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Enhancing carrier density and increasing carrier lifetime are critical for the good performance of thin film solar cells. We apply illumination during the growth of kesterite Cu

Despite the great appeal of two-dimensional semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics, to achieve the required charge carrier concentrations by means of chemical doping remains a challenge due to large defect ionization energies (IEs). Here, by decomposing the defect IEs into three parts based on ionization process, we propose a conceptual picture that the large defect IEs are caused by two effects of reduced dimensionality. While the quantum confinement effect makes the neutral single-electron point defect levels deep, the reduced screening effect leads to high energy cost for the electronic relaxation. The first-principles calculations for black phosphorus and MoS2 do demonstrate the general trend. Using BP monolayer either embedded into dielectric continuum or encapsulated between two hBN layers, we demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the screening to reduce the defect IEs. Our analysis is expected to help achieve effective carrier doping and open ways toward more extensive applications of 2D semiconductors.

Background Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation plays a significant role in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In addition to hypermethylation, aberrant hypomethylation can result in the transcriptional activation of oncogenes in cancer, including MDS. Therefore, drugs targeting DNA hypomethylation are needed for the treatment of MDS. This study aimed to investigate whether As2S2 promoted hypomethylation by increasing DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression in MDS. Patients and methods Ten bone marrow samples from MDS patients and 3 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of the DNA methylation with a Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip. The mRNA expressions for the DNMTs in the ten MDS patients and 3 controls were compared by Q-PCR. Then, the MDS cell line SKM-1 was treated with As2S2. After 2 days of treatment, Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip was applied to analyze the changes of gene methylation status in the cells. Q-PCR and Western blot were taken to test the changes of mRNA and protein expressions for DNMTs in SKM-1 cells after treatment. Results Five hundred ninety-two abnormally hypomethylated genes were found in MDS patients compared to those in controls by Human Methylation 850K. The mRNA expressions of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) in MDS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. The IC50 value of As2S2 for SKM-1 cells was 4.97 μmol/L.Treatment with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L resulted in significant alterations in the methylation levels at 1718 sites in SKM-1 cells compared to those in the controls. Hypermethylation was observed in 1625 sites (94.58%), corresponding to 975 genes, compared to those in the controls. Finally, the expression levels of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) significantly increased in SKM-1 cells treated with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L and 4 μmoL/L. Conclusion These data show a potential clinical application of As2S2 as an innovative hypermethylation agent in MDS.

To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC). Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed. Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients’ preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05). QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.

To investigate the expressions of microRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its correlation with the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells.Thirty patients with ITP (ITP group) and 15 healthy people (control group) were enrolled．Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of six miRNAs (miR-107,miR-205-5p,miR-138-5p,miR-326,miR-1827,miR-185-5p) and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood of the two groups. Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of Th1-cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ and Th2-cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were detected by AimPlex multiple immunoassays for Flow. The expression difference of miRNAs, mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines of the two groups were compared, and the correlations of miRNAs to mRNA, Th1, Th2 cells and cytokines were analyzed in ITP group.The expressions of miRNAs（miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-326, miR-1827, miR-185-5p）and Th2-specific transcription factor GATA-3 mRNA of the patients in ITP group were significantly decreased (P0.05) as compared with those in control, while the expressions of Th1 cells and Th1-specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA and Th1-cytokines TNF-α were significantly increased (P0.05), also for the ratios of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA and Th1/Th2 cells were significantly increased (P0.05). The relative expressions of miR-107, miR-205-5p, miR-138-5p in ITP patients were negatively correlated with Th2 cells (r=-0.411, r=-0.593, r=-0.403,P0.05) and the relative expression of miR-1827 was negatively correlated with TNF-α (r=-0.390).The relative expressions of the six miRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with ITP are significantly decreased, which result in the increasing ratio of T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA, then lead to the imbalance of Th1/Th2.原发性免疫性血小板减少症患者外周血microRNAs的表达及与Th1/Th2失衡的关系.探讨原发性免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）患者外周血micoRNAs的表达量与Th1/Th2失衡的关系.纳入30例ITP患者(ITP组)及15例健康人(对照组)，采用实时定量 PCR(RT-PCR)法检测2组外周血中6种miRNA（miR-107、miR-205-5p、miR-138-5p、miR-326、miR-1827、miR-185-5p）和Th1特异性转录因子T-bet、Th2特异性转录因子GATA-3的表达水平，采用流式细胞术检测Th1、Th2细胞，AimPlex流式细胞术高通量技术检测Th1细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ以及Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-10含量。比较2组间miRNAs、mRNA、Th1、Th2细胞及其分泌的主要细胞因子的差异,分析ITP患者miRNAs与Th1、Th2细胞及其分泌的主要细胞因子的相关性.与对照组相比，ITP组miRNA（miR-107、miR-205-5p、miR-138-5p、miR-326、miR-1827、miR-185-5p）和Th2细胞特异性转录因子GATA-3的表达水平均显著降低(P0.05)；Th1细胞、Th1细胞特异性转录因子T-bet及Th1细胞因子TNF-α表达水平均显著升高(P0.05)，T-bet/GATA-3和Th1/Th2比值均显著升高（P0.05）。ITP患者miR-107、miR-205-5p、miR-138-5p相对表达量与Th2细胞均呈负相关（P＜0.05，r=-0.411； r=-0.593； r=-0.403）；miR-1827相对表达量与TNF-α呈负相关（r=-0.390）.ITP患者外周血6种miRNAs表达水平显著降低，导致T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA比值升高，Th1/Th2失衡.

