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Most research on Youth Intimate Partner Violence (YIPV) has focused on prevalence rates and associated factors. Less attention has been given to how victimization manifests itself in young women's lives. The aim of this paper is to further our understanding of the dynamics of violence and abuse by investigating the contextual, situational, and relational aspects of IPV among young women. We specifically ask what meanings are attributed to the abuse and what role digital media plays. Finally, to develop our understanding, we apply Johnson's typology of violence.Semi-structured interviews were performed with 33 young women from Norway and Sweden, aged 15 to 23 years old, who had all experienced some form of IPV in a heterosexual relationship. The analysis included both thematic and narrative analysis.Victimization was characterized by six overarching themes: control, humiliation, fear, sexual coercion, secrecy, and resistance. Meanings attributed to the violence include relating it to the couple's youth and the male partner's personal issues. Digital media played a central role in the victimization, but also in the women's resistance and protection. Applying Johnson's typology suggests that the violence can be understood as patriarchal terrorism.It is crucial that young people's intimate lives, in all their complexities, are acknowledged, if IPV prevention and intervention is to succeed. Researchers need to design their studies to include contextual, situational, and relational aspects. Failing to do so might result in a view of YIPV as isolated instances of conflict, overlooking its often pervasive and severe nature., Author(s): Carolina Øverlien [sup.1] [sup.2], Per Moum Hellevik [sup.1], Sibel Korkmaz [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.504188.0, 0000 0004 0460 5461, Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), , [...]

This article investigates the nature of honor-related domestic violence as experienced by 11 young female victims (aged 16-20) with non-Swedish-born parents. It examines what forms of violence are involved and how they are related to each other and looks at the differences and similarities to non-honor-related domestic violence. Qualitative, individual interviews were made with young women who, when in contact with counselors, mid-wives or social workers, said that they were living with restrictions over their social life and sexuality with some level of control imposed by another person. Accordingly, it is young women's subjective assessment of their experience which defined their inclusion in this study. The analysis has been a recursive process with a theory-oriented approach that uses Bourdieu's concept of symbolic violence as a theoretical lens. The participants belonged to patriarchal families in a particular cultural/religious community and lived under various types of coercive control. For the participants, the core concept of the family norms was twofold: honor and firm demands for chastity. There was a strong link between the restrictions they experienced and their vulnerability to various forms of violence, alongside accounts of strong emotional ties between father and daughter, in most cases. The participants' scope for action was affected irrespective of they were physically abused or not. The findings contribute to an initial understanding of how nonviolent controlling behaviors affect young women's scope for action and highlight daughters' vulnerable situation in a patriarchal family., Author(s): Siv-Britt Björktomta [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 1936 9457, grid.8993.b, CESAR - Centre for Social Work, Uppsala University, , Uppsala, Sweden Introduction Domestic Violence: Honor-Based Violence Domestic violence, [...]

Concentrating on L.M. Montgomery's often overlooked Anne sequel Anne of Avonlea (1909), this article interrogates the representation of Anne-asteacher, particularly focusing on the ways in which Montgomery extends this role beyond the confines of the schoolhouse. It explores the ways Anne's 'teaching' is presented to the reader as both a mode of employment and a route for her own personal development that both draws upon and extends her seemingly innate maternalism. It also examines the extent to which Montgomery's intended narrative destiny for Anne was shaped by both societal expectations of the period regarding young women, and by the conventions of the domestic romance genre itself. This article intends to encourage new evaluations and reassessment of the Anne sequels by drawing attention to the conflicting relationships between writing, paid work, and gender in this period, which both Montgomery and her protagonist were forced to overcome. Keywords: Canadian literature, L.M. Montgomery, teaching, maternalism, gender En se concentrant sur Anne of Avonlea (1909), la suite souvent negligee du roman Anne, cet article interroge la representation d'Anne en tant que professeur dans ce roman en s'interessant particulierement aux manieres dont Montgomery etend ce role au-dela des limites de l'ecole. Il explore les manieres dont 'l'enseignement' d'Anne est presente au lecteur a la fois comme activite professionnelle et comme un cheminement de son developpement personnel qui puise dans ce maternalisme en apparence inne et l'approfondit. Il examine egalement a quel point la destinee narrative prevue pour Anne par Montgomery fut formee tant par les attentes societales de la periode envers les jeunes femmes que par les conventions gouvernant le genre de la romance domestique elle-meme. Cet article a pour intention d'encourager de nouvelles appreciations et estimations des tomes suivants de Anne en attirant l'attention sur les relations conflictuelles entre l'ecriture, le travail remunere et le genre a cette periode qui ont dues etre surmontees aussi bien par Montgomery que par sa protagoniste. Mots cles: Litterature canadienne, L.M. Montgomery, enseignement, maternalisme, genre sexuel, Readers and critics alike have long considered Anne of Avonlea (1909) an inferior sequel to Anne of Green Gables (1908). Elizabeth Epperly has argued that 'as an active frolic that [...]

