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The main purpose of the research is the evaluation of the pre-school education program according to CIPP (context, input, process, and product) model belongs to Stufflebeam. Parallel design form mixed research methods was used in the research. Quantitative data of the research were collected from 122 preschool teachers working in public or private schools in 2019-2020 academic years. Qualitative data were collected from 10 pre-school teachers via an online interview with the help of a semi-structured interview form. In the research, 'Preschool Education Program Evaluation Scale' and 'semi-structured interview forms' prepared by the researchers were used as data collection tools. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the teachers stated the most negative opinions in the context dimension. Teachers stated that there is not enough equipment to organize learning centers in this dimension, and the physical characteristics of schools are not sufficient for pre-school education. Although generally positive opinions were expressed in the input dimension, it was revealed that the individual differences of the children and the family factor were not taken into account in the program. Finally, when we look at the product dimension, it was stated by the teachers that preschool education facilitates the school orientation of children and is effective in preparing children for primary school, but pre-school education is not effective in solving the problems arising from the family.

Objective: To examine the SCUBE1 level, a biomarker in vascular biology that could determine the prognosis of cardiovascular events during OSA treatment. Methods: In total, 129 patients were included in the study. Thirty were diagnosed with simple snoring and 99 with OSA. Results: In males, significant correlation was determined between SCUBE1 non-REM AHI, hypopnea index, total apnea index, mean SO2, minimum SO2, and < 90% saturation duration. Conclusion: Serum SCUBE1 levels increased more in male patients with severe OSA compared to other OSA levels, and high serum SCUBE1 levels were found to be associated with lower oxygen levels in OSA patients. The SCUBE1 biomarker can correlate with severe OSA in males. There was a statistically significant difference between OSA groups in terms of SCUBE1 score for male patients (p = 0.002) but not for females (p = 0.498). It is important that future SCUBE1 studies evaluate males vs. females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a type of surgery that is both restrictive in food intake and malabsorptive. The prevalence of copper deficiency (hypocupremia) has been reported as 10%-%20 after RYGB. Copper deficiency has started to appear more frequently due to bariatric surgical procedures, which are widely applied all over the world and in our country, but it is often not recognized. In order to raise awareness on the subject, we wanted to present a patient who developed copper deficiency and secondary anemia and neutropenia after RYGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe multifactorial neurodegenerative proteopathy associated with advanced age. Discrepancies in the renal function of these patients compared to geriatric patients with dementia have rarely been reported. In this study, we aimed to disclose the importance of associated renal changes for the pathogenesis of AD. Methods: Patients with AD (n = 107) and geriatric patients with dementia and without dementia (n = 124) (231 patients in total) from Dokuz Eylul and Cukurova University Hospitals were enrolled in the study. We measured serum Na, K, Cl, Ca, BUN, creatinine, total protein levels and MDRD [eGFR] in all groups. Results: From Izmir Center, the first study arm consisted of patients with AD dementia (n= 74), and the second arm included geriatric patients with dementia (n = 79). From Adana, 78 patients were recruited to the study, of which 33 were with AD and 45 were geriatric patients without dementia. When we analyzed comparatively the AD and geriatric dementia patients study arms, a statistically significant difference was observed both in the median age (p< 0.001), as well as in the biochemical parameters from Izmir Center: Na (p< 0.001), K (p< 0.001), Cl (p< 0.05), Ca (p< 0.001), BUN (p< 0.05), creatinine (p< 0.001), total protein (p< 0.001) and MDRD [eGFR] (p< 0.001). However, these were not significantly different between AD and geriatric patients without dementia in the Adana group. Conclusions: Our results indicate that renal function is prone to alterations in different age groups of patients with AD. However, there is no conclusive evidence that renal function is one of the risk factors in AD.

