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Salivary glycoproteins are known as an important barrier to inhibit influenza infection by presenting sialic acid (Sia) ligands that can bind with viral hemagglutination. Here, to further understand why pregnant women are more vulnerable to avian influenza virus (AIV), we investigated the alteration of protein sialylation in the saliva of women during pregnancy and postpartum, and its impact on the saliva binding affinity to AIV. Totally 1200 saliva samples were collected, the expression levels of terminal α2-3/6-linked Sia on salivary proteins were tested and validated, and the binding activities of salivary proteins were assessed against 3 strains of AIV and the H1N1 vaccine. Result showed that the expression of terminal α2-3-linked Sia in the saliva of women decreased dramatically during pregnancy compared to that of non-pregnancy control, especially for women in the second or third trimester (fold change = 0.53 and 0.37, p 0.001). And their salivary protein binding ability to AIV declined accordingly. The variation of terminal α2-3-linked Sia on salivary MUC5B and IgA was consistent with the above results. This study indicates that the decrease of terminal α2-3-linked Sia on salivary glycoproteins of pregnant women affects their binding ability to AIV, which may provide new insights into AIV prevention and control.

Glioma is a highly fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate, poor clinical treatment effect, and prognosis. We aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NDRG1 and glioma risk and prognosis in the Chinese Han population. 5 candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 558 cases and 503 controls; logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between SNPs and glioma risk. We used multi-factor dimensionality reduction to analyze the interaction of ‘SNP–SNP’; the prognosis analysis was performed by log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox regression model. Our results showed that the polymorphisms of rs3808599 was associated with the reduction of glioma risk in all participants (OR 0.41, p = 0.024) and the participants ≤ 40 years old (OR 0.30, p = 0.020). rs3802251 may reduce glioma risk in all participants (OR 0.79, p = 0.008), the male participants (OR 0.68, p = 0.033), and astrocytoma patients (OR 0.81, p = 0.023). rs3779941 was associated with poor glioma prognosis in all participants (HR = 2.59, p = 0.039) or astrocytoma patients (HR = 2.63, p = 0.038). We also found that the key factors for glioma prognosis may include surgical operation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This study is the first to find that NDRG1 gene polymorphisms may have a certain association with glioma risk or prognosis in the Chinese Han population.

The nature of a person’s motivation (whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic) is a key predictor of how committed they are to a task, and hence how well they are likely to perform at it. However, it is difficult to reliably communicate and make inferences about such fine nuances regarding another person’s motivation. Building on the social functional view of emotion and the evolutionary and psychophysical characteristics of facial expression of emotions, this research suggests that displayed enjoyment, as evidenced by the size and type of someone’s smile, can serve as a strong nonverbal signal of intrinsic motivation. Taking the perspective of both actors and observers, five studies show that people infer greater intrinsic motivation when they see others display large Duchenne (vs. small) smiles, and that actors intuit this relationship, strategically displaying larger and more Duchenne-like smiles if they have an accessible goal to signal intrinsic (vs. extrinsic or no specific) motivation.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The association between SNPs of NINJ2 and clinical index of endometrial cancer. Additional file 1: Table S2. Genotype frequencies of the SNPs and their associations with risk of endometrial cancer

Glioma is a highly fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate, poor clinical treatment effect, and prognosis. We aimed to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NDRG1 and glioma risk and prognosis in the Chinese Han population. 5 candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 558 cases and 503 controls; logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between SNPs and glioma risk. We used multi-factor dimensionality reduction to analyze the interaction of 'SNP-SNP'; the prognosis analysis was performed by log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression model. Our results showed that the polymorphisms of rs3808599 was associated with the reduction of glioma risk in all participants (OR 0.41, p = 0.024) and the participants ≤ 40 years old (OR 0.30, p = 0.020). rs3802251 may reduce glioma risk in all participants (OR 0.79, p = 0.008), the male participants (OR 0.68, p = 0.033), and astrocytoma patients (OR 0.81, p = 0.023). rs3779941 was associated with poor glioma prognosis in all participants (HR = 2.59, p = 0.039) or astrocytoma patients (HR = 2.63, p = 0.038). We also found that the key factors for glioma prognosis may include surgical operation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This study is the first to find that NDRG1 gene polymorphisms may have a certain association with glioma risk or prognosis in the Chinese Han population.