The authors explore the influence of social and human capital in defining the prospects of young women business owners as emerging entrepreneurial leaders. They propose a number of factors that mean many young women seeking to assume an entrepreneurial leadership role in society are insufficiently resourced in terms of their social and human capital. Such deficits have consequences for the effectiveness of their leadership potential and the development of their enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though largely debarred from public rhetorical performance as adult women, young women in the nineteenth-century US received rhetorical training and performed their original compositions before large public audiences as high school students. Their access to the academic platform stemmed in part from their politically contained position as students and “girls” in this context. But students used these opportunities to intervene in political debates and to comment on their experiences as women and students. These rhetorical interventions represent an important part of our rhetorical history, shedding light on a significant rhetorical opportunity for many young women across the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Young Women’s Group in Manchester is a ‘young women’s peer health project, run by and for young lesbian and bisexual women’, which runs an allotment as one of its activities. At a time when interest in allotments and gardening appears to be on the increase, the existence of yet another community allotment may seem unremarkable. Yet we suggest that this queer allotment poses challenges for conventional theorisations of allotments, as well as for understandings of public and private. In this article we explore how the allotment project might be understood to be intensely engaged in ‘growing intimate publics’, or what we term ‘privatepublics’. These are paradoxical intimacies, privatepublic spaces which are not necessarily made possible in the usual private sphere of domestic homes. Here we focus on the work involved in materialising the allotment, which we understand as a queer privatepublic ‘natureculture’ (Haraway, 2008) which appears as an ‘everyday utopia’ (Cooper, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EVEN THE MOST CASUAL OBSERVER Of recent popular culture is well aware of the phenomenon of the sex-saturated innocence of celebrity girl singers. They are but recent examples of the [...]

The history of childhood is written by adults and is often written about adults as well--about their hopes, their fears, and the ways in which they have sought to affect [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.08.004 Byline: Maria Wiklund (a)(b), Carita Bengs (c), Eva-Britt Malmgren-Olsson (b), Ann Ahman (a)(d) Abstract: This article aims to explore stressors experienced by Swedish adolescent girls and young women, specifically understood in relation to social context and gender theory. Interviews were conducted with 40 young Swedish women, aged 16-25 years, who had sought help at a youth health centre for stress problems. Using qualitative content analysis we identified three clusters of stressors: 'the stressors of modernity', 'the stressors of gendered orders', and 'the stressors of youth'. The results revealed that multiple and intersecting discourse-shaped stressors and demands connected to essential life spheres contribute not only to experiences of distress but also to feelings of constraint. Gendered individualism and healthism proved to be essential in understanding the young women's experienced stress. Failing social support from adults, gendered demands and responsibility taking were also illuminated. This calls for a broad contextualized and gender-sensitive approach to young women's stress and health problems. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, UmeA[yen] University, UmeA[yen], Sweden (b) Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, UmeA[yen] University, UmeA[yen], Sweden (c) Department of Sociology, UmeA[yen] University, UmeA[yen], Sweden (d) UmeA[yen] Centre for Gender Studies, UmeA[yen] University, UmeA[yen], Sweden

