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Poverty analysis has often been necessary to generate new studies and publications. But for all the countries in the world, including Indonesia, poverty remains a concern. Indonesia has diverse concepts of culture, comprising of numerous tribes and traditions. Any empirical findings suggest that culture is closely correlated with customs and behaviors. It is what motivated the authors with a resource-based approach to undertake this study. This paper forms part of a series of documents created since 2010 and added fields and informants in 2018. This paper would include an overview of the behavior trends and improvements in disadvantaged households' quality of life. Besides their low wages, their eating habits are complicated due to their limited capacities. The researchers discusse “uncontrolled consumption” in this article, which exacerbates low-income families with low income. All of this directly impacts their life experience.

It is commonly accepted that educators who prepare to teach materials to meet student needs should cover all skills in English, such as speaking, listening, reading, and writing with additional grammar and vocabulary according to the level of students. Because technology has developed rapidly, educators can design technologically friendly teaching materials or textbooks for mobile phones. One recommendation is using quick response (QR) codes where students can scan and learn to listen to the audio while reading the text provided in the textbook. This activity, listening and reading simultaneously or consecutively, is called the meaning-focused input learning approach. This study used 2D out of 4D (four-D) development model by Thiagarajan (1974), namely, define and design to inform (1) the steps for embedding QR codes in the textbook and (2) to run QR code scanning systems in English textbooks. In the definition stage, the authors performed the following diagnoses: learning activities analysis, learner analysis, task analysis, and concept analysis. Meanwhile, for the design stage, the authors presented QR codes as teaching materials in textbooks compiled through the steps of free, quick, and easy applications, namely 1) converting texts to audio files using the apps Text to Speech (TTS) Free; 2) merging the audio files using Clideo; 3) uploading the audio files into Google Drive; 4) creating QR code through QR code Generator to embed into textbooks. The results of this study contribute to materials development in many ways and assist stakeholders in education, such as EFL teachers, curriculum designers, and policymakers.

Abstract Farmers in tropical Indonesia who manage agroecological systems face multiple challenges related to food security. Despite the conditions caused by climate change, these farming households have effectively utilized agroforestry to build food security. However, prolonged dry seasons pose new constraints to their livelihood strategies. This study uses a qualitative methodology and a rural farmer livelihood framework to analyze and evaluate household livelihood strategies, attitudes, and reactions to climate change. The findings show that farmers constantly modify their management techniques using flexible and adaptive decision-making processes to cope with and minimize climate change challenges. Moreover, the role of climate variation as a significant catalyst for change in farming practices is challenging to distinguish from some of the routine problems that farmers face each year. Through knowledge accumulation and adaptive management, farmers in Enrekang utilize several livelihood adaptation strategies to reduce risks in the face of changing climate conditions. In addition, farmers utilize on-farm crops to obtain various ecosystem services that provide services such as food, nutrition, and medicine and improve ecology, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. Further research is needed to understand how on-farm tree inclusion affects various biophysical properties and the rationale behind species selection.

The lack of attention given in scholarly research to the particular requirements of Public Administration has resulted in a knowledge deficit to suit students' interests in this discipline. Prior research has predominantly examined the quantitative dimensions of vocabulary acquisition while neglecting to adequately consider the qualitative aspects, including comprehension and language use, in a contextually appropriate manner. This study aims to fill in these knowledge deficits by investigating vocabulary themes or topics related to Public Administration, evaluating existing instructional approaches and challenges, and suggesting enhancements to bolster students' English language proficiency in Public Administration. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including an open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews with four lecturers and 100 first-year students from three universities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings revealed that the English for Public Administration curriculum requires a diverse vocabulary of topics from administration, management, and governance to more nuanced areas such as economics, finance, taxation, social and ethics, technology and digitalization, leadership, and regulation and law. Various teaching and assessment strategies regarding instructional methods, including interactive and collaborative methods, technology integration, and contextual learning, suggest the importance of engaging students with diverse and practically relevant content to prepare them for the multifarious nature of public sector roles. Students, however, found some challenges in the complexity of the Public Administration vocabulary, highlighting the need for tailoring educational strategies, such as project-based learning and vocabulary reinforcement techniques, to overcome these obstacles. The study's findings have substantial implications for policymakers, curriculum developers, and lecturers specializing in public administration education.

This research analyzes volunteers' perspectives on the effects of the 'Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka' (MBKM) initiative on higher education in Indonesia. The MBKM program signifies a substantial paradigm shift in Indonesia's educational policy, emphasizing a comprehensive, adaptable, and pragmatic approach to learning. The initiative aims to facilitate the transition from theoretical academic knowledge to hands-on competencies required in the workforce, promoting career advancement, experiential learning, and individual maturation. This study employs qualitative analysis of volunteer narratives to examine the perceptions, motivations, and obstacles to implementing the MBKM program. The results underscore the program's efficacy in cultivating social responsibility and community engagement, facilitating diverse and global learning opportunities, and augmenting professional and personal competencies. Nevertheless, obstacles to adjustment, obtaining resources, and managing academic obligations are also apparent. This study emphasizes the necessity for increased resources, support systems, and flexible policies to address the changing demands of education. This study enhances the scholarly conversation surrounding educational reform and volunteerism in Indonesia by providing valuable insights to inform future policy discussions and educational advancements.