Oxidative stress is considered a key hallmark of preeclampsia, which causes the dysregulation of trophoblast cells, and it contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Emerging evidence has suggested bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) as a key regulator of oxidative stress in multiple cell types. However, whether BRD4 participates in regulating oxidative stress in trophoblast cells remains undetermined. The current study was designed to explore the potential function of BRD4 in the regulation of oxidative stress in trophoblast cells. Our data revealed that BRD4 expression was elevated in trophoblast cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide caused marked decreases in the levels of proliferation and invasion but promoted apoptosis and the production of ROS in trophoblast cells. Knockdown of BRD4, or treatment with a BRD4 inhibitor, markedly increased the levels of cell proliferation and invasion and decreased apoptosis and ROS production following the hydrogen peroxide challenge. Further data indicated that suppression of BRD4 markedly decreased the expression levels of Keap1, but increased the nuclear expression of Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2-mediated transcriptional activity. BRD4 inhibition-mediated protective effects were markedly reversed by Keap1 overexpression or Nrf2 inhibition. Overall, these results demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress injury in trophoblast cells by enhancing Nrf2 activation via the downregulation of Keap1. Our study highlights the potential importance of the BRD4/Keap1/Nrf2 axis in the modulation of the oxidative stress response in trophoblast cells. Targeted inhibition of BRD4 may offer new opportunities for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to treat preeclampsia.

Guizhi Gancao Longgu Muli Decoction can make a good effect on the insomnia under the catalogue of traditional Chinese medicine.To search the databases:Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), the China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), the Wanfang.Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included, totally including 1164 participants. After summarizing the observational index revised according to the "Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines", we found that the curative effect of the trial group is 2.29 times that of the control group in the fixed effect model which had a statistically significant difference [OR = 2.293681, 95%CI = 0.3266112-5.83]. And the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which had 7 different dimensions, including subjective sleep quality[p = 0.001 0.05], sleep latency, sleep duration[p = 0.000 0.05], habitual SE[p = 0.000 0.05], sleep disorders[p = 0.002 0.05], use of sleep medications[p = 0.000 0.05], and daytime dysfunction[p = 0.000 0.05], showed a higher scores in the trial group than the one in the control group in every dimension. The final results of the total scores in PSQI also showed a higher scores in trial group with a p = 0.000 0.05 (Test of WMD), suggest a statistically significant difference. While the adverse effects showed a lower rate in the trial group than the one in the control group under a fixed-effect model, with a p = 0.000 0.05, indicate a statistically significant difference.The efficacy and safety of GGLMD in the trial groups are better than the modern western medicine in the control groups.

// Ruiying Diao 1, * , Tao Wang 2, * , Kin Lam Fok 3, * , Xiaofeng Li 3 , Yechun Ruan 3, 4 , Mei Kuen Yu 3 , Yimin Cheng 2 , Ying Chen 2 , Hao Chen 1, 3 , Lisha Mou 1 , Xueyong Cai 1 , Yan Wang 3 , Zhiming Cai 1 , Xuhui Zeng 2 and Hsiao Chang Chan 3, 5 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China 2 Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China 3 Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China 4 Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China 5 Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hsiao Chang Chan, email: hsiaocchan@cuhk.edu.hk Xuhui Zeng, email: xuhuizeng@hotmail.com Zhiming Cai, email: caizhiming2000@163.com Keywords: CCR6, CatSper, human β-defensin-1, progesterone, sperm Received: May 26, 2017 Accepted: July 13, 2017 Published: September 05, 2017 ABSTRACT CatSper channel has been considered the principal sperm Ca 2+ channel responsible for the cytosolic Ca 2+ elevation required for various sperm functions necessary for fertilization [ 1 – 4 ]. However, the mechanism underlying the activation of CatSper channel by various physiological ligands remain incompletely understood. We have recently demonstrated the expression of C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) in sperm and Ca 2+ influx upon binding of human β-defensin 1 (DEFB1) to CCR6, which is important for sperm motility [ 5 ]. In the present study, we have demonstrated that CCR6 receptor and CatSper channel are both required for the Ca 2+ entry/current induced by physiological ligands DEFB1, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and progesterone in human sperm. CCR6 is co-localized and interacts with CatSper in human sperm. Ca 2+ influx mediated by CCR6 and CatSper is required for essential sperm functions, including motility, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction, which are impaired in infertile sperm showing reduced levels of CCR6 and CatSper. The present finding suggests a critical role of CCR6 receptor in mediating ligand-induced, CatSper-dependent Ca 2+ influx required for various sperm functions and thus male fertility.

Perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, is ubiquitously present in the environment and may detrimentally affect male reproductive health. In this study, mature human sperm were in vitro exposed to different concentrations of PFOA (0.25, 2.5 or 25 μg/ml) alone or in combination with progesterone (P4) to evaluate the toxicity and the potential mechanism of action. Exposure to high-dose PFOA (25 μg/ml) alone for 4 h caused a decline in capacity of human spermatozoa to penetrate synthetic mucus, with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, PFOA treatment (2.5 and 25 μg/ml) evoked a transient rise in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca

AIM: To compare the acceptability of Phoenurse female condom (PFC) and second-generation Femidom female condom (FC2) among Chinese women. METHODS: A randomized cross-over clinical trial was carried out in women aged 20-49 years seeking family service in Qingdao China between April and October 2013. Women were classified into two groups using a computer-generated randomized sequence. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and after using 10 of each type of female condom (FC). RESULTS: Of 290 women 247 (85.2%) believed that FC could protect against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. A total of 152 (52.5%) thought that the female condom (FC) contraceptive failure rate was higher and 107 (36.9%) thought that FC could be reused before they participated in this study. After the study 135 (46.6%) and 39 women (13.4%) would have been happy to use FC2 and PFC respectively. Significant difference was noted between PFC and FC2 for the features color lubrication and overall fit rather than length appearance smell and application method. A total of 68 (23.5%) and 140 women (49.5%) liked FC2s color and lubrication better than PFC (44 15.2%; 99 34.6%). Also 158 women (54.5%) preferred the overall fit of FC2 compared with PFC (143 49.5%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Participants did not have sufficient knowledge about the contraceptive effect and use of FC. Lubrication means the smooth degree of using FC. Length means the size of FC. Appearance means the users overall impression of the FC. (c) 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Flexible multi-state switch (FMSS) is widely used in active distribution networks. However, the medium voltage distribution network that includes FMSS requires more accurate fault detection method. To solve this problem, the application of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) in the design of FMSS fault detection methods is studied. The data of power spectrum density in the STFT spectrogram is used to define the Fault Index, Λ. The A can be used to accurately detect the fault type of FMSS in a relatively short time. In order to verify the effectiveness of this fault detection method, this paper builds a control structure for each port based on the FMSS topology and mathematical model. The FMSS model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the fault signal is analysed by STFT in MATLAB. The results show that the proposed fault detection method can accurately detect the fault type. The STFT parameters have a great influence on the fault detection result, which is studied in the parameters influence analysis.

Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Recently, an increasing number of evidences suggest that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the occurrence of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to better understand the influence of MIR17HG polymorphisms on colorectal cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Methods We recruited 514 patients with colorectal cancer and 510 healthy controls to investigate the association between polymorphisms of MIR17HG and risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese Han population. Genotyping was performed with the Agena MassARRAY platform. We used the χ 2 test to compare the distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allele and genotypes frequencies between cases and controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association under genetic models. Linkage disequilibrium between the five SNPs was assessed using the Haploview software. Results Overall analysis found that rs7336610 and rs1428 and haplotype CTAGA were significantly associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, we found rs7318578 was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in the dominant model. Stratification analysis showed that rs7336610, rs7318578, and rs1428 were also associated with rectal cancer risk. Gender stratification analysis found that rs7336610, rs7318578, rs17735387, and rs1428 were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in males. Conclusion In conclusion, this study indicated that the polymorphisms of MIR17HG were associated with colorectal cancer risk. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights into the development of colorectal cancer. Further association and functional studies are of great importance to confirm these results and to define the potential biological mechanism of colorectal cancer.

To explore knowledge and use of female condoms in China, and to compare four modes of failure between the Phoenurse female condom (PFC) and the second-generation Femidom female condom (FC2).In a randomized, crossover trial, sexually active women aged 20-49years who attended a family planning service in Qingdao, China, were recruited between April and October, 2013. A computer-generated randomized sequence was used to assign participants (1:1) to group A (used 10 PFCs followed by 10 FC2s) or group B (used 10 FC2s followed by 10 PFCs). Study investigators and participants were masked to allocation. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and after using the two types of FCs. They also kept coital logs.At baseline, 30 (10.3%) of 290 participants understood female condoms, but only 1 (0.3%) had ever used one. Total failure rates were 3.6% (420/11 578) and 2.3% (265/11 594) for PFC and FC2, respectively (P0.001). Slippage was the most common form of failure, affecting 6.9% of PFC uses and 5.0% of FC2 uses. Breakage, misdirection, and slippage were significantly more common with the PFC than with the FC2 (P≤0.002).Understanding of female condoms is poor in China. Failure is more common with the PFC than with the FC2.