Byline: Carly K. Friedman (1), Elizabeth M. Morgan (2) Keywords: Social support; Sexual development; Sexual identity; Sexual communication; Sexual problems Abstract: The present study provides a comparative analysis of sexual-minority and heterosexual emerging adult women's experiences seeking support for sexual issues from parents and friends. Participants included 229 college women (88 sexual-minority women 141 heterosexual women), ranging from 18 to 25 years of age, who provided written responses to an inquiry about a time they went to friends and parents for support for a issue related to their sexuality. Responses indicated that the majority of participants had sought support from either a parent or a friend and that mothers and female friends were more likely involved than fathers or male friends, respectively. Sexual issues that participants reported discussing with parents and friends were inductively grouped into five categories: dating and romantic relationships, sexual behavior, sexual health, identity negotiation, and discrimination and violence. Issues that were discussed differed based on sexual orientation identity and the source of support (parent or friend) they did not differ by age. Participants generally perceived parents and friends' responses as helpful, though sexual-minority participants perceived both parents and friends' responses as less helpful than did heterosexual participants. Overall, results suggest both similarities and differences between sexual-minority and heterosexual young women's experiences seeking support for sexual issues from parents and friends. Author Affiliation: (1) Psychology Department, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, 35229, USA (2) Psychology Department, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725-1715, USA Article History: Registration Date: 22/10/2008 Received Date: 17/06/2008 Accepted Date: 22/10/2008 Online Date: 11/11/2008

The study analyzes 5 months of daily journal entries by young women residing in Kibera, the largest slum in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings are similar to previous findings about young women in impoverished urban environments, revealing few female support networks among this population. However, results show many supportive, one-to-one relationships between among women, indicating that poverty and socialization may impede larger networks that could otherwise occur. They also reveal flexible relationships between so-called street and non-street women as well as the use of journals to create a private space in an otherwise completely public existence. Keywords: slums; street girls; women's autobiographies; women's journals

A study is conducted among first-year college women for the role of mediated and peer norms in affecting young women's body esteem. It is observed that parent and peer norms result their lower body esteem, while norms mediated by social comparison are also related to young women's lower appearance and weight esteem.

Codependence as a relational problem that often, but not necessarily always, occurs in conjunction with familial alcoholism. Previous research has shown that various etiological factors resulting from recurring stressful circumstances experienced in childhood or adulthood may contribute to this relation. Another factor arises out of the 'submission script' that may be assumed by women living within a culture that typically promotes unequal power between women and men. To examine the prevalence of codependence and its predictors, a cross-sectional study was conducted among a population of 845 young women seeking primary health care in Mexico City. Odds ratio prevalence (ORP) was used to estimate the strength of possible association between codependence and exposure to several factors. A prevalence of 25% of codependence was found. Multivariate analysis revealed that women with a submissive cultural script were nearly eight times more likely to develop codependence than those without this programming. Other relevant factors were having a partner with probable alcohol dependence, a father with alcohol problems, physical and sexual mistreatment by a partner, and a history of emotional mistreatment. Keywords: codependence, transactional analysis, gender, culture

This article presents the results of an analysis of 7 young women's life story accounts of the experience of parental separation during adolescence. The young women took part in the Life Stories and Family Transitions Study conducted in New Zealand. The qualitative methodology used in this study allowed for an investigation of the ways that participants made sense of their experiences of parental separation within the life story. The narratives of parental separation were extracted from the interviews and analyzed for form and content. The analysis of form found that the stories progressed through a number of stages, titled 'The Early Years,' 'The Deteriorating Parental Relationship,' 'The Climax,' and 'The Aftermath.' A number of themes emerged from a process of interpretive thematic analysis. These themes were often associated with different stages of the story of separation, and were titled 'Putting Together the Pieces,' 'The Struggling Self,' and 'Self-Determination and Competency.' As participants put together the stories of separation, they considered their parents' perspectives and integrated these with their own experiences of family events, developing their own personal theories. The stories of struggle, and of personal strength and self-determination, emerge from the analysis. KEYWORDS. Divorce, offspring, young adults, narratives, adjustment to divorce

