Search

[Purpose] The composition of protein supplements, the consumption timing immedi-ately before and after resistance exercise training (RET), and the quantity of protein supplementation may be important factors for the im-provement of muscle mass and function. Although these factors should be considered comprehensively for effective improvement of muscular function in protein supplementation, relatively few studies have focused on this area. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether a protein blend supplement before and after resistance exercise for 12 weeks would be effective in increasing muscular function. [Methods] In total, 18 participants were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLA) or protein blend supplement (PRO) group. All subjects followed the same training routine 3 times per week for 12 weeks, taking placebo or protein supplements immediately before and after each exercise session. The protein supplement consisted of 40 g of blend protein, including hydrolyzed whey protein. The RET consisted of lower body (barbell squat, dead lift, seated leg extension, and lying leg curl) and upper body (bench press, barbell rowing, preacher bench biceps curl, and dumbbell shoulder press) exercises. A repetition was defined as three sets of 10-12 times with 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). [Results] Although the PRO group had a lower protein intake in terms of total food intake than the PLA group, the mean changes in muscle circumference, strength, and exercise volume increased, especially at week 12, compared to the PLA group. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the composition and timing of protein intake are more important than the total amount.

In a double-blind, crossover, randomized and placebo-controlled trial; 28 men and women ingested a placebo (PLA), 3 g of creatine nitrate (CNL), and 6 g of creatine nitrate (CNH) for 6 days. Participants repeated the experiment with the alternate supplements after a 7-day washout. Hemodynamic responses to a postural challenge, fasting blood samples, and bench press, leg press, and cycling time trial performance and recovery were assessed. Data were analyzed by univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear models (GLM). No significant differences were found among treatments for hemodynamic responses, clinical blood markers or self-reported side effects. After 5 days of supplementation, one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press improved significantly for CNH (mean change, 95% CI; 6.1 [3.5, 8.7] kg) but not PLA (0.7 [−1.6, 3.0] kg or CNL (2.0 [−0.9, 4.9] kg, CNH, p = 0.01). CNH participants also tended to experience an attenuated loss in 1RM strength during the recovery performance tests following supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.0], CNL: −9.3 [−13.5, −5.1], CNH: −3.9 [−6.6, −1.2] kg, p = 0.07). After 5 days, pre-supplementation 1RM leg press values increased significantly, only with CNH (24.7 [8.8, 40.6] kg, but not PLA (13.9 [−15.7, 43.5] or CNL (14.6 [−0.5, 29.7]). Further, post-supplementation 1RM leg press recovery did not decrease significantly for CNH (−13.3 [−31.9, 5.3], but did for PLA (−30.5 [−53.4, −7.7] and CNL (−29.0 [−49.5, −8.4]). CNL treatment promoted an increase in bench press repetitions at 70% of 1RM during recovery on day 5 (PLA: 0.4 [−0.8, 1.6], CNL: 0.9 [0.35, 1.5], CNH: 0.5 [−0.2, 0.3], p = 0.56), greater leg press endurance prior to supplementation on day 5 (PLA: −0.2 [−1.6, 1.2], CNL: 0.9 [0.2, 1.6], CNH: 0.2 [−0.5, 0.9], p = 0.25) and greater leg press endurance during recovery on day 5 (PLA: −0.03 [−1.2, 1.1], CNL: 1.1 [0.3, 1.9], CNH: 0.4 [−0.4, 1.2], p = 0.23). Cycling time trial performance (4 km) was not affected. Results indicate that creatine nitrate supplementation, up to a 6 g dose, for 6 days, appears to be safe and provide some ergogenic benefit.

Background A number of nutritional strategies have been developed to optimize nutrient delivery prior to exercise. As a result, a number of pre-workout supplements have been developed to increase energy availability, promote vasodilation, and/ or positively affect exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks pre-workout dietary supplement ingestion with and without synephrine on blood chemistry panel.