Metastability and instability effects due to oxygen exposure in thick intrinsic hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films deposited by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition on smooth glass substrates were investigated using temperature-dependent dark conductivity, steady state photoconductivity, and sub-bandgap absorption measurements obtained using the dual beam photoconductivity (DBP) method. No significant changes in dark conductivity and photoconductivity were detected even after long-term air exposure of samples in room ambient as well as after oxygen exposure when samples were characterized in oxygen ambient. However, characterization of the oxygen-exposed state in high vacuum caused an increase in dark conductivity and photoconductivity as well as a significant decrease in the sub-bandgap absorption coefficient spectra in the low energy region in samples with [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.40. These changes are partially irreversible for samples [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.80 and mostly reversible for compact materials with significant amorphous fraction. No detectable metastable changes occurred in microcrystalline silicon samples with [I.sup.RS.sub.C] < 0.40 as well as in pure amorphous silicon. PACS Nos.: 73.61.Jc, 73.63.Bd, 73.50.Pz, 72.80.Ng. Nous utilisons la conductivite en obscurite, la photoconductivite stationnaire et des mesures d'absorption sous la bande interdite obtenues de la methode de photoconductivite a deux faisceaux (DBP), afin d'etudier les effets stables et metastables de l'exposition a l'oxygene de films de silicium microcristallins hydrogenes epais deposes par plasma a haute frequence augmente d'un depot de vapeur chimique sur un substrat de verre lisse. Nous ne detectons aucun changement de la conductivite en obscurite ni de la photoconductivite, meme apres une longue exposition a l'air a temperature ambiante, aussi bien qu'apres exposition a l'oxygene ou les echantillons sont examines dans une atmosphere d'oxygene. Cependant, etudier sous vide les echantillons exposes a l'oxygene donne une augmentation de la conductivite en obscurite, aussi bien que de la photoconductivite, en meme temps qu'une diminution significative de l'absorption sous la bande interdite dans les echantillons vec [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.40. Ces changements sont partiellement reversibles pour les echantillons avec [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.80 et majoritairement reversibles pour les materiaux compacts avec une fraction amorphe importante. Nous ne detectons aucun changement metastable dans les echantillons de silicium microcristallin avec [I.sup.RS.sub.C] < 0.40 ni dans le silicium completement amorphe. [Traduit par a Redaction], 1. Introduction Single junction and multijunction thin-film silicon solar cells are generally deposited on rough light-scattering substrates with absorber layers of undoped hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) layers with [...]

Metastability effects because of atmospheric exposure, high purity gasses, and deionized water in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films with different crystalline volume fractions were studied using well accepted steady-state characterization methods of dark conductivity, steady-state photoconductivity, steady-state photocarrier grating (SSPG) and dual beam photoconductivity (DBP) methods. A standard measurement procedure has been established before using the steady state methods, in which a steady state condition of dark conductivity was established by monitoring the time dependence of dark conductivity. Samples deposited on smooth glass and rough glass substrates exhibit similar reversible and irreversible changes in the properties of microcrystalline silicon film. A reliable correlation of reversible and irreversible changes indicate that dark conductivity and photoconductivity values increase, sub-bandgap absorption spectrum obtained from DBP method decrease and correspondingly minority carrier diffusion lengths obtained from the SSPG method increase in the metastable state in various amount for microcrystalline films with crystalline volume fraction, [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.30. Amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon films with [I.sup.RS.sub.C] < 0.30 do not show detectable metastable changes as samples exposed to atmospheric condition as well as high purity oxygen gas and deionized water. PACS Nos.: 73.61.Jc, 73.63.Bd, 73.50.Pz, 72.80.Ng. Nous utilisons des methodes de caracterisation stationnaire bien acceptees, comme la conductivite en obscurite, la photoconductivite stationnaire, la photoconductivite stationnaire par interferometrie laser (SSPG) et la photoconductivite modulee a deux faisceaux (DBP), afin d'etudier l'effet de la metastabilite dans des films minces de silicium microcristallin hydrogenes, suite a l'exposition a l'atmosphere, aux gaz de haute purete et a l'eau de-ionise. Avant d'utiliser ces methods stationnaires, nous avons developpe une procedure standard de mesure, dans laquelle la condition stationnaire de conductivite en obscurite est verifiee en observant la dependance en temps de la conductivite en obscurite. Les echantillons deposes sur des surfaces douces et rudes de substrats de verre montrent les memes changements reversibles et irreversibles dans les proprietes microcristallines des films de silicium. Une correlation fiable des changements reversibles et irreversibles des proprietes des films microcristallins indique que les valeurs de conductivite en obscurite et de photoconductivite augmentent et que le spectre d'absorption sous la bande interdite obtenu de SSPG augmente dans les films microcristallins en etat metastable pour lesquels la fraction cristalline en volume [I.sup.RS.sub.C] > 0.3. Les films de silicium amorphes et microcristallins avec [I.sup.RS.sub.C] < 0.3 ne montrent aucun changement metastable detectable lorsque les echantillons sont exposes aux conditions atmospheriques, a l'oxygene pur et a l'eau de-ionisee. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction Upon exposure of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin films to room ambient, water vapour, deonized water, or to different gas atmospheres, these materials frequently show reversible (metastability) and irreversible [...]