Growing up in the shadow of the women's movement dramatically influences how young women think about their life course transitions. Although prior research has examined the objective markers of adulthood, we know little about how young women themselves perceive these markers. This article examines the subjective meanings of the transition to adulthood among 42 young women who were part of the Youth Development Study. While interviewees saw becoming a parent and becoming financially independent as reflecting an adult orientation, completing schooling was tied to class-differentiated views of growing up. In addition, respondents did not see beginning full-time work and getting married as associated with growing up. Three key themes emerged as young women discussed their lives: independence/self-reliance, self-development, and uncertain. These themes suggest that young women are partially 'living feminism' (bringing aspects of feminist ideology and attitudes into their lives) as they make the transition to adulthood. Keywords: adolescence; transition to adulthood; young women; identity; life course; class differences: feminism: women's movement

While initial research supports the effectiveness of protective strategies in mitigating young people's alcohol-related harm, few studies have investigated these behaviours from a uniquely female perspective. Yet, young women consume alcohol within a social context that is distinctly different from that of young men and face risks that are specific to their gender. To explore a group of young Australian women's experiences, perceptions of risks and use of protective strategies in relation to drinking in public places, we conducted either focus groups or one-on-one telephone interviews with a total of 40 women aged 18–24 years. While young women reported substantial risks associated with drinking, they also reported using a range of protective behaviours that moderated the adverse effects of alcohol, with most of these strategies being derived from the friendship group to which the women belonged. Our findings add to the limited body of knowledge on women's insights into, and their use of protective strategies to minimise the negative consequences of alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a textual analysis of public social network site (SNS) profiles owned by young women aged between 18 and 21, many of the profiles contain representations of self which would typically be considered ‘unfeminine’. Photos of young women and their friends posed with wide open mouths and protruding tongues and images depicting drunkenness and raucousness are common. This kind of ‘laddish’ performativity by young women leaves feminists, especially those concerned with cultural representation, with a dilemma: is ‘feminist representation’ to be found in this aspect of SNS representation, in this kind of ‘symbolically inverted’ depiction of feminine bodies? Does this kind of ‘laddish’ performativity by young women function less as a rebellion against femininity and more as a kind of ‘giving in’ to a certain model of masculinity; as a ‘phallic’ form of girlhood now licensed by the patriarchy; or even an indication of ‘feminine melancholia’, predicated on the broader cultural rejection of critical feminist voices? In this article, I suggest that neither paradigms of resistance or conformity completely suffice for understanding ‘laddishness’ by young women in the context of a viewing premise of self-production, such as that we encounter with SNS material. I start by offering a possible feminist reading of ‘laddish’ body performativity by young women on SNSs, drawing from theories of the ‘grotesque body’ in representation as well as from Mulvey's psychological explanation of ‘voyeuristic’ viewing pleasure in narrative cinema. I go on to develop the concept of ‘performative shamelessness’ by young women and expand upon its possible significations in the post-feminist, neoliberal cultural landscape. Engaging in particular with McRobbie's ideas about the post-feminist era, I suggest that performative shamelessness may be one of the few options available to young women wishing to maintain a sense of self-definition in the face of intense social and cultural scrutinizing, and often sexually objectifying, gazes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Young adulthood, a time of major life transitions and risk of poor mental health, may affect emotional well-being throughout adult life. This article uses longitudinal survey data to examine young Australian women's transitions across 4 domains: residential independence, relationships, work and study, and motherhood. Changes over 3 years in health-related quality of life, optimism, depressive symptoms, stress, and life satisfaction, were examined in relation to these transitions among 7,619 young adult participants in the nationally representative Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Positive changes in mental health occurred for women moving into cohabitation and marriage, whereas reductions were observed among those experiencing marital separation or divorce and those taking on or remaining in traditionally 'feminine' roles (out of the workforce, motherhood). The data suggest that women cope well with major life changes at this life stage, but reductions in psychological well-being are associated with some transitions. The findings suggest that preventive interventions to improve women's resilience and coping might target women undergoing these transitions and that social structures may not be providing sufficient support for women making traditional life choices. Keywords: young adulthood, women, Australia, mental health, transitions