Methods Fifty sedentary, obese women (41.6 ± 12 yrs, 35.4 ± 8 kg/ m) were assigned to diet groups based on five obesityrelated genetic variants from four genes prominently associated with obesity (FABP2, PPARG, ADRB2, ADRB3). Participants were either truly matched (T) to their diet group based on genotype (n = 28) or falsely matched (F) based on genotype (n = 22). Prescribed diets consisted of 1,500 kcal/d and included carbohydrate:fat: protein percentages of 30:25:45 (H) or 20:35:45 (L). Participants performed a supervised circuit-style resistanceexercise program four days/week and a walking program consisting of 10,000 steps/day, three days/week. Body weight and duel energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition measures were obtained at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed by MANOVA, with baseline body weight and body composition values used as covariates to normalize baseline differences between groups. Data are presented as changes from baseline at each time point, respectively. Results MANOVA revealed an overall Wilks’ Lamda time effect (p < 0.001) with no significant time by diet (p = 0.51), time × gene type (0.84), or time × diet × gene type (0.81) effects observed. Univariate analysis revealed that the exercise and diet interventions promoted significant reductions in weight (-5.36 ± 5.0 kg, p < 0.001), fat mass (-4.53 ± 3.6 kg, p < 0.001), and body fat (-2.88 ± 2.7 %, p < 0.001) with a trend toward a reduction in fat free mass (-0.65 ± 2.3 kg, p < 0.071). When baseline body weight and DXA body composition variables were used as covariates, Wilks’ Lambda time × diet (p = 0.098) tended to differ, a time × gene type interaction was observed (p = 0.011), while no differences were seen in time × diet × gene type (p = 0.18). Univariate analyses revealed some trends in time × diet changes in weight (H -2.03 ± 1.7, -3.13 ± 2.6, -4.17 ± 3.3, -4.62 ± 4.0, -4.75 ± 4.6, -4.41 ± 5.1; L -2.47 ± 1.8, -3.66 ± 2.4, -4.56 ± 3.1, -5.49 ± 3.9, -5.89 ± 4.5, -6.17 ± 4.8 kg, pq = 0.02), fat mass (H -1.53 ± 1.4, -2.67 ± 2.3, -3.63 ± 2.5, -3.73 ± 2.8, -4.14 ± 3.6, -3.95 ± 3.6; L -1.31 ± 1.6, -2.66 ± 2.2, -3.22 ± 2.5, -4.32 ± 2.9, -4.60 ± 3.0, -5.03 ± 3.7 kg, pq = 0.10), FFM (H -0.49 ± 1.2, -0.58 ± 1.5, -0.52 ± 1.8, -0.68 ± 2.4, -0.51 ± 2.2, -0.31 ± 2.3; L -0.95 ± 1.5, -0.73 ± 1.9, -1.20 ± 1.9, -0.86 ± 2.0, -1.03 ± 2.6, -0.94 ± 2.4 kg, p = 0.14), or body fat (H -0.50 ± 1.9, -1.51 ± 1.8, -2.32 ± 2.2, -2.22 ± 2.0, -2.68 ± 2.5, -2.65 ± 2.3; L -0.46 ± 1.5, -1.55 ± 2.1, -1.67 ± 2.4, -2.56 ± 2.5, -2.78 ± 2.7, -3.08 ± 3.0 %, pq = 0.13) generally in favor of the more carbohydrate restricted diet. Some trends were also seen in time × gene type changes in weight (T -2.06 ± 1.8, -2.91 ± 2.6, -3.99 ± 3.3, -4.83 ± 4.0, -5.07 ± 4.6, -5.15 ± 5.1; F -2.54 ± 1.7, -4.05 ± 2.2, -4.88 ± 2.9, -5.43 ± 3.8, -5.73 ± 4.6, -5.62 ± 5.0 kg, p = 0.20), Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Coletta et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2015, 12(Suppl 1):P16 http://www.jissn.com/content/12/S1/P16

Diagnosing insulin resistance via an OGTT can be costly and impractical. However, this information can be useful in recommending proper diet for individuals interested in losing weight. This study ...