Metastability effects in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films due to air, high purity nitrogen, helium, argon, and oxygen were investigated using temperature-dependent dark conductivity, photoconductivity, and steady-state photocarrier grating methods. It was found that short-term air, nitrogen, and inert gases caused a small reversible increase of [σ.sub.Dark] and [σ.sub.photo] within a factor of two, but they did not affect the minority carrier μτ-products significantly. These changes are partially reduced by vacuum treatment and completely reduced after heat treatment at 430 K. However, oxygen gas treatment at 80°C resulted in more than an order of magnitude increase in both [σ.sub.Dark] and [σ.sub.photo] and an increase in the diffusion length, [L.sub.D], by 50% from that of the annealed-state value in highly crystalline samples, while no significant metastability is detected in amorphous and low crystalline silicon thin films. A following heat treatment partially recovers both [σ.sub.Dark] and [σ.sub.photo] to their annealed-state values, while [L.sub.D] decreases only slightly. Such increase in the [L.sub.D] values could be due to a decrease in the density of recombination centers for holes below the Fermi level, which may be related to passivation of defects by oxygen on the surface of crystalline grains. PACS Nos.: 73.61.Jc, 73.63.Bd, 73.50.Pz, 72.80.Ng. Nous etudions les effets de la metastabilite dans des films minces de silicium microcristallins hydrogenes du a de l'air, de l'azote tres pur, de l'helium, de l'argon et de l'oxygene, en utilisant la dependance en temperature de la conductivite en obscurite, la photoconductivite et la methode de photocarrier grating en regime stationnaire. Nous trouvons qu'a court terme, l'air, l'azote et les gaz inertes causent de petites augmentations reversibles de [σ.sub.Dark] et [σ.sub.photo] a l'interieur d'un facteur deux, mais n'affectent pas de facon significative les porteurs minoritaires μτ. Ces changements sont partiellement reduits par un traitement par le vide et le sont completement apres chauffage a 430 K. Cependant, le traitement a l'oxygene a 80°C cause une augmentation de plus d'un ordre de grandeur de [σ.sub.Dark] et [σ.sub.photo] et une augmentation de 50 % de la longueur de diffusion [L.sub.D], compare a la valeur d'echantillons cristallins recuits, alors qu'aucune metastabilite n'est detectee dans les films minces de silicium amorphe et faiblement cristallin. Un chauffage subsequent ramene partiellement [σ.sub.Dark] et [σ.sub.photo] a leur valeur de recuit, mais [L.sub.D] ne diminue qu'un peu. Une telle augmentation de [L.sub.D] pourrait etre due a une diminution de la densite des centres de recombinaison sous le niveau de Fermi et peut etre reliee a la passivation des defauts par l'oxygene sur les grains cristallins de la surface. [Traduit par la Redaction], 1. Introduction Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) has been extensively studied for the last two decades and successfully applied as an absorber layer in thin film silicon solar cells [1, 2]. [...]

Background: Several previous studies have suggested that sublethal doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) and monophosphoryl lipid A Re595, a nonpyrogenic derivative of Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide, exhibit antiarrhythmic effects in the rat model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias. Methods: In this study, the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide derivatives was also further investigated in drug (aconitine or ouabain)-induced arrhythmia models, and conclusions were drawn with particular emphasis on the molecular characteristics of different types of lipopolysaccharide. Results: The importance of the molecular structure for the antiarrhythmic effect of monophosphoryl lipid A and E. coli lipopolysaccharide was tested in the ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia model. In contrast to monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella typhimurium SL 684 which has only monophosphoryl residue in its structure, monophosphoryl lipid A Re595, obtained from S. minnesota, and E. coli lipopolysaccharide which have both mono and diphosphoryl residue reduced the duration of ventricular tachycardia (e.g., during reperfusion: vehicle: 176 ± 22.8; monophosphoryl lipid A Re595: 132.83 ± 12.1, as second, n = 8-10, P < .05) and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. The antiarrhythmic effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide and monophosphoryl lipid A Re595 in ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia model were absent in either aconitine- (e.g., onset time for ventricular ectopic beats: saline 25.3 5.0, E. coli lipopolysaccharide 24.3 ± 7.1; vehicle: 24.0 ± 4.5, monophosphoryl lipid A SL684 23.8 ± 4.3, as second, n = 6, P > .05) or ouabain-induced arrhythmia models in mice. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that lipopolysaccharide derivatives exhibit antiarrhythmic effect only in ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias, and lipopolysaccharide should possess diphosphoryl groups in its subcomponent composition for this antiarrhythmic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]