This research aims to describe the changes in the natural, physical, and social environment that occur in society and their influence on language. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study are the speeches of speakers and community leaders regarding ecological and language changes in the Malay community in Riam Panjang, Kapuas Hulu. Data collection techniques were obtained through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique uses an ethnographic record analysis model by grouping thematically based on research objectives. After grouping, the data were described and interpreted, then concluded according to the focus of this research. The results of this study show that the natural, physical, and social environment has changed dramatically in the last three decades. The construction of the Southern Crossing Road linking Kapuas Hulu-Sintang (and Pontianak) and Malaysia in the northern crossing was a pivotal point of change. The population's relationship with the outside world has become more intense, while the relationship with the forest, fields, and rivers has become tenuous. The Malay language has shifted. The vocabulary of farming, games, rivers, fish and fishing gear, and river transportation has been abandoned. On the other hand, the previously monolingual society became a multilingual society. This research shows that changes in the natural and social environment greatly affect the shift in community language use. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan lingkungan alam, fisik, dan sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dan pengaruhnya terhadap bahasa. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini tuturan penutur dan tokoh masyarakat berkenaan dengan perubahan ekologi dan bahasa dalam masyarakat Melayu di Riam Panjang, Kapuas Hulu. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis catatan etnografi dengan mengelompokkan secara tematik berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Setelah dikelompokkan, selanjutnya data dideskripsikan dan diinterpretasikan, lalu disimpulkan sesuai fokus penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan perubahan lingkungan alam, fisik, dan sosial terjadi drastis dalam tiga dekade terakhir ini. Pembangunan Jalan Lintas Selatan yang menghubungkan Kapuas Hulu-Sintang (dan Pontianak) serta Malaysia di lintas utara merupakan titik anjak perubahan. Hubungan penduduk dengan dunia luar semakin intens, sedangkan hubungan dengan hutan, ladang, dan sungai menjadi renggang. Bahasa Melayu mengalami pergeseran. Kosa kata perladangan, permainan, sungai, ikan dan alat tangkap, pengangkutan sungai telah ditinggalkan. Pada sisi lain, masyarakat yang sebelumnya monolingual menjadi masyarakat multilingual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan lingkungan alam dan sosial sangat memengaruhi pergeseran pemakaian bahasa masyarakat.

Effectiveness training can encourage teacher performance and knowledge management, and soft-skill competence to strengthen the relationship--this study conducted with a quantitative approach. The analysis tool uses SEM-Amos version 23. The population in this study were 18240 teachers in South Sulawesi Province. The sample was determined by accidental technique, with a sampling target of at least 100 people who filled in early. Only 236 teachers filled out the questionnaire until the specified time limit, and it was declared complete. Effectiveness training proved to encourage teacher performance improvements during the COVID-19 pandemic. This empirical evidence answers the researcher's assumptions and, at the same time, adds to the limited reference to the relationship of the conceptual framework built in this study. This study shows that practical training can encourage internal organizational development, especially in improving employees' ability to share and problem-solve to enhance teachers' skills.

The influence of social media in providing the information is undeniable in the current era. How the information is received is then processed as a helpful reference in deciding the purchase is always an exciting thing to discuss. Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), in this study, we examined how motivation arises in the form of fear if left behind or not involved in an excellent condition when consuming a product—through quantitative. Data approach collected from 231 sample people, then processed with Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS 23 through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Model Fit Testing. The study results confirm that social media content can increase fear of missing out (FOMO), encouraging consumers to make purchases. The results of this study show that purchasing decisions influenced by FOMO can provide satisfaction for consumers. Situational Determinants, namely Perceived favorability and Self-relevance can significantly influence FOMO compared to personal traits (fears, worries, and anxieties). The results of this study are in line with Self Determination Theory, where the personal motivation of consumers in making purchases will encourage the creation of satisfaction.