To explore the relationship between the efficacy of realgar for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) and arsenic concentration in the peripheral blood of patients.In this prospective study, a total of 50 MDS-MLD patients were treated with traditional Chinese drugs containing realgar for 3 months in Xiyuan Hospital from March 2018 to January 2019. Routine blood examination as well as liver and kidney function were monitored before and after treatment. The concentration of arsenic in the peripheral blood was measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer after treatment. The correlation between clinical effect and arsenic concentration was analyzed by Spearman's method.The treatment response rate was 54%. Two patients (4% ) achieved complete remission, 50% (25 of 50) showed hematologic improvement, and 23 patients had stable disease (23% ). No disease progression was observed. Arsenic concentration in the peripheral blood ranged from 14.60 to 85.96 μg/L. Clinical efficacy was positively correlated with arsenic concentration (P0.05). The incidence of mild adverse reactions was 16%.A relatively high concentration of arsenic in the peripheral blood may improve the clinical efficacy of realgar in MDS-MLD patients.

Despite the great appeal of two-dimensional semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics, to achieve the required charge carrier concentrations by means of chemical doping remains a challenge due to large defect ionization energies (IEs). Here, by decomposing the defect IEs into three parts based on ionization process, we propose a conceptual picture that the large defect IEs are caused by two effects of reduced dimensionality. While the quantum confinement effect makes the neutral single-electron point defect levels deep, the reduced screening effect leads to high energy cost for the electronic relaxation. The first-principles calculations for black phosphorus and MoS

To investigate the relation of blood arsenic concentration (BAC) with clinical effect and safety of arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Totally 163 patients with MDS were orally treated with QHP for 2 courses of treatment, 3 months as 1 course. The BACs of patients were detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry at 1, 3, and 6 months during the treatment, and the effective rate, hematological improvement and safety in patients after treatment with QHP were analyzed. After 2 courses of treatment, the total effective rate was 89.6% (146/163), with 31.3% (51/163) of hematological improvement and 58.3% (95/163) of stable disease. The hemoglobin increased from 73.48 ± 19.30 g/L to 80.39 ± 26.56 g/L (P 0.05). Among 46 patients previously depended on blood transfusion, 28.3% (13/46) completely got rid of blood transfusion and 21.7% (10/46) reduced the volume of blood transfusion by more than 50% after treatment. The BACs were significantly increased in patients treated for 1 month with 32.17 ± 18.04 μ g/L (P 0.05). The adverse reactions of digestive tract during the treatment were mild abdominal pain and diarrhea in 14 cases (8.6%), and no patients discontinued the treatment. The BACs of patients with gastrointestinal adverse reactions were significantly lower than those without gastrointestinal adverse reactions (22.39 ± 10.38 vs. 37.89 ± 11.84, μ g/L, P

By assuming the plane-stress state in each layer, a two-dimensional elasticity model is proposed for laminated graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) beams. It is assumed that the graphene disperses uniformly in each layer but the graphene volume fraction may vary from layer to layer. For an arbitrary individual layer, the governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions are given directly from the two-dimensional elasticity theory . Then, the multi-term Kantorovich-Galerkin method is employed to build a state-space equation for the layer, in which the axial and transverse displacements are expressed as products of trial function matrix and unknown function matrix. Eventually, a global equation for the laminated beam is established by virtue of the displacement and stress continuity conditions at the interfaces. Non-dimensional displacements, stresses and natural frequencies are obtained for laminated GRC beams with different boundary conditions. The effects of graphene distribution patterns, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratios, layer fraction increments and the number of layers are examined. It is found that the laminated GRC beam with graphene distribution pattern X has the smallest deflection and largest fundamental frequency at high length-to-thickness ratios, but it has largest deflection and smallest fundamental frequency at a very low length-to-thickness ratio due to its reduced transverse shear stiffness .

The efficiencies of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{ZnSn}{\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ (CZTSe) solar cells with a narrower band gap at 1.0 eV are currently higher than those of ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{ZnSn}{\mathrm{S}}_{4}$ (CZTS), with the optimal band gap according to the Shockley-Queisser model. To understand this abnormal observation, we studied the nonradiative recombination rates induced by the deep levels of the dominant defects in CZTSe, i.e., the ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}(2+/+)$, ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}(+/0)$, and $[{\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}](+/0)$ levels. We found that the effective recombination centers in CZTS, namely, ${{\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}}^{2+}$ and ${[{\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Zn}}]}^{+}$, have much smaller carrier capture rates in CZTSe, and are less detrimental to the minority carrier lifetime and energy conversion efficiency. The smaller carrier capture rates for CZTSe can be attributed to the higher electronic transition energies, lower phonon frequencies, and weaker electron-phonon coupling effects in CZTSe compared to those in CZTS, because the large Se cations give rise to larger lattice constants and a softer lattice in CZTSe.