Our aim was to examine the acute (5 h) hemodynamic (HR & BP) and hematologic profiles for a (1) Placebo (PL), (2) Creatine (CR, 5 g), (3) Creatine Nitrate (CrN; 1 g CR; 0.5 N) and (4) CrN2X (2 g CR; 1.0 g N) formula administered in a randomized, double-blind manner with 7d of washout between treatments. Participants (N=13; 22 ± 2 y) presented for testing after abstaining from exercise and fasting for 8 h. Initial unsupplemented measures (Time 0) were assessed, followed by supplement ingestion and serial sampling (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5h). Variables included heart rate, blood pressure, liver (ALP, AST, ALT), kidney (creatinine, BUN), and muscle (CK, LDH) enzymes, glucose and blood lipids. Analyses included GLM and LSD post-hoc procedures. Significant within group perturbations were noted for LDL-C (CR, PL), HDL-C (CrN, CrN2X), triglycerides (CrN2X, PL), glucose (CrN2X), creatinine (all), CK (CrN2X, PL), BUN (all), ALT (PL) over the 5h study period (all, P < 0.03). Corresponding between group differences (all, ...

Pre-workout supplements can increase energy availability and/or exercise capacity. We examined the effects of ingesting a pre-workout supplement with and without synephrine for 8w in 78 healthy, re...

We examined 28d of randomly assigned of (1) Placebo (PL), (2) Creatine (CR, 3 g), (3) Creatine Nitrate (CrN; 1 g CR; 0.5 N) and (4) CrN2X (2 g CR; 1.0 g N) on exercise performance and body composition. Participants (N=48; 21 ±3 y) presented for fasting (12h) testing after abstaining from exercise and alcohol for 48h. Performance (reps at 70% of bench press 1 RM [BP] and repeated sprints on cycle ergometer) was measured at 0 & 4 wks. Body composition (DXA) was measured at 0, 1, & 4 wks. We used GLM to examine mean change (95% CI) from baseline. While all three treatment groups significantly increased BP repetition at 4 wks, total BP lifting volume was greater at 4 wks for CrN2X (294.6 lbs; 95% CI, 196, 393) vs CrN (164.2 lbs; 95% CI, 25, 304) and PL (187.1 lbs;95% CI, 37, 336, both p=0.02). No treatment effects were observed for cycle ergometry testing (peak or mean power, fatigue slope, and total work). While no difference in fat mass were observed for any treatment group, CrN2X did augment lean mass (1.2...

This study examined whether genetic profile influences response to a diet and exercise intervention. 53 sedentary women (38±12 yrs, 80.8±13.9 kg) were randomized to a control group (C) or exercise + diet groups. Those in exercise groups performed circuit resistance-exercise (4 d/wk) and walked (10,000 steps, 3 d/wk). Diets were 1,500 kcal/d with 20:35:45 (CI), 30:25:45 (CII) or 55:30:15 (AHA) percentages of CHO:FAT: PRO. Buccal cheek swabs were obtained at baseline and analyzed for FABP2, PPARG, ADRB-79, ADRB3, and ADRB-46 genes to determine true (T) or false (F) genetic matches to higher CHO or CHO restricted diets. Body weight and DEXA body composition measurements were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wks. Data were analyzed by MANOVA and are presented as changes from baseline. An overall Wilk's Lambda time x diet (p=0.085) and time x diet x genotype (p=0.102) trend was observed. Univariate analysis revealed significant interaction trends in fat mass (C: 0.39±1.26; CI: T -6.16±5.04, F -1.58±2.22...

Pre-workout supplements can increase energy availability and/or exercise capacity. We examined the effects of ingesting a pre-workout supplement with and without synephrine for 8w in 78 healthy, resistance-trained men (22 ± 3 y). Subjects were randomly assigned to treatments of: (1) a dextrose flavored placebo (PLA); (2) a supplement containing 3.0 g beta alanine, 2 g creatine nitrate, 2 g arginine AKG, 300 mg of N-acetyl tyrosine, 270 mg caffeine, 15 mg of Mucuna pruriens (PWS) or (3) PWS + 20 mg of synephrine (PWS+S). Primary outcomes: Cognitive function (CF) via a Stroop test. Secondary outcome: Rate of readiness via a visual analogue scale (RTP-VAS). Measures were assessed at 0, 4 & 8 w. We used GLM statistical analyses covaried for age and respective baseline measures to determine mean (95% CI) change from baseline. We observed a significant increase in CF for the word test at 4 wks for PWS+S (5.64 count; 2.09, 9.19) and PLA (3.9 count; 0.39, 7.45), and 8 wks for PWS (7.55 count; 4.14, 10.97), PWS+S ...

