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Subdural contrast effusion secondary to endovascular treatment is exceptionally rare and might be mistaken as subdural hematoma because of similar hyperattenuation on computer tomography. The authors present the case of a 13-month-old girl with a history of increased head circumference and developmental retardation. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography showed a high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula fed by multiple arteries on the right cerebellar surface, with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and severe stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus. Staged endovascular treatments were performed to eliminate the fistula. Follow-up head computer tomography scans performed 3 h after both procedures demonstrated typical high-density subdural effusion with computer tomography attenuation value similar to hemorrhage. These effusions did not aggravate the condition and disappeared spontaneously 32 h after the first treatment and 29 h after the second, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of angioplasty and stenting for patients with symptomatic non-acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (SNMCAO). Methods Eight SNMCAO patients who failed in medical treatment and under - went surgical recanalization, were collected from January to December 2019. The success rate, perioperative complications, prognosis and stent restenosis were summarized. Results In 8 cases, 7 cases succeeded adn 1 case failed. Four cases occurred perioperative complications, including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (2 cases), fransient cerebral ischemic attact (1 case) and stent thrombosis (1 case). Seven to thirty days after operation the modifical Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 score were seen in 6 cases, 3 in one case and 4 in one. Four months after operation one case occurred restenosis in the stent. Conclusions For patients with SNMCAO, if medical treatment is not effective, endovascular recanalization can be considered, but the recanalization technique is complicated and the incidence of complications is still high. Therefore, the safety and necessity of endovascular recanalization need to be strictly evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the community structure and diversity of larval gut bacteria in Carposina sasakii and Grapholitha molesta, the V4 regions of the 16S rDNA genes of intestinal bacteria of C. sasakii and G. molesta larvae which fed by golden delicious apple, were amplified and sequenced by Illumina HiSeq technique. The results showed that a total of 229043 high quality reads of gut bacteria in C. sasakii larvae were obtained and clustered to 2112 OTUs, which were annotated into 27 phyla, 65 classes, 124 orders, 205 families and 281 genera. 240389 reads of G. molesta were produced and clustered to 957 OTUs, which were annotated into 22 Phyla, 46 Classes, 89 Orders, 145 Families and 180 Genera. C. sasakii was dominated by the Proteobacteria (87.98%±5.29%), Firmicutes (3.91%±1.19%), Actinobacteria (1.04%±0.47%), and G. molesta was mainly dominated by Proteobacteria (50.06% ± 19.56%), Firmicutes (32.02% ±8.48%) and Cyanobacteria (25.24%± 10.28%). All of Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species of the bacteria were significantly different between C. sasakii and G. molesta. Those results suggested that the gut bacteria community in these two fruit-boring pests was notably different, although they were both fed by apple fruit. The bacteria communities were more complex in C. sasakii than in G. molesta, which might account for different feeding and digestion mechanisms. The results could lay a foundation to reveal the association of the intestinal bacteria with these two fruit borers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the population growth of summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana, the development, survival, fecundity and longevity of A. orana were assessed at 6 different constant humidities (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%), (25±1) °C and a photoperiod of 12L:12D in the laboratory. The results showed that immature developmental time was gradually shortened with the increasing humidity at 40%-90%RH, ranged from 30.31 d at 40%RH to 25.87 d at 90%RH. However, the survival rate for immature moth was gradually increased from 40%RH to 90%RH. Hatchability was inhibited significantly by low humidity and the lowest was 39.3% at 40%RH. And at 80% RH, the longevity of adults was the longest, the oviposition was the most (110.8 eggs per female), and the survival rates for eggs and larvae were the highest. It resulted in the highest net reproductive rate (R0=26.46) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm=0.1018). In conclusion, the development and fecundity of A. orana were promoted and improved at the higher humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To clarify the effect of cortical spreading depression (CSD) on cortical cerebral blood flow and apoptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Methods SAH was induced in male Wistar rats by autologous blood injection into the cisterna magna and CSD was induced in rats with KCl. The cortical blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmeter and apoptosis were detected by TUNEL staining. Results In SAH groups the cortical cerebral blood flow was significantly reduced and cortical cell apoptosis was increased compared with those in blank and normal saline groups. After CSD, the cortical cerebral blood flow and apoptosis in SAH groups were more obvious than in blank and normal saline groups. Conclusion CSD can reduce cortical cerebral blood flow and aggravate apoptosis after SAH. It may be one of the mechanisms of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the differences of Aphis citricola in its original and final selectivity to the apple leaves with different leaf age, and to ascertain the effects of mature and young apple leaves on the growth and development, survival, and fecundity of A. citricola, this paper studied the host preference of A. citricola to mature and young apple leaves, with the related age-stage two- type life tables constructed. A. citricola more preferred to oviposit on the young leaves. There exis-ted differences in the behaviors between oriented selectivity and penetration selectivity, and the later was the key factor determining whether A. citricola fed and oviposited on the host. The total development time of immature A. citricola on the mature leaves was significantly longer than that on the young leaves, and the survival rate was also lower, with the aphids died at the first and fourth instar stages and at mature stage. As compared with those on the young leaves, the apterae rate of A. citricola adults on the mature leaves was lower, and the longevity and fecundity were significantly shorter and lower. The population dynamic parameters suggested that the population growth of A. citricola was quicker on the young leaves than on the mature leaves, and it was difficult for A. citricola to establish a stable population on the mature leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using TM/ ETM+ and MODIS images, the land surface temperature (LST) and relative heat island intensity (RHII) of the central area of Chongqing City were extracted to analyze the distribution patterns of the LST and RHII along the multi-gradients of topography, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) as well as the potential quantitative relationships. The LST and RHII manifested a non-monotonically decreasing trend along the gradients of elevation and relief degree, respectively, both with a significant quadratic polynomial relationship. The maximum RHII appeared at 200-350 m elevation section due to the massive urban construction activities, and had significant linear relationships with the population density and the GDP per square kilometer. The RHII rose about 0. 10 °C when the population density increased 1000 people per square kilometer, and rose about 0. 08 °C when the GDP per square kilometer increased 10 million RMB Yuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panonychus ulmi Koch is one of the important pest insects of apple production in China. To clarify the spatiotemporal dynamics of P. ulmi on the apple tree crowns in an apple orchard of Liaoning, Northeast China, an investigation with random sampling was conducted on the pest mite number at each direction and each layer of the crowns in the whole growth season from May to November 2007. The spatial distribution pattern and time series dynamics of P. ulmi were analyzed by calculating the indices of aggregation and using the parameters of Iwao model. In the early and mid growth periods of apple tree, P. ulmi within whole crown fitted negative binomial distribution, presented an aggregated pattern, and its fundamental component was the group composed of several individuals that attracted each other. The aggregation intensity showed a negative fluctuation with population density, namely, high population density but low patchiness density, and low population density but high patchiness density, and there existed definite differences at different crown directions and layers, i.e., the patchiness density was the highest in south direction and the lowest in west direction, and was higher in mid and lower layers than in upper layer, and in inner layer than in outer layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We read with great interest the article by Dr. Watanabe et al. [1], which enrolled 430 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy with splenectomy (TGS). Using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, this retrospective study identified that pancreatic resection, male sex, and a longer operation time are risk factors for morbidity after TGS, but postoperative complications of TGS have little impact on long-term outcomes (including overall survival and recurrence-free survival). [Extracted from the article]