The article discusses about love and intimacy among young women takes a different perspective given their better exposure to higher education, access to better employment and cohabitation becoming an accepted norm.

Scholarship on the children of post-1965 immigrants to the USA posits that the ways in which this new second generation relates to family and the co-ethnic community has important effects on their educational achievement and socio-economic mobility. These linkages have been explained through the concept of ethnicity as social capital. Utilizing qualitative data on second generation Laotian girls participating in an ethnic specific youth project focused on social justice issues, this article evaluates this conceptualization of social capital from a critical feminist perspective. I argue that a singular focus on ethnic social relations occludes the complex life experiences of the children of immigrants. I examine the ways in which gender and generational power relations within ethnic communities, extra-familial social influence, the impact of social contexts and structural constraints, and the role of youth as generators of social capital complicates the role of ethnicity as social capital in adaptation outcomes. Keywords: Social capital; ethnicity; gender, second generation; Laotians; social justice organizations.

A qualitative approach was used to study the influence of adolescent maternal loss on identity development in 6 young women. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for recurrent themes. Three metathemes emerged from the narratives: Loss of Mother Impacts Identity, Relatedness on the Path of Identity Development, and Integration of Loss into Emergent Identity. Findings indicate that the experience of maternal loss influenced aspects of the women's identity development and initiated a need to seek new connections and redefine aspects of self in order to integrate the loss. Practical implications of these findings are presented for clinicians who work with bereaved young women.

Marked and increasing socioeconomic gradients in cigarette smoking are well established. Tracking these differentials among women requires appropriate measures of their socioeconomic position (SEP) which are equivalent across older and younger age groups. This study examines socioeconomic gradients in cigarette smoking by age among women aged 20-34, using a standard indicator of SEP (age left full-time education) and alternative indicators which take account of changes in women's educational levels across age cohorts. The study is based on a large cross-sectional British data set (n = 12 398), the Southampton Women's Survey, conducted 1998-2002. Poisson log-linear regression with adjusted variance was used to predict smoking status (ever smoked [greater than or equal to] 1 cigarette a day for 1 year, currently smoking [greater than or equal to] 1 cigarette a day, and ex-smoker--ever-smoker not currently smoking [greater than or equal to] 1 cigarette a day) in models which controlled for SEP, age and year of interview. Socioeconomic gradients in ever-smoking were marked but stable across age groups. With quitting more prevalent in the higher than lower socioeconomic groups, gradients in current smoking steepened across age groups, with significant age/SEP interactions. The socioeconomic patterning of ever, ex and current smoking was similar using both the standard and alternative measures of education, but interactions were less pronounced with the alternative measures. Socioeconomic indicators which take account of the recent and rapid increase in women's educational participation rates may provide a more reliable indication of age-related differentials in smoking status than standard measures. Nonetheless, both conventional and alternative measures point to stable socioeconomic differentials in rates of ever-smoking and widening differentials in current smoking across age groups. Our study confirms that addressing the link between socioeconomic disadvantage and tobacco use remains a major challenge for the tobacco control community. Keywords: Smoking; Women; Socioeconomic gradient; UK

