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The objective of this research is to study the mechanism of Xiaoyao pill in the treatment of breast hyperplasia by using network pharmacological formula. The active components of Xiaoyao pill were collected and screened in the Pharmacological Database and Analysis Platform of Chinese Medicine (TCMSP), and the included compounds were predicted by TCMSP database. GeneCards database, NCBI gene database and OMIM database were used for screening of breast hyperplasia disease targets. The drug targets and disease targets were selected to make a Venn diagram, and the common targets were used to make a PPI network diagram in the String database. Topological analysis and MCODE cluster analysis were used to screen the core targets and core genes. The key active ingredients were screened in Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. The STRING database was used for GO analysis and KEGG analysis for key targets, and the relevant results were imported into Cytoscape 3.8.0 to draw the component-disease-path path-target network diagram. The active components and targets of Xiaoyao Pills were screened, among which 169 targets were related to breast hyperplasia. Stat3, Akt1, MAPK1, Jun, MAPK3 and other 20 targets were the key targets of this drug in the treatment of breast hyperplasia, and HTR2A, IL2, TOP2A, PCNA, MMP1 were the core genes of this drug in the treatment of breast hyperplasia. Quercetin, Kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, licochalcone A, 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, formononetin, and acacetin may be the main active components of Xiaoyao Pill in the treatment of breast hypertrophy. A total of 2328 biological processes were enriched by GO enrichment analysis, with 160 molecular function correlations and 47 cell composition correlations. Enrichment analysis showed that it was associated with 166 pathways, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathway. The molecular docking verification results showed that the key active ingredients and core targets were well docking. From the perspective of network pharmacology, the potential mechanism and pharmacological substance basis of Xiaoyao pill in the treatment of breast hyperplasia are preliminarily revealed, providing ideas for the follow-up research on Xiaoyao pill in the treatment of gynecological diseases.

Abstract Background The gold standard of tumor diagnosis is histological examination of a biopsy; however, there is concern that tumor cell dissemination along the needle track during percutaneous biopsy can cause local tumor relapse. We aimed to evaluate the value of an adriamycin (ADM)-loaded gelatin sponge in preventing tumor cell contamination along the biopsy needle track. Methods Data were obtained from 40 patients who were diagnosed by core needle biopsy as having osteosarcoma and who were followed up at our hospital between 2008 and 2011. Of the 40 patients, 20 had the needle biopsy tracks filled with ADM-loaded absorbable gelatin sponge immediately after the biopsy specimen was obtained, while the other 20 did not. All 40 patients underwent limb-salvage surgery, and specimens were obtained from the biopsy track for histopathologic examination of multiple sections. Results On histological examination, there was less tumor cell contamination along the biopsy tracks in the ADM group. Conclusion Use of ADM-loaded absorbable gelatin sponge may prevent tumor cell contamination of a biopsy track, and reduce the possibility of consequent tumor relapse.

Volvocales forms a species‐rich clade with wide morphological variety and is regarded as an ideal model for tracing the evolutionary transitions in multicellularity. The phylogenetic relationships among the colonial volvocine algae and its relatives are important for investigating the origin of multicellularity in the clade Reinhardtinia. Therefore, a robust phylogenetic framework of the unicellular and colonial volvocine algae with broad taxon and gene sampling is essential for illuminating the evolution of multicellularity. Recent chloroplast phylogenomic studies have uncovered five major orders in the Chlorophyceae, but the family‐level relationships within Sphaeropleales and Volvocales remain elusive due to the uncertain positions of some incertae sedis taxa. In this study, we contributed six newly sequenced chloroplast genomes in the Volvocales and analyzed a dataset with 91 chlorophycean taxa and 58 protein‐coding genes. Conflicting phylogenetic signals were detected among chloroplast genes that resulted in discordant tree topologies among different analyses. We compared the phylogenetic trees inferred from original nucleotide, RY‐coding, codon‐degenerate, and amino acid datasets, and improved the robustness of phylogenetic inference in the Chlorophyceae by reducing base compositional bias. Our analyses indicate that the unicellular Chlamydomonas and Vitreochlamys are close to or nested within the colonial taxa, and all the incertae sedis taxa are nested within the monophyletic Sphaeropleales s.l. We propose that the colonial taxa in the Reinhardtinia are paraphyletic and multicellularity evolved once in the volvocine green algae and might be lost in Chlamydomonas and Vitreochlamys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have tested the influence of climatic factors on yields by adjusting sowing dates at both low and high altitudes. We investigated the influence of the synergistic effects of temperature and solar radiation by conducting field experiments using different rice varieties and sowing dates in the low-altitude plains of Chongzhou and the high-altitude mountainous region of Hanyuan, Sichuan Province, China, in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that from transplanting to maturity, biomass yield and grain yield were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with the average daily temperature and solar radiation. The Hanyuan site experienced higher solar radiation and lower temperature than those of Chongzhou, which contributed to higher dry matter accumulation (DMA) and crop growth rate values pre- and post-anthesis and more panicles per m2, leading to higher biomass yields and grain yields at Hanyuan. The rice sowed earlier was subjected to higher solar radiation and lower temperature at Chongzhou and Hanyuan, resulting in increased DMA post-anthesis, panicles per m2, and spikelet filling, improving biomass yield and grain yield. These results indicate that the high potential yield from the early sowing date in the high-altitude region was primarily due to increased solar radiation and decreased temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of spinopelvic reconstruction based on a novel suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed total sacral implant after total piecemeal resection of a sacral giant cell tumor (SGCT) with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots via a posterior‐only approach. Methods: Five patients who had undergone total piecemeal resection of SGCT involving upper sacral segments (S1 and S2) and the midline with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots via a posterior‐only approach between September 2017 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A novel suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed total sacral implant had been used for reconstruction. This series included two female and three male patients, with a mean age of 42.2 years (range, 31–53 years). Surgical time, blood loss, complications, preoperative and postoperative neurological function, instrumentation failure, and local control were presented and analyzed. Results: All patients underwent the operation without death or serious complications. The implant was installed on the defect, connecting the ilium and lumbar vertebrae, and fixed with a screw–rod system up to the level of L3–4 or L4–5. The mean operative time was 502 min (range, 360–640 min) and the mean operative blood loss 4400 mL (range, 3000–7000 mL). The mean follow‐up was 15 months. After the operation, pain was significantly relieved, and the patients resumed walking as early as 2 weeks later. The patients showed no neurogenic bladder dysfunction and no fecal incontinence or gait disturbance. Wound healing was poor in one patient. Patients recovered well without evidence of local recurrence. No implant failures or related clinical symptoms were detected during follow up. Satisfactory bone ingrowth and osseointegration at the bone‐implant junctions was found in follow‐up CT. Conclusion: Although technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to use a suspended, modular, and 3D‐printed implant for reconstruction after total piecemeal resection with the preservation of bilateral S1–3 nerve roots in patients with SGCT. We believe that this implant can be applied to sacral reconstruction in a wide variety of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]