The karyotype is highly important for diagnosis and prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The objective of the present study was to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of patients with MDS in China. The karyotypes of 665 Chinese patients with MDS were analyzed, and it was identified that 298 cases (298/665, 44.8%) had abnormal karyotypes. Among the 298 patients with abnormal karyotypes, the 75 patients with trisomy 8 (+8) constituted the most common subset (75/298, 25.2%). The incidence of abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher in patients who were ≥51 years old compared with those

Within the framework of the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), semi-analytical solutions for buckling and free vibration analysis of graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) laminated plates are presented by the means of the multi-term Kantorovich-Galerkin method. The method begins with expanding the displacements as the products of trial and unknown functions, in which the trigonometric trial functions fulfill all the boundary conditions at two opposite edges. Then, the Galerkin technique is adopted to reduce the governing partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations, which are solved with the spectral element method (SEM). With the excitation approach, the critical buckling loads and natural frequencies are identified from the response curves and validated with the existing solutions. Then, the effects of graphene distribution pattern, graphene volume fraction, aspect ratio, thickness ratio , and shear correction factor are examined. It is interesting to find that the two uniaxial buckling loads for simply-supported square GRC laminated plates are same, which are twice of the biaxial buckling load. It is also found that the buckling mode under the uniaxial compression along the x direction for the simply-supported GRC laminated plates will change from mode (1,1) to mode (2,1) as the aspect ratio increases from 1 to 1.5.

Qinghuang Powder (, QHP), an oral arsenic, has become an effective drug in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences for many years, and the action mechanism of the compound or active ingredient As2S2 of QHP has been elucidated. Considering the relatively safety, chemotherapy-free and convenient oral profile, QHP is widely used in the clinical treatment for MDS patients, especially for elderly patients. In this review, the authors document the efficacy and safety of oral arsenic-containing compound QHP in the treatment of MDS, with a special focus on the association of efficacy of QHP with the cytogenetics, prognostic risk, DNA methylation, gene mutation, blood arsenic concentration, mechanism of action of As2S2 and the countermeasures against adverse reactions of gastrointestinal tract.

To explore the effect of Qinghuang Powder (QHP,(青黄散)combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (BPYS, 补脾益肾方) on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and determine the change of DNA methylation in MDS-RCMD patients after the treatment of Chinese medicine formula. All 308 MDS-RCMD patients were treated with QHP combined with BPYS for 2 months at least, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), primitive bone marrow cells and chromosome karyotype were chosen as the main evaluation indexes to analyze the treatment effect according to criteria from the MDS International Working Group. Then 43 bone marrow samples from 15 MDS-RCMD patients and 28 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of DNA methylation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathway analysis were applied to analyze the methylation data. The overall MDS response rate to QHP was 61.68% (190/360) including hematologic improvement-neutrophil (HI-N) or hematologic improvement-erythroid (HI-E) or hematologic improvement-platelet (HI-P). Patients with anemia had a better response rate than patients with neutropenia or thrombocypenia (55.88% vs 31.54% or 55.88% vs. 36.9%). The DNA methylation microarray analysis disclosed that 4,257 hypermethylated genes were demethylated upon the treatment with QHP and BPYS. GO analysis and Pathway analysis showed that these demethylated genes were involved in a lot of tumor-related pathways and functions. QHP combined with BPYS could effectively treat MDS-RCMD patients through hematologic improvement (HI-N, HI-P or HI-E) and PLT and RBC transfusion independence due to the demethylation, thereby providing another choice for the treatment of patients with MDS-RCMD.

The vibration excitation of the rolling mill mainly comes from the gearbox in the process of rolling strip, and the meshing excitation is the main excitation factor of the gearbox. And the gear backlash plays an important role in the meshing excitation. However, the backlash is inevitable in the process of designing the gear system. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate gear backlash to reduce the vibration amplitude of the gearbox, to improve the rolling speed and the quality of the steel strip. So, in this paper, the effect of the different variation amplitudes for the time-varying gear backlash (TVGB) on the vibration characteristics of the gear system under various mesh parameters is studied. A new formulation for calculating nonlinear damping and time varying meshing stiffness is applied in this coupling model. The results show that increasing of the load torque, the damping ratio, the system parameter or decreasing the directional rotation radius variation or kinematic transmission error caused the effects of variation amplitudes for the (TVGB) on the dynamic characteristics of the gear system to decrease. Test data from a gearbox experimental table verifies the accuracy of the model. The model is shown to be capable of simulating the mutually coupled effect between the backlash and the different parameters on the gear system. So, the new coupled model can be used as guide to select the appropriate gear backlash values for the rolling mill under different operating conditions.

