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MXene quantum dots (MQDs), an emerging zero‐dimensional nanomaterial, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties. In this study, cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal methods, resulting in the functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs exhibiting intense blue fluorescence attributed to size‐dependent effects and surface defects. Furthermore, the cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs exhibit excitation wavelength‐dependent emission behavior and serve as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for Ag+ detection with an impressive low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 μM. Moreover, they demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in determining Ag+. This study presents a novel approach for the detection of Ag+ and highlights the immense potential of cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs in environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats, tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) play a crucial role in understanding malicious activities, providing a fine-grained perspective on the status of cybersecurity, and comprehensively illustrating cyber attack behaviors. Despite significant research efforts in the field of automated identification and extraction of TTPs, a comprehensive systematic review is currently lacking. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the progress in this area by employing three principal approaches : traditional natural language processing, machine learning, and large language models. The study categorizes the tasks into information extraction, text classification, and text generation, and presents a summary of the general framework for identification and extraction processes. It offers a clear scope of unstructured text and TTPs, while refining the processing and analysis procedures, as well as innovative directions for each approaches. Moreover, building upon existing research, the paper identifies current challenges and proposes future research directions and development opportunities. This comprehensive survey serves as a valuable literature review to support readers in applying advanced technologies and methods for advancing research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the effectiveness of marketed drugs related to active ingredients, it is necessary to designate a more unified quality evaluation standard. Taking Nvjin Pills as an example, this study reported the development of a novel principle of analysis in traditional Chinese medicine. The core of the experiment is to prepare three batches of traditional Chinese medicine reference drugs by high‐quality Chinese materia medica. The active ingredients identified in the herbal formula including glycyrrhizic acid, cinnamaldehyde, paeonol, baicalin, hesperidin, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid were analyzed in traditional Chinese medicine reference drugs by the high‐performance liquid chromatography method combined with wavelength switching. The simple prediction results of network pharmacological analysis verified the feasibility and reliability of the established quantitative analysis method for seven target‐focused compounds in Nvjin Pills, which were recommended as candidate indicators for quality evaluation ultimately. Using the seven target‐focused compounds as the scientific ruler, quality grade specifications of Nvjin Pills were proposed by comprehensive analysis. Accordingly, 16, 47, and 13 batches of samples were primarily graded as first grade, second grade, and unqualified grade, respectively. This study will provide a chemical basis for quality control of Nvjin Pills, which is necessary for the production process of pharmaceutical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene quantum dots (MQDs), an emerging zero‐dimensional nanomaterial, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties. In this study, cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal methods, resulting in the functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs exhibiting intense blue fluorescence attributed to size‐dependent effects and surface defects. Furthermore, the cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs exhibit excitation wavelength‐dependent emission behavior and serve as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for Ag+ detection with an impressive low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 μM. Moreover, they demonstrate exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in determining Ag+. This study presents a novel approach for the detection of Ag+ and highlights the immense potential of cysteine‐functionalized Ti3C2 MQDs in environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate femtosecond laser direct writing long period gratings (LPGs) on multicore fibers (MCFs). By adopting the line-by-line inscription technique, LPGs can be independently fabricated at arbitrary cores of the MCF without removing the coating or altering fiber positions. Theoretical and experimental analyses were conducted to assess the laser energy distribution in the MCF and the impact of LPG parameters on filtering characteristics. LPGs inscribed in different cores under the same condition exhibited good spectral consistency, with a coupling efficiency of 90% (10 dB). Fabricated LPGs with various periods achieved multi-wavelength filtering effects in a single piece of the MCF with a widely adjustable wavelength range. The femtosecond laser direct inscription technique for fabricating spatial structures in the MCF demonstrates significant potential for space-division multiplexing (SDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing filtering applications.