This article explores constructions of risk and safety in the leisure lives of young women. Drawing upon qualitative data from two action research projects based in the north-east of England, we analyse the risk narratives of two groups of young women, one white and one South Asian, in order to ground theoretical perspectives on risk. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, we address the ways in which risk emotions, risk calculations and management strategies are perceived as embodied, temporal and spatially located, arguing that risk is also deeply embedded in social and cultural discourses around female 'respectability'. Young women share some common risk perceptions and experiences, in particular linked to male violence, many choosing to inhabit inside 'safe' spaces for leisure. What is also clear is that taking a risk can be a fun and desirable aspect of leisurely activity, 'risky' behaviour providing a way for young women to negotiate and contest dominant discourses around feminine, cultural identities. KEY WORDS embodiment / ethnicity / gender identity / leisure / risk / space

This paper presents a case study of a young woman's narrative of leaving home and her transition to adulthood. The case study is part of a larger research project about young women with an experience of an early break-up from home, through running away or being thrown out. Empirical material underlying this paper consists of a qualitative study of 12 young women that have been interviewed. The aim of the study is to understand how events like running away/being thrown out of home influences their transition to adulthood. The particular narrative demonstrates how a young woman presents and accounts for such a dramatic event as running away or being thrown out from home, and how that is understood in relation to her adulthood. A further aim is to illustrate how social services efforts are reflected in her narrative. KEY WORDS: Young Women; Being Thrown Out; Running Away; Transition; Adulthood.

The role of interpersonal sensitivity in the relation between romantic stress and depression was examined in 55 adolescent girls from an inner-city high school. Depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and chronic and episodic romantic stress were measured at two time points, 6 months apart. Interpersonal sensitivity was found to moderate the longitudinal relation between romantic stress (both chronic and episodic) and depression. In contrast, interpersonal sensitivity did not potentiate depressive responses to non-romantic interpersonal stress, suggesting particular importance of stress in the romantic domain for adolescent girls. Results indicate that girls' sensitivities to romantic relationship stress should be specifically addressed in depression prevention and intervention programs. KEYWORDS: depression; females; adolescence; romantic relationships; stress; minority.

A missing element of late-Victorian working-class and lower middle-class girl's socialization about their bodies through an examination of one particular paper aimed at this group of readers, 'The Girls' Best Friend' is addressed. A review on the changing social norms surrounding girls' bodies, resulting in confusion and contradictory messages is presented with reference to 'The Girls' Bets Friend'.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between risk and protective factors and health outcome in a sample of adult females who had been victims of child sexual abuse. Method: Both person- and variable-oriented analyses were applied to questionnaire data from a non-clinical group of women (n = 152) reporting sexual abuse during childhood. Results: Six groups with different patterns of risk and protective factors were found by cluster analysis. Two groups (Good Coping and Support Compensation) had significantly better health than expected in spite of severe abuse. Self-esteem and social support were strong predictors of health in the regression models. Conclusion: The relationships between risk and protective factors and health may be different in different groups of victims of child sexual abuse. Self-esteem was closely related to health outcome displaying the importance of this concept in clinical practice. Availability of resources seems to be more important for health outcomes than the amount of risk factors. Keywords: Child abuse; Risk factors; Health status; Social support; Self concept

This investigation examined the impact of the social construction of women on the development of disordered eating. Based on a survey completed by 394 young women from the community, self-silencing of needs and voice, the suppression of the outward expression of anger, and the internalization of the objectified gaze toward one's own body were found, in multiple regression analyses, to significantly predict scores on eating disorder measures. Together, they explain between 27% and 46% of the variance on these measures. This study supports the need to consider the development of disordered eating within the context of multiple gender-based social constructions. Keywords: eating disorders, social construction, anger expression, self-silencing, self-objectification

This qualitative study explored the motivations, meanings, functions, and consequences of self-harm for young women in urban and suburban contexts. It found that all 6 participants deliberately harmed themselves in response to traumas, family stress, and relationship problems. However, the suburban girls connected their self-harm behaviors to an overall sense of despondency, whereas the urban girls attributed these to release of unresolved anger. Key differences between the groups also emerged in the functions and consequences of their self-harm behaviors. These findings can increase social workers' capacity to respond to intentional self-injury among ethnically and socioeconomically diverse populations of young women. Keywords: self-harm; adolescent girls; distress; cultural competence