The damping capacity ( Q −1 ) of cast Mg-xY (x = 1, 3, 7 wt%) binary alloys were studied in aspects of yttrium (Y) content, heat treatment and pre-deformation. The relationship between amplitude and Q −1 fitted well with the G-L dislocation damping model for all the studied alloys. With Y content increasing from 1% to 7%, the Q −1 significantly decreased from 0.15 to 0.002 in the strain range of 10 −6 ∼10 −3 , while the yield strength increased from 20 ± 2 MPa to 92 ± 4 MPa. The solid solution heat treatment (T4, 793 K × 6 h) markedly improved the Q −1 , because the movement of dislocations was impeded by more Y solute atoms as weak pinning points. The 25% pre-deformation reduced the Q −1 value of T4 treated Mg-1Y alloys by half, which may result from the increased dislocation density due to work hardening and the decreased stacking fault energy by the Y addition. Moreover, both the pre-deformation and increasing Y content extended the critical strain amplitude e c . The Mg-Y alloys exhibited promising potential for developing high-performance damping alloys based on comparing with several Mg-based damping alloys in terms of both damping capacity and strength.

Objective To measure the proportions of blood T cell subsets, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells, and other parameters in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) before and after treatment with Yiqi Tongyang Decoction (益气通阳方, YTD) to explore T cell status of patients with CITP, and to define the mechanism of action of YTD.

Background Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation plays a significant role in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In addition to hypermethylation, aberrant hypomethylation can result in the transcriptional activation of oncogenes in cancer, including MDS. Therefore, drugs targeting DNA hypomethylation are needed for the treatment of MDS. This study aimed to investigate whether As2S2 promoted hypomethylation by increasing DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression in MDS. Patients and Methods Ten bone marrow samples from MDS patients and 3 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of the DNA methylation with a Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip. The mRNA expressions for the DNMTs in the ten MDS patients and 3 controls were compared by Q-PCR. Then, the MDS cell line SKM-1 was treated with As2S2. After 2 days of treatment, Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip was applied to analyze the changes of gene methylation status in the cells. Q-PCR and Western blot were taken to test the changes of mRNA and protein expressions for DNMTs in SKM-1 cells after treatment. Results Five hundred ninety-two abnormally hypomethylated genes were found in MDS patients compared to those in controls by Human Methylation 850K. The mRNA expressions of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) in MDS patients were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. The IC50 value of As2S2 for SKM-1 cells was 4.97 μmol/L.Treatment with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L resulted in significant alterations in the methylation levels at 1718 sites in SKM-1 cells compared to those in the controls. Hypermethylation was observed in 1625 sites (94.58%), corresponding to 975 genes, compared to those in the controls. Finally, the expression levels of DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) significantly increased in SKM-1 cells treated with As2S2 at 2 μmoL/L and 4 μmoL/L. Conclusion These data show a potential clinical application of As2S2 as an innovative hypermethylation agent in MDS.

The aim of this study was to develop a model that could be used to forecast the bleeding risk of ITP based on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. One hundred ITP patients were recruited to build a new predictive nomogram, another eighty-eight ITP patients were enrolled as validation cohort, and data were collected from January 2016 to January 2019. Four demographic characteristics and fifteen clinical characteristics were taken into account. Eleven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α and TGF-β) were used to study and the levels of them were detected by using a cytometric bead array (CBA) human inflammation kit. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to optimize feature selection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to build a new predictive nomogram based on the results of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regress ion model. The application of C-index, ROC curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analyses were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the predictive model. Bootstrapping validation was used for testing and verifying the predictive model. After feature selection, cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23 and TGF-β were excluded, cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP were used as predictive factors in the predictive nomogram. The model showed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.73376–0.90 624) in training cohortn and 0.89 (95% CI 0.868, 0.902) in validation cohort, an AUC of 0.795 in training cohort, 0.94 in validation cohort and good calibration. A high C-index value of 0.66 was reached in the interval validation assessment. Decision curve analysis showed that the bleeding risk nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the possibility threshold of 16–84%. The bleeding risk model based on IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP could be conveniently used to predict the bleeding risk of ITP.

To investigate the role of regulatory B cells (Breg) in pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) and its clinical significance.A total of 40 ITP patients and 20 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The content of Breg, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression level of IL-10,TGF-β, CD40 and CD40L was detected by AimPlex Flow High Throughput Screening Technology.The of Breg cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (P0.05)，the expression levels of IL-10,TGF-β and CD40L in ITP patients were also significantly lower than those in normal controls (P0.05). The contents of Th1 cells in ITP patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P0.05), whereas the contents of Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls (P0.05).The Breg cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP.

High damping Fe–Cr alloys attract much attention for their higher damping capacity. So far, the alloying technique is of importance to achieving a higher damping capacity of the alloys; however, the effect of vanadium on the magnetomechanical hysteresis effect (MMHE) is unclear. Herein, we observed the optical microstructure and domain structures by using an optical microscope. The damping behavior was measured by an inverted torsion pendulum. The magnetostriction coefficient was measured by XRD, and the magnetic properties were measured by a vibration sample magnetometer. We demonstrate that the crystal volume of the Fe–16Cr-2.5Mo based alloys contracts due to the addition of V. In addition, the V element results in a negative volume magnetostriction of the alloys. Their ferromagnetic damping value depends on the absolute value of saturation magnetostriction coefficient, whether the saturation magnetostriction coefficient is positive or negative.