This study examined whether genotype of some obesity-related genes (FABP2, PPARG, ADRB2-79, ADRB2-46, ADRB3) influences success to different diets while participating in an exercise program. 40 sed...

Background Consumption of tart cherry juice has been reported to effectively reduce inflammation, muscle damage, and muscle soreness following bouts of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of a powdered form of tart cherries derived from tart cherry skins prior to and following intense endurance exercise promotes similar positive results as seen with tart cherry juice consumption.

Background A number of nutritional strategies have been developed to optimize nutrient delivery prior to exercise. As a result, a number of pre-workout supplements have been developed to increase energy availability, promote vasodilation, and/ or positively affect exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of ingesting a preworkout dietary supplement with and without synephrine on energy metabolism and cardiovascular hemodynamics. Methods

Background Consumption of tart cherry juice has been reported to effectively reduce inflammation, muscle damage, and muscle soreness following bouts of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of a powdered form of tart cherries derived from tart cherry skins prior to and following intense resistance exercise promotes similar positive results as seen with tart cherry juice consumption.

Background A number of nutritional strategies have been developed to optimize nutrient delivery prior to exercise. As a result, a number of pre-workout supplements have been developed to increase energy availability, promote vasodilation, and/ or positively affect exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of ingesting a preworkout dietary supplement with and without synephrine on cognitive function, perceptions of readiness to perform, and exercise performance.

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether a CI survey could predict response to an OGTT. 108 women (31.6±13 yr, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75 g OGTT in which glucose samples and perceptions of CI symptoms were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with OGTT glucose AUC. Results revealed significant correlations (p

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of responses to a carbohydrate intolerance (CI) questionnaire to body composition and markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% bo...

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrat...

The fasting homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a gold standard in assessing insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether responses to a carbohydrate intolerance survey (CI) correlate to HOMA, an OGTT, body composition and/or markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2-hr OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with HOMA. Results revealed significant correlations (p

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 54 sedentary women (34±8 yrs, BMI 35±6) we...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 54 sedentary women (34±8 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, BMI 35.1±5) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with android (A) and gynoid (G) measurements were obtained. MANOVA revealed a significant time (p

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with VAT determination was obtained at 0 & 12 wks. MANOVA revealed significant (p=

Background Obesity is associated with many negative health outcomes. Diet and exercise has been shown to reduce obesity and various other factors linked to poor health. One of the major concerns is the expense of diet and exercise programs. This study compared the cost effectiveness of four popular weight loss programs and controls in terms of weight loss success and outcomes. Methods

Effects of immediate and delayed nutrient timing following resistance exercise on changes in mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in post-menopausal women participating in a weight loss program M Byrd, S Simbo, YP Jung, B Sanchez, M Cho, CW Lee, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, JM Oliver, R Dalton, B Bessire, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Koozehchian, D Khanna, K Shimkus, W Gapinsky, M Perez, J Hart, S Riechman, J Fluckey, M Greenwood, C Rasmussen, R Kreider

21 sedentary women (59.8±5 yr, 43.7±3% body fat, 31.0±3 kg/m2) followed Curves Complete® energy-restricted diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a circuit resistance-training (3 d/w...

Background The Curves fitness program involves a 30-minute circuit training program. Women interested in losing weight can also follow a weight management program. The most recent version of the weight management program involves cycling between periods of moderate calorie restriction (1,200 – 1,500 kcals/d) followed by periods of higher caloric intake (2,200 kcals/d) in an attempt to prevent long term reductions in resting energy expenditure (REE). The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the efficacy of this exercise and diet cycling program approach on weight loss, fat loss, and REE.

Background The Curves fitness program involves a 30-minute circuit resistance-training program performed 3 days/week and an optional weight management program. While initial studies have shown this program to be highly effective (Nutri Metab 6/1/23, 2009), the long-term success rates of women participating in this program remains to be examined. This study examined the long-term efficacy of women participating in the Curves program from 6 months to 8 years on weight loss and maintenance.