The objectification of women by our society can become internalized by women, resulting in negative psychological outcomes. Using Fredrickson and Roberts' (1997) objectification theory, we tested a model of the relationships between self-objectification and disordered eating and depressive symptoms in a sample of undergraduate women (n = 384). One postulate of self-objectification theory is that self-objectification can lead to a lack of internal awareness, which may mediate the relationship between self-objectification and restrictive eating, bulimic, and depressive symptoms. Results of structural equation modeling suggest that self-objectification has a direct relationship to restrictive eating, bulimic, and depressive symptoms. The mediational role of internal awareness was relevant for depressive symptoms but not for restrictive eating or bulimic symptoms. Depressive symptoms did, however, mediate the relationship between self-objectification and bulimic symptoms. The relevance of our findings to the understanding of objectification theory are discussed and future areas of research recommended.

Recent studies indicate that children receive considerable amounts of unwanted attention to their sexuality and appearance. This investigation explored the association between childhood unwanted sexual attention (UWSA) and current self-concept in 448 young women. The frequency of childhood UWSA was associated with poorer academic self-esteem, physical appearance self-esteem, global self-esteem, body image, and body anxiety, after controlling for child sexual abuse. Next, the role of negative emotional reactions to UWSA was explored as a potential moderator between UWSA and impact. It was hypothesized that stronger negative reactions to UWSA would increase the relationship between UWSA and poor self-concept. However, results did not support the moderating role of emotional reactions for the majority of self-concept scores. Overall findings suggest that the objective experience of childhood UWSA is damaging to women's self-esteem and body image, regardless of the subjective reactions women have to the behaviors.

Despite the popularity of mentoring programs, the relational dimension of mentoring has not been elucidated. Traditional conceptions of mentoring may exclude factors that are particularly important for women and girls, thus limiting the efficacy of mentoring programs for female adolescents. We suggest that the presence of relational qualities in the mentoring relationship (e.g., empathy, engagement, authenticity, and empowerment) strongly influences the success of mentoring in the lives of young women. In this study, we use a promising new measure of mentoring, the Relational Health Index--Mentor, to explore the impact of relational aspects of mentoring in female college students. We found that mentoring relationships high in relational qualities were associated with higher self-esteem and less loneliness. KEY WORDS: mentoring; college-age women; adolescents; relational theory.

An essay is presented on the domestic pressures of young women in Sylvia Plath's novel "The Bell Jarr" and Betty Friedan's book "The Feminine Mystique." It discusses the commonalities of Plath and Friedan as observed by various scholars including Elaine Connell, Jo Gill, and Laurie F. Leach noting how a protagonist struggles to understand her place in a world defined by media images and motherhood of passive femininity. It also explores the how postwar popular culture defined womanhood.

SPEAKING TO A GROUP OF TEACHERS assembled in Palestine (1) in 1903, Haim Nachman Bialik, the national poet of Zionism, declared that "[W]hoever does not create all of his values […]

Experiencing sexual and/or physical abuse at any point in one's life can be quite traumatic. In addition to the immediate effects of the abuse, numerous long-term consequences have been identified, including an increased risk of developing psychological disorders and attempting suicide. We sought to determine if a relationship exists between abuse experiences, attitudes about life and death, and suicidal ideation by surveying 644 college women between the ages of 18 and 24. Participants completed packets containing standardized abuse questionnaires, the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale, and the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. We concluded that abuse plays a role in how these young women think about life and death. Specifically, less repulsion by death and more repulsion by life were reported by women with more significant abuse histories. In addition, these same women endorsed higher levels of current suicidal ideation. It was also determined that women who had experienced more abuse tended to have been in therapy for longer periods of time. Implications of this study for mental health professionals working with suicidal young adults are discussed.