Ethnic rivalry triggers competition among individuals, certain actors, and groups. Often, the competition is due to political factors while religion becomes a structural legitimacy. This paper examined how the rivalry between Malay and Dayak in West Kalimantan affected certain groups’ identity. The data of this paper were obtained through a documentation study by reviewing publications and writings on the issue of rivalry and interviews with some figures in West Kalimantan. The result concluded that the rivalry between Malay and Dayak in West Kalimantan was tight due to political factors. The two equally dominant communities have long competed since the colonial period in West Kalimantan. Today's rivalry has taken place since Indonesia's reformation in 1998 and let both groups maintain their identity, and, in some cases, lead to unclear boundaries. They do not live as neighbors but brothers. However, religion remain an essential factor amid the situation and cause the rivalry stronger. Persaingan etnis memicu persaingan antar individu, aktor tertentu, dan melibatkan kelompok. Seringkali persaingan disebabkan oleh faktor politik, sedangkan agama menjadi legitimasi struktural. Makalah ini berupaya untuk melihat bagaimana persaingan antara Melayu dan Dayak di Kalimantan Barat berimplikasi pada identitas kelompok. Data untuk makalah ini diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi dengan melihat publikasi dan tulisan tentang isu persaingan, serta wawancara dengan sejumlah tokoh di Kalimantan Barat. Kesimpulannya, persaingan antara Melayu dan Dayak di Kalimantan Barat sangat kuat karena faktor politik. Kedua komunitas yang sama-sama dominan ini telah bersaing sejak jaman penjajahan di Kalimantan Barat. Persaingan saat ini telah terjadi sejak reformasi Indonesia pada tahun 1998. Melalui kompetisi ini, masing-masing etnis Melayu dan Dayak mempertahankan identitasnya, dan dalam beberapa kasus menciptakan batasan yang kabur. Mereka ditempatkan sebagai tetangga, tetapi sebagai saudara. Namun, agama tetap menjadi faktor penting di tengah situasi ini, dan membuat persaingan keduanya semakin kuat.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE AND SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN IMPROVING THE PHARMACY OMZET. A pharmacy is a place for pharmaceutical practice of pharmacists. Apotek Pendidikan Tadulako has three functions, which are education, social and business/profit functions. The purpose of this activity is to improve the pharmaceutical care, inventory management aspects, and marketing that affect to the increasing of pharmacy omzet. The solutions offered include the adding of a variety of non-drug supplies in the form of vaccines and home care medical devices, strengthening of pharmacists role in providing plenary services in the form of CIE (Consultation, Information, Education), establishing the cooperation with other health institutions, and implementing the social media marketing (SMM) ) includes Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube. The results of these activities have an impact on increasing the omzet of pharmacy every month. The follow-up plan is the application of an integrated Management Information System (SIM) and the application of internet-based marketing techniques with a website that is an online pharmacy.

Tax is one of the sources of state revenue used to carry out development for all the people of Indonesia. One of the implementations of the tax policy is swallowing cultivation. Swallow nest business is indeed a business that can bring in a decent income. Qualitative methods used in the form of library research, data collection obtained through journals, books, magazines, documents, and the web that are relevant to an investigation — data analysis techniques based on library data on the implementation of taxes on swallow cultivation in Indonesia. Assessment is carried out by looking at the implementation of the tax collection (results, costs, ease of application) with standard taxation criteria. These criteria are related to the adequacy, equity, and convenience.

The use of the cap "Songkok Recca" is believed to have begun in the reign of the 31st Bone King named Andi Mappanyukki. The "Songkok Recca" hat used can show the social strata of the wearer. This study aims to look at public perceptions in the use of these hats associated with the social stratification of the Bugis community in Bone Regency. The study was conducted in Awangpone District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, using a qualitative approach, with a purposive sampling technique in determining informants. The method of collecting data using observation and interviews, with the number of informant’s as many as ten people. Data analysis techniques in this study are qualitative data analysis techniques. The results show that there a shift in the use of "Songkok Recca" hats today. In terms of social stratification, the use of the hat "Songkok Recca" no longer shows the degree of someone, but nowadays it is more described as a form of local wisdom of the Bugis community in Bone Regency.

The 1998 political reform was the gateway to Indonesia towards a new history in the dynamics of national politics, which could go hand in hand with bureaucratic reform. Great changes are expected in the design of life in the community, nation, and state, concerning dimensions of political, social, economic and cultural life. In order to implement the acceleration in the implementation of reforms in Indonesia well, the government implemented nine programs to reach 8 regions which were the objectives of implementing the grand design of bureaucratic reform. One form of bureaucracy reform is innovation, like e-government which has a positive impact on good governance. The journey of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia is not without dignity, facts show, a government that is still full of nuances of Corruption, collusion, and nepotism. This paper describes opportunities and obstacles to bureaucratic reform in Indonesia.