We propose a coupling model to describe the interaction between the bright and dark modes of the plasmons of a dimer composed of two orthogonal gold nano-rods (GNRs), referred to as the BDMC model. This model shows that the eigen-frequencies of the coupled plasmons are governed by Coulomb potential and electrostatic potential. With the BDMC model, the behaviors of the coupling coefficient and the frequency offset, which is a new parameter introduced here, are revealed. Meanwhile, the asymmetric behavior of two eigen-frequencies related to gap of two GNRs is explained. Using the harmonic oscillator model and the coupled parameters obtained by the BDMC model, the bright mode absorption spectra of the dimer are calculated and the results agree with the numerical simulation.

The purpose of present research was to investigate how different fertilization regimes altered soil organic nitrogen fractions and their inter-annual dynamics based on a series of long-term experiment (initiated at 1990), including: CK (non-fertilization); M (recycled pig manure); NPK (chemical fertilizer NPK); NPK + M (recycled pig manure with chemical fertilizer NPK). The results showed that soil organic nitrogen components under the different fertilization treatments presented contrastive patterns from the establishment the experiments to 2015. Generally, acid hydrolysable organic nitrogen content increased year by year. The amino acid nitrogen content under CK and NPK treatments consistently declined, although amino acid nitrogen for M and NPK+M treatments showed a increasing trend. These phenomena were probably ascribed to the utilization of soil amino acids by microbes. From 1990 to 2015, NPK treatment substantially elevated the content of acid-released ammonium nitrogen by 31.1% compared with CK (mean value across the experiment), and for the treatments using organic manure (M and NPK+M), the contents of all fractions of soil organic nitrogen increased. Notably, the increase magnitudes for NPK+M were more dramatic than those of M. These results demonstrated that combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers could more effectively elevate soil organic nitrogen, subsequently helping to improve the capacity of soil nitrogen supply and enhance the soil fertility.依托长期定位试验(从1990年开始)的4个施肥处理(CK,不施肥;M,循环猪圈肥;NPK,单施化肥;NPK+M,化肥配施循环猪圈肥),探讨了长期施肥对潮棕壤有机氮各组分的影响并揭示了其年际变化特征.结果表明: 从试验开始至2015年,不同施肥模式下各有机氮组分呈现不同的变化趋势,其中酸解有机氮基本上表现为逐年增加的趋势;M和NPK+M处理氨基酸态氮也逐年上升,而CK和NPK处理氨基酸态氮持续下降,这可能与微生物对土壤中氨基酸的利用有关.在整个试验过程中(1990—2015年的平均值),NPK处理酸解铵态氮大幅度增加,比CK增加31.1%;在施加有机肥的2个处理中(M和NPK+M)有机氮各组分均有所提高.与M相比,NPK+M处理各有机氮组分增加的幅度更加明显,这表明有机无机肥配施能有效增加土壤有机氮,进而增强土壤供氮能力,提高土壤肥力水平.

To analyze the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the patients of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).Thirty-five patients with ITP were enrolled in ITP group, while 28 healthy persons were included in control group. The expressions of IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, CD40, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 were detected by flow cytometry with aimPlex multiple immunoassay Flow.The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α in ITP group all were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), however the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors IL-4, CD40L, TGF-β and IL-10 in ITP group all were significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The expression of CD40 was not significantly different between ITP group and control group (P0.05). Expressions of TNF-α significantly related with platelet counts in both ITP group and control group (ITP group, r=0.64, P0.05; control group, r=-0.41, P0.05). However the expression of CD40, TGF-β, CD40L, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-10, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-4 significantly did not relate with platelet counts in both ITP and control group.The secretory imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines exists in the patients of ITP. The decrease of Plt regulated may be regulated by the abnormal expression of TNF-α.

In this paper, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on CFD technology in order to research the fault mechanism of mine axial fan. The method combined RANS equation and Realizable k-turbulence model realizes the three dimensional aerodynamic performance analysis of the fan impeller. Three-dimensional impeller model of axial fan was set up in three conditions which including normal, crack and blade loose, and comparing the turbulence characteristic of the three models. The research provides the theoretical basis for the fault mechanism of blade failure, and it has important reference value for fault diagnosis method based on CFD of mine axial fan.

Resuscitation with the early administration of plasma can improve the survival of patients undergoing surgery or trauma patients who require massive transfusion. To ascertain the optimal ratio of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in massive transfusions, the records of 1,048 patients who received a massive transfusion at 20 hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were stratified into three groups according to the ratio of FFP to pRBCs. These were the low (

In this paper, the correlation between the particle size and rheological properties of MRE was discussed through both experimental results and theoretical analysis. It shows that the particle size can significantly influence the magnetorheological effect by changing the initial shear modulus and the saturated magnetic-induced shear modulus . With an increase in the particle size, the initial shear modulus gets lower, and the saturated magnetic-induced shear modulus increases to the maximum and then decreases. The larger the particle size is, the longer the distance between neighbor particles along the magnetic field is. Based on the relationship between the particle size and shear modulus, there exists an optimum size for added particles. Moreover, the performance of MRE can be improved by optimizing the particle size based on those rules.