The article focuses on the long-term reputational harm encountered by young women from their Internet activity in the U.S. It outlines the social behavior of these women on college campuses, specifically on how they interact with each other. It examines the change of college culture over time. It also discusses the emergence of the social networking Web sites.

Female orphans are widely cited as being at risk for early marriage, early childbearing, and risky sexual behavior; however, to date no studies have examined these linkages using population-level data across multiple countries. This study draws from recent Demographic and Health Surveys from ten sub-Saharan African countries to examine the relationship between orphanhood status and measures of early marriage, early sexual debut, and teen pregnancy among adolescent girls aged 15 to 17. Results indicate that, overall, little association is found between orphanhood and early marriage or teen pregnancy, whereas evidence from seven countries supports associations between orphanhood and early sexual debut. Findings are sensitive to the use of multivariate models, type of orphan, and country setting. Orphanhood status alone may not be a sufficient targeting mechanism for addressing these outcomes in many countries; a broader, multidimensional targeting scheme including orphan type, schooling, and poverty measures would be more robust in identifying and aiding young women at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops new lines of analysis for understanding the relationships between globalisation, the imagination and emergent models of the 'girl-citizen'. It begins by outlining a new critical framework for studying globalisation that takes as its object of study not what globalisation is, but what globalisation does. Making use of Foucault's analytics of governmentality, it argues that globalisation can be usefully understood as a complex and contradictory set of movements that establish new modes of regulation over the conduct of individual citizens. It further argues that within the current global milieu, the imagination operates as part of a broader neo-liberal project of government that situates the global citizen in the role of entrepreneur of the self. For girls and young women the imagination becomes a tool for constructing and governing their gendered selves alongside idealised models of global citizenship and cosmopolitan identity. Finally, it is proposed that examining the role and effects of the imagination in 'making' and 'managing' global citizenship-subjects is vital to understanding the emergent models of girl-citizenship both within and outside schooling contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers globalisation from below by looking at young women in the context of their everyday lives. By focusing upon the cultures of youthful femininities, we aim to explore young women's relationship to the global and particularly the ways in which the products of a globalised media culture feature in their lives. In exploring young women's negotiations with cultural globalisation, we seek to illustrate the ways in which the cultural commodities of global flows may be appropriated, adapted and subverted within the texture of their everyday lives. Using empirical data drawn from ethnographic research in different geographical locations, our discussion draws attention to the significance of place in the production and appropriation of youthful femininities. We suggest that cultural studies accounts of music, television and media technologies offer ways of understanding the performance of gender in 'new times'. Furthermore, young women's participation in global media consumption across different sites indicates that many of the 'opportunities' for young women appear to exist beyond the school in the reconfigured labour and leisure patterns of late modern culture. It is our contention that exploring young women's interactions with global culture is a means of 'troubling' the more parochial understandings of gender in late modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents experience numerous changes in their transition toward adulthood which frequently go hand in hand with leaving the parental home. In Canada, the proportions of young adults who lived with their parents declined between 1971 and 1981 in accordance with the general 20th-century trend toward non-familial living arrangements for the young and the older generations. Since 1981, however, the trend has shifted and young adults are more likely to live with parents. Statistics Canada population census data are used to analyze the increasing phenomenon of young adults living at home in the 1980s and 1990s.

This article examines young women's access to two traditionally male domains, sport and science, from two perspectives. The structural approach suggests that sport and science are stratified by gender and have historically been chilly climates for women. The Critical approach argues that structure and agency are important in understanding sources of inequality, including gender. Data from the nationally representative High School and Beyond (HSB) and National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) were used to explore the relationship between involvement in sports and success in science for high school aged women. Findings suggest that sports participation provides a unique resource for young women especially with regard to science attitudes and access (course-taking). Young girls who are given an early opportunity to participate in sports may be more prepared for the male culture in science classrooms. Implications of the findings for parents, educators, coaches, and policy makers are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]