF species on onion plants were found to be 8.91% -24%, 16.4-50.4 spore / 10 g soil and 18.3% -51.9% respectively. The best colonization, mycorrhizal dependency and spore density were determined as G. mosseae + F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae and G. mosseae applications respectively.It was found that AMF species and T. harzianum were effective by suppression of disease between 13.5% - 23.5% and the highest suppression was performed by G. mosseae. In addition, it has been found that G. mosseae increases some morphological development parameters and phosphorus content of the plant compared to control plants. 94

Published
2019

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