This paper analyzes the system of OLAP physical examination data mining system, the concept of classification, and the nature of decision tree to define the implementation process of ID3 algorithm. Transaction data of the physical examination information management system of Xi’an Shiyou University Hospital from 2015 to 2018 are selected and prepared for cleaning and preprocessing, then the data is dimensionally reduced and transformed, to design a direct data model suitable for classification analysis. The sampling data set is classified and analyzed by ID3 algorithm, and the classification rules are extracted. Using the prediction conclusions of these classification rules, the medical examiner can quickly and scientifically predict the individual physique of each college teacher, so as to classify college teachers of different physiques, and specifically guide the teacher’s further treatment plan of exercise, diet and work. It has high reference value and promotion towards teachers’ health.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices on medical abortion of abortion service providers in rural areas of China. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study via self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 362 abortion service providers from family planning service centers (FPSC) and hospitals in rural areas of Henan Province, China, between November 2009 and May 2010. Results: Most of the providers were female (99.4%) and obstetricians/gynecologists (63.3%). The knowledge score achieved ranged from 9.4 to 78.1 points, with both the median and the mode of 56.3 points. Of the 52.2% (189/362) of providers having a preference on abortion method, 30.2% (57/189) preferred medical abortion, while 69.8% (132/189) preferred surgical abortion. In total, 50.7% (174/343) of the providers indicated the provision of medical abortion should be expanded, with the three biggest challenges in its further expansion being increased complications/failures, poor client knowledge/awareness, and problems with drug/equipment supplies. Of all the providers, 81.7% and 92.2% reported they had experience in providing medical abortion and surgical abortion, respectively. Medical abortion providers were mainly experienced in misoprostol with oral (81.8%)/vaginal (79.6%) prostaglandin (misoprostol/gemeprost). Conclusion: Knowledge on medical abortion of providers working in rural China was at a moderate level. Providers preferred surgical abortion to medical abortion. Providers have more experience in providing surgical abortion than medical abortion. Efforts should be made to overcome the perceived challenges in future expansion of medical abortion.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to broadly assess the level of knowledge, attitude and behaviors related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among unmarried female migrants in China. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted and a self-administered questionnaire was designed for collecting information on SRH including 15 items for knowledge, 8 items for attitude and some items for contraception and abortion related behaviors. Results: A total of 1690 unmarried female migrants were interviewed. Most of the respondents had less knowledge of SRH. Only one-third of respondents was aware of emergency contraceptives and could freely talk about SRH with their friends. Over one-third of respondents were not willing to come into contact with someone with AIDS or STDs. In this study, 10.4% participants had an unwanted pregnancy and 95% of them had an abortion. Multivariate analysis showed that having a boyfriend, duration of employment in city, knowledge on SRH and freely discussing SRH with peer were associated with having premarital sex among these unmarried female migrants. Conclusion: This study revealed that the unmarried female migrant was one of the most vulnerable groups concerning SRH. In some policy reforms, appropriate and cost-effective SRH services should be provided for these migrants.

Background Considerable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges have been reported among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Predictors thereof are urgently needed to develop targeted interventions.Study design A cross-sectional study assessed determinants of unmet need for contraception using semi-structured interviews in two cities in China: Guangzhou and Qingdao.Results Between July and September 2008, 4867 female rural-to-urban migrants aged 18-29 years participated in the study. Of these, 2264 were married or cohabiting. Among sexually-active women (n = 2513), unmet need for contraception was reported by 36.8% and 51.2% of respondents in Qingdao and Guangzhou, respectively; it was associated with being unmarried, having no children, less schooling, poor SRH knowledge, working in non-food industry, and not being covered by health insurance. A substantial proportion of unmarried migrants reported they had sexual intercourse (16.6 % in Qingdao and 21.4% in Guangzhou) contrary to current sexual standards in China.Conclusion The study emphasises the importance of improving the response to the needs of rural-to-urban migrants and recommends strategies to address the unmet need for contraception. These should enhance open communication on sexuality, increase the availability of condoms, and improve health insurance coverage.

An audio recovering method of spread-spectrum hidden information is proposed based on genetic algorithm. In this method the embedded sequence length is confirmed firstly, then the best estimated sequence with the confirmed length is got by genetic algorithm, finally the confidential message hidden in stego-audio can be recovered. Using this approach, the hidden information can be recovered without any information from the transmitter. The presented method has been implemented on PC, and the experimental results show that the average recovering correct rate is higher than 90%.