Narasi selalu ada menyertai kehidupan masyarakat, membentuk gambaran mengenai banyak hal tentang mereka. Narasi dapat menggambarkan bagaimana pikiran, harapan dan prilaku masyarakat, langsung atau tidak langsung. Narasi yang ditampilkan melalui bahasa memiliki kekuatan lebih untuk memvisualisasi kekayaan budaya penggunanya. Kehadiran istilah tertentu dalam bahasa masyarakat tertentu menunjukkan kekayaan penggunanya. Oleh karena itu, bahasa sering dilihat sebagai jendela untuk melihat sesuatu yang terdapat dalam komunitas pengguna.Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat bagaimana narasi melalui kehadiran istilah tertentu pada suku Kebahan, Melawi, yang terkait resolusi konflik. Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi di Nanga Pinoh dan sekitarnya, pada Oktober 2017, menunjukkan bahwa penutur Kebahan memiliki istilah dan narasi tentang hidup rukun. Konsep Kebahan Penyelopat, ngawa’, kritik Kerampak Kebahan, dan lain-lain, merupakan contoh bagaimana mereka mengingatkan diri tentang peran dan kedudukan mereka sebagai penyeimbang dalam masyarakat majemuk. Posisi ini terus dikukuhkan melalui pengukuhan identitas Kebahan dan penanaman kesadaran bahwa Kebahan dapat merangkul orang yang berbeda agama (Islam dan Katolik) karena mereka dapat "masuk" ke dalam suku-suku tersebut.

This article discusses the variant of Islam that lives in a multicultural society in the Sungai Ambawang area in the suburbs of Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. In the Javanese, Bugis, Malay and Madurese communities, Islam has served as an important element in the formation of their cultural identity, thus causing them to be synonymous with the Islamic community. Islamic elements that are used and have become part of the culture of society include the choice of Islamic dates such as the Hijri month in determining the time of cultural activities, the use of Al-fitihah and several other verses from the Qur’an as well as shalawat and prayer, the use of mosques as a center of cultural activities and the involvement of Islamic religious leaders in traditional ceremonies. The use of these elements has become a hallmark of the community culture and its form has been preserved until today.

This study aims to identify the implementation of bureaucratic reforms, as well as to offer several solutions for the improvement of licensing administration services. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of instrumental case study research. The location of the research was conducted at Integrated Licensing Service Agency (BP2T) in Kabupaten Bone.Teknik data collection used, namely: in-depth interviews, document studies and observation. Data are analyzed through data reduction stages, data presentation, conclusion and verification. The results showed that the implementation of bureaucratic reform in the administration of licensing services, from the Institutional aspect that the licensing service of Bone Regency has been in the form of One Stop Service; Human Resources aspects that the existing employee qualifications are not in accordance with organizational needs, discipline and responsibilities of employees is still relatively low; aspects of the System and Procedures that generally permits are completed beyond the prescribed timeframe, the existence of discrimination and inconsistency. Through this research, verification of several concepts and theories, namely formalism as one of the characteristics of prismatic society proposed by Fred W Riggs on justified in this study, which in the phenomenon the author calls it by the term "Regulation of the Tongue.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang formulasi dalam bentuk sediaan masker gel peel-off. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum polivinil alkohol sebagai pembentuk film dan propilen glikol sebagai humektan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia sediaan masker gel peel-off sari buah labu kuning, stabilitas formula optimummasker gel dan aktivitas antioksidan sediaan. Formula optimum yang didapatkan yaitu formula 1 dengan konsentrasi PVA 10% dan PG 10% kemudian dilakukan evaluasi karakteristik mutu fisik kimia dan stabilitas meliputi pengujian daya sebar, pH, viskositas dan lama pengeringan. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap minggu selama 4 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan secara statistik menggunakan metode paired sample t test. Hasil penelitian masker gel peel-off pada formula optimum menunjukkan sediaan stabil selama penyimpanan dimana tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada tiap parameter uji. Aktivitas antioksidan gel masker peel-off tergolong kuat yang dinyatakan dengan peresen peredaman formula optimum pada hari ke- 2 adalah 75,18% dan 73,37% pada hari ke- 30 setelah penyimpanan pada suhu ruang

A research has conducted about the microemulsion formulation of purified extract of red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as an antioxidant supplement with the aim to be able to know the formula to form a microemulsion which meet the physical quality stability and determine antioxidant activity (IC50) of the preparation. Extracts prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96% and then later do the purification using solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate, after it tested its antioxidant activity. Formula to form a microemulsion purified extract of red spinach leaves clear is to use virgin coconut oil (VCO) by 15%, tween 80 for 40%, 35% glycerin and 10% distilled water. Physical stability test was conducted on the organoleptic test, measuring the diameter of globules, pH test, test and test viscosity centrifugation. Test of antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH method and using Vitamin C as a positive control. Measurement data were statistically analyzed using paired samples T test. The test results of antioxidant activity microemulsion purified extracts of spinach leaves, red show IC50 values on day 1 was 1.83 ppm and the 28th day amounted to 3.71 ppm. While vitamin C microemulsion shows IC50 values on day 1 of 0.24 ppm and the 28th day of 2.51 ppm. Despite the decreased antioxidant activity, but each of the stocks included in the category of very powerful antioxidants.