For mill gearbox fault detection problems, and puts forward combining support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm, is applied to rolling mill gear box fault intelligent diagnosis methods. The choice of parameters of support vector machine (SVM) is a very important for the SVM performance evaluation factors. For the selection of structural parameters of support vector machine (SVM) with no theoretical support, select and difficult cases, in order to reduce the SVM in this respect, puts forward the genetic algorithm to optimize parameters, and the algorithm of the model is applied to rolling mill gear box in intelligent diagnosis, using the global searching property of genetic algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) of the optimal parameter values. Results showed that the suitable avoided into local solution optimization, the method to improve the diagnostic accuracy and is a very effective method of parameter optimization, and intelligent diagnosis for rolling mill gear box provides an effective method.

The damping capacity of Fe–16Cr–2.5Mo damping alloy was analyzed using a cantilever device. The magnetostriction property was measured using an improved Michelson interferometer. The domain morphology was optically observed using a magneto-fluid. Magnetomechanical Hysteresis Effect (MMHE) was discussed by analyzing the relationship between the magnetostriction performance and the annealing process of the alloy. The results show that the variation of saturate magnetostriction coefficient is quite consistent with that of the damping capacity of the annealed samples. With the local internal stress widely distributing in the annealed alloy, both the domain’s mobility and their structure vary with the increasing annealing temperature and time. The local internal stress not only pins the domain mobility but also makes the domain structure disorder. The domain size and the number of 90° magnetic domains are responsible for the highest damping capacity of the sample annealed at 900 °C for 1 h. However, with the prolonged annealing time, the number of 90° domain decreases sharply and more heterogeneous domains appears in the alloy. The spike domains can also pin domain-walls.

Aiming at the strong background noise involved in the signals of rolling bearing and the difficulty to extract fault feature in practice, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) and AR power spectrum. Firstly, the non-stationary and complex vibration signal is decomposed into several different frequency band components through dual-tree complex wavelet decomposition; Secondly, Hilbert envelope is formed from the components which contains the fault information. Finally, the auto-power spectrum can be obtained by auto-regressive (AR) spectrum. The noise interference was eliminated effectively, and the effective signal information was retained at the same time. Thus, the fault feature information was extracted. In this paper, the fault test and the engineering practical fault data of rolling bearing were analyzed by dual-tree complex wavelet transform and AR power spectrum. The results show that the noise of the vibration signal was eliminated effectively, and the fault feature were extracted. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified.

Magnetic memory test technology is a new nondestructive testing technique, which is able to detect of the stress concentration area and potential fault of low speed and heavy load gear. Because the magnetic memory signals are easy to be disturbed by various sources of noises, a new method based on the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) is proposed to achieve the extraction of magnetic memory signal. Firstly, the magnetic memory signals are decomposed into several proper rotation components (PRC) and a trend component by ITD. Then reconstruct the first four order PRCs to eliminate the low frequency cyclic composition of magnetic memory signal and magnetic noise. Finally, the magnetic signal strengths of each gear tooth root are extracted using cycle average and local statistic method. The results of Experiments show that the method is suitable to pick up effective ingredients of signal to extract signal feature and has important application value in potential fault diagnosis of low speed and heavy load gearbox.

In order to extract the early weak fault information submerged in strong background noise of the bearing vibration signal, a delayed correlation envelope technique based on sparse signal decomposition method is proposed. This method can improve the signal to noise and extract the fault information efficiently. For the strong noise problem in the early fault, based on D-value of adjacent residual energy as the termination condition of the iterative method, reducing the noise effectively, and combine it with delayed correlation to enhance the denoising effect. The analysis results of roller bearing experimental data confirm the feasibility and validity of this method.

Experimental study was made to raise the eligibility percentage of the fuel WTD valve flow test of X engine, thus advancing the reliability of fuel distribution of the WTD valve. The spring--valve housing matching test of this paper demonstrates that the eligibility percentage is dependent not only on the spring height, but also intimately on the geometrical regularity of gain slots and return holes. The height-variable spring--valve housing matching test of this paper testifies that the eligibility percentage of spring matching vs. height has the characteristic of normal distribution, with the pre-calculated height at the normal peak. Therefore, the spring design calculation method referenced in this paper is practicable and reliable. The valve flow test shows it is improper to decide whether a spring can be used or not just on one spring--one valve housing basis. A suitable way is to match one spring to at least two to three valve housings in order to raise productivity and application of reliable springs.

In view of that the construction period of shield crossing beneath high-speed rail is apt to cause soil deformation and large differential settlement of ballastless track plate and of the long-term implications on the tunnel structure of the train cycle dynamic load in operating period, with the project of shield crossing intercity in Suzhou as example, the paper determines pre-reinforcement method before crossing project, applies numerical simulation to analyze the influence of pre-reinforcement on the tunnel itself and surrounding strata, then derives the rule of pre-reinforcement on reducing soil deformation and tunnel internal force. The research gives that grouting in main and secondary reinforcement area will apparently reduce settlement deformation , jet grouting pile controls surface deformation well and soil pre-reinforcement will reduce a lot of shield tunnel segment internal force caused by high-speed rail operation.