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Feb OBJECTIVES: To compare two post-abortion family planning (FP) service packages on contraceptive use and repeat abortion rate among young women in three cities in China. METHODS: In this cluster-randomized trial, one FP service package included provision of limited information and referral to existing FP services, and the other, more comprehensive, package consisted--in addition to the above simple package--of individual counselling, free provision of contraceptive materials, and involvement of the male partner. Eight matched pairs of hospitals were certified by centralized randomization. Women undergoing abortion were followed up for six months, and data were collected in two rounds, before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We followed a total of 2336 women younger than 25 years (555 before and 555 after the simple intervention package; 634 before and 592 after the comprehensive intervention package). Both packages increased use of any contraceptive method, but the comprehensive approach also increased use of more effective methods. Odds ratios for consistent and correct use of condoms were 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.55-3.46) and 2.78 (1.81-4.26), respectively, compared with the simple package. The rates of unwanted pregnancies and repeat abortions were somewhat reduced for both packages, with no significant statistical difference between them. CONCLUSION: Couples who received the comprehensive post-abortion FP service appear to use more effective contraceptive methods and show better compliance.

An anonymous cross-sectional survey interviewed 192 infertile couples consulting a family planning clinic in rural China. Of them, over 30% believed that childless couples could not live well, 80% desired to have a child very badly, over 60% pressured themselves or spouse due to infertility, and over 50% felt pressured when having sex. Furthermore, 19.8% of men and 37.5% of women felt that infertility is humiliating for women. A multivariate analyses showed that a lower income, a worsened spousal relationship, infertility related perceptions, pressuring oneself or spouse due to infertility, and a strong desire for children were significantly associated with a lowered quality of life. Gender differences were also observed.

To compare the acceptability of Phoenurse female condom (PFC) and second-generation Femidom female condom (FC2) among Chinese women.A randomized, cross-over clinical trial was carried out in women aged 20-49 years seeking family service in Qingdao, China, between April and October 2013. Women were classified into two groups using a computer-generated randomized sequence. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and after using 10 of each type of female condom (FC).Of 290 women, 247 (85.2%) believed that FC could protect against sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. A total of 152 (52.5%) thought that the female condom (FC) contraceptive failure rate was higher, and 107 (36.9%) thought that FC could be reused before they participated in this study. After the study, 135 (46.6%) and 39 women (13.4%) would have been happy to use FC2 and PFC, respectively. Significant difference was noted between PFC and FC2 for the features color, lubrication and overall fit, rather than length, appearance, smell and application method. A total of 68 (23.5%) and 140 women (49.5%) liked FC2's color and lubrication better than PFC (44, 15.2%; 99, 34.6%). Also, 158 women (54.5%) preferred the overall fit of FC2 compared with PFC (143, 49.5%; P0.05).Participants did not have sufficient knowledge about the contraceptive effect and use of FC. Lubrication means the smooth degree of using FC. Length means the size of FC. Appearance means the users' overall impression of the FC.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with sexual dysfunction (SD) among younger married men living in rural China. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was self-administered by the husbands of 298 randomly selected married women aged 20 to 39 years. Results Of all 298 respondents, 84 (28.8%) had at least one of the seven studied SDs. The prevalence of an individual SD ranged from 3.7% (physical pain) to 19.5% (premature ejaculation); 41.9% were dissatisfied with their sexual life. Age, education level, age at marriage, and income were, in general, not statistically significant in predicting SD. Adjusting for age, education level, and age at marriage, the following were significantly associated with different categories of SD: smoking, SD of the wife, perceived health status, mental health and vitality quality of life (QOL), sharing a bedroom with nonspouse family members, masturbation, and the perceived importance of sexual life. Income, the perceived importance of sexual life and adequate sexual knowledge, mental health QOL, inability to achieve climax, and erectile problems were independently associated with sexual satisfaction. Conclusions SD among younger married men in rural China was significantly associated with mental health QOL and vitality QOL. Other factors, such as perceived physical health, room sharing, and spousal SD, were also involved. Most respondents perceived their sexual knowledge to be inadequate, which was also associated with sexual satisfaction. Because various factors were significant in predicting SD, multiple approaches are required in promoting sexual health in this study population.

This paper presents a method which utilizes color, local symmetry and geometry information of human face based on various models. The algorithm first detects most likely face regions or ROIs (Region-Of-Interest) from the image using face color model and face outline model, produces a face color similarity map. Then it performs local symmetry detection within these ROIs to obtain a local symmetry similarity map. The two maps and local similarity map are fused to obtain potential facial feature points. Finally similarity matching is performed to identify faces between the fusion map and face geometry model under affine transformation. The output results are the detected faces with confidence values. The experimental results demonstrate its validity and robustness to identify faces under certain variations.