The graphite-filled polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate) (PU/P(MMA-BMA)) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized by sequential method. The influences of graphite particle content and size on the 60/40 PU/P(MMA-BMA) IPNs were studied. The damping properties of IPN composites were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) and cantilever beam resonance methods. The mechanical performances were investigated using tensile and hardness devices. DMA results revealed that the incorporation of graphite particles improved damping properties of IPNs significantly. The 5% graphite-filled IPN composite exhibited the widest temperature range and the highest loss factor (tan δ) when the test frequency was 1 Hz. As to the damping properties covering a wide frequency range from 1 to 3,000 Hz, the addition of graphite particles broadened the damping frequency range (Δf, where tan δ is above 0.3) and increased the tan δ value of IPNs. Among them, the composite with 7.5% graphite showed the best damping capacity. And the hardness and the tensile strength of IPN composites were also improved significantly. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

To analyze the effect of Chinese herbs used by Prof. LI Tao on peripheral blood T subsets in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by using association rules and statistical methods, thereby providing evidence for optimizing prescriptions.Data of MS inpatients and outpatients recorded by data collecting system, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were resorted. The relationship between Chinese herbs and T cell subsets were analyzed using SPSS17.0 and Aprior module in SPSS Clementine 12.0.Radix bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, and Radix Glycyrrhizae were most commonly used herbal combinations.Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae were often added. Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was associated with decreased Th1 cells (confidence level 83.78%, supportive level 36.26%). Decreased Th1 cell was associated with Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata (confidence level 71.26%, supportive level 36.26%).Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was obviously associated with decreased Th1 cells. Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, bitter orange, Atractylodes , Radix glycyrrhizae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could reduce peripheral blood Th1 subsets of MS patients and elevate Th2 subsets (all P0.01).The herbal combination of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could lower peripheral blood Th1 cells and elevate Th2 cells, and prevent the relapse of MS possibly by reducing Th1 cells and elevating Th2 cells. Especially Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata played important roles in aforesaid changes of Th1 and Th2.

To explore the effect of Qinghuang Powder (QHP,()combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (BPYS, ) on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and determine the change of DNA methylation in MDS-RCMD patients after the treatment of Chinese medicine formula.All 308 MDS-RCMD patients were treated with QHP combined with BPYS for 2 months at least, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), primitive bone marrow cells and chromosome karyotype were chosen as the main evaluation indexes to analyze the treatment effect according to criteria from the MDS International Working Group. Then 43 bone marrow samples from 15 MDS-RCMD patients and 28 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of DNA methylation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathway analysis were applied to analyze the methylation data.The overall MDS response rate to QHP was 61.68% (190/360) including hematologic improvement-neutrophil (HI-N) or hematologic improvement-erythroid (HI-E) or hematologic improvement-platelet (HI-P). Patients with anemia had a better response rate than patients with neutropenia or thrombocypenia (55.88% vs 31.54% or 55.88% vs. 36.9%). The DNA methylation microarray analysis disclosed that 4,257 hypermethylated genes were demethylated upon the treatment with QHP and BPYS. GO analysis and Pathway analysis showed that these demethylated genes were involved in a lot of tumor-related pathways and functions.QHP combined with BPYS could effectively treat MDS-RCMD patients through hematologic improvement (HI-N, HI-P or HI-E) and PLT and RBC transfusion independence due to the demethylation, thereby providing another choice for the treatment of patients with MDS-RCMD.

To measure the proportions of blood T cell subsets, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells, and other parameters in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) before and after treatment with Yiqi Tongyang Decoction (, YTD) to explore T cell status of patients with CITP, and to defifine the mechanism of action of YTD.The changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, and those of Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells in 30 patients with CITP (22 females and 8 males) were analyzed using multiparametric flflow cytometry before and after treatment with YTD for 6 months, and 26 healthy volunteers (14 males and 12 females) acted as a control. T-box expressed in T-cells (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) mRNA levels in patients and controls were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The proportions of Th1, Th17, Th22, Th1/Th2, and Th17/Treg cells increased in the peripheral blood of patients with CITP compared to those in controls before YTD therapy (P0.05). Th1 cell numbers and the Th1/Th2 ratio fell in the treated patients with CITP to approximate the values of the control group (P0.05). Th17 cell numbers and the Th17/Treg ratio also decreased in the treatment group (P0.05), but not to the levels of the controls. The number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with CITP before treatment was lower than that in the control group (P0.05), but increased after YTD treatment P0.05), but not to the level of controls. T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA levels in peripheral blood were initially higher in patients before treatment than controls (P0.05), but decreased after YTD therapy (P0.05).Imbalances in T lymphocyte levels, particularly those of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells, play important roles in the pathogenesis of CITP. YTD effificiently regulated the dynamics of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg equilibria.

Based on an 11-year fertilizer field trial (located at the lower liaohe river plain), the effects of different organic manure application rates on the accumulations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr) in surface soil (0-20 cm), and the leaching characteristic and vertical migration pattern of heavy metal have been investigated in this rainfed agro-ecosystem using undisturbed soil columns. The result showed that the content of heavy metal in surface soil was elevated with the increase of manure application. The increasing magnitude was in the order of CdCuZnCr. According to the Chinese soil quality standard (GB15618-1995), the application of manure (not exceeding 50 t · ha⁻¹) did not result in serious heavy metal pollution in the surface soil. Chromium met the Grade I , and Cu and Zn met the Grade II; whereas, Cd was almost exceeded the threshold of Grade III. The potential risk of Cd in soil should be paid more attentions in future research. According to the National water quality standard (GB/T14848-93), the Cu and Cd concentrations in leachate samples were up to the Grade II except only a few samples that fell in Grade III. Furthermore, Cr in the leachate all matched Grade I water quality standard. These results indicated long-term application of manure (not exceeding 50 t · ha⁻¹) in our site had not induced contaminant risks of heavy metals in underground water. In addition, the Cu, Zn and Cd (except Cr) in leachate all declined with the increase of soil depth, indicating the low capacity of vertical migration of heavy metal. Among the four heavy metals, Zn and Cr tended to be leached into deep soil, whereas Cu and Cd were more prone to be accumulated in surface soil.

Based on a long-term experiment in Shenyang Experimental Station, the effect of manure application on the contents and budgets of Cu, Zn and Cd in the arable soil was studied. The experiment included four treatments: no mature addition (CK), mature addition 10 t · ha⁻¹ year⁻¹(M1), 25 t · ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (M2), and 50 t · ha⁻¹ year⁻¹(M3). The result showed that Cu, Zn and Cd in soil were accumulated with manure application and prolongation of experiment, and the accumulative magnitude increased with increasing of manure application. The average annual growth rates of the heavy metals in the four treatments (CK, M1, M2, M3) were 2.83%, 6.56%, 7.54%, 8.96%; 0.03%, 3.44%, 4.53%, 6.64% and 1.51%, 8.01%, 10. 27%, 16. 08% for Cu, Zn and Cd, respectively. After six years of the experiment, the content of Cd in the M3 treatment was quite close to the threshold of Chinese Soil Quality Standard Grade III (1 mg · kg⁻¹, GB15618-1995). After 12 years of the experiment, the contents of Cu in the mature-amended treatments fell in the Chinese Soil Quality Standard Grade III, which should be paid more attention. Although the heavy metals in soil were gradually accumulated, the Cu, Zn and Cd levels in crop grain were still below the National Food Contamination Standards (GB2762-2005; GB13106-91; GB15199-94), indicating the contents of heavy metals in crop produced from contaminated soil might not exceed the corresponding standards. The contents of Cu, Zn and Cd in the straw were much greater than those in the grain. The removal of heavy metal by crop was in the order of M3M2M1CK. The average amounts of Cu, Zn and Cd annually removed from the soil in the four treatments (CK, M1, M2 and M3) were 35.68, 47.80, 63.65, 69.64; 249.14, 375.22, 375.16, 444.44, and 0.83, 1.39, 1.64, 1.66 g · ha⁻¹, respectively. The contents of heavy metals in organic manure varied in different years: the contents of Cu and Zn increased year by year, while Cd presented a decreasing trend. The average amounts of Cu, Zn and Cd annually remained in the soil in the treatments M1, M2 and M3 were 2 283.0, 5 763.7, 11585.4; 2 483.3, 6 771.4, 13 849.2 and 4.8, 13.9, 29.5 g · ha⁻¹, respectively. Since the heavy metals in organic manure markedly fluctuated in different years, the average residuals can only reflect the changing trend. Therefore, the residuals of heavy metals in the soil could be accurately predicted only according to status of manure in a given year.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) on platelet adhesion to injured endothelial cells (ECs) and platelet activation induced by injured ECs, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with aspirin (ASA,15 μg/mL) or PNS (160 μg/mL), or neither, were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL,80 mg/L) for 16 h. Platelets were then added and co-cultured with HUVECs for 5 min. Platelet adhesion to ECs, platelet CD62p expression, and HUVEC apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)·Supernatant concentration of 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxane 2 (TXB 2 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 protein expression were measured by western blotting. Results The inhibitory effect of PNS on platelet activation was similar to ASA, but the inhibitory effect of PNS on platelet adhesion to ECs was superior to ASA. PNS modulated COX-2 expression, and increased 6-keto-PGF1α concentration in HUVECs, while down-regulated COX-1 expression and decreased supernatant TXB 2 concentration in platelets. Co-culturing of injured HUVECs with platelets increased HUVEC apoptosis induced by ox-LDL compared with HUVECs cultured without platelets; ASA increased HUVEC apoptosis induced by ox-LDL when cultured without platelets, while decreased the apoptosis when co-cultured with platelets. Conclusions EC protection by ASA is closely associated with its inhibitory effect on platelet activation. PNS is superior to ASA in protecting ECs and in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured ECs, and the regulation of COX pathway in both ECs and platelets might be the underlying mechanisms of PNS.