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The objective: substantiation of the possibility of surgical treatment of various lung diseases in HIV-infected patients.Subjects and Methods. Comorbidities, medical history, bad habits, ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ARVT), viral load and CD4+count before and after lung surgery were assessed. Blood loss during the operation, intra- and postoperative complications was analyzed. Causes of postoperative lethality were analyzed.Results. According to results of the study, planned surgical treatment for chronic abscess, tuberculosis, cancer, mycotic pulmonary lesions and cicatricial stenosis of the trachea in HIV-infected patients is justified, and should be performed based on indications common for these diseases. This is confirmed by the level of postoperative complications in HIV-negative patients. The vast majority of complications were temporary, not severe, and were resolved by conservative treatment. Achievment of the best results is facilitated by ongoing ART.

With the growing global uncertainty index caused by unforeseen shock scenarios from viral exposure, as well as the rapid development of new digital technologies, it is necessary to find effective ways to manage production activities. The relevance of the study is to justify the need to institutionalize the forms and methods of directive management of the economy to increase its innovativeness and competitiveness, in accordance with the characteristics of each country. The research purpose is to reveal the nature of modern discussions regarding the methods regulating economic processes and to justify the increasing role of industrial policy of states in combination with ensuring freedom of enterprises. The methods include a retrospective analysis of the forms and methods regulating economic activity, a comparative analysis justifying the scenarios of industrial revival on a new technological and social base under centralized state planning and management. As a result, incentives for production and investment activities in high-value added industries are justified using industrial policy tools (investment, tax, financial, administrative regulation, etc.).

The influence of buildings on the total gamma background radiation was investigated. The total gamma radiation between a building made from bricks and a field, which are 100 m apart (away from the influence of other buildings), was measured using a scintillation detector. Measurements of ambient equivalent dose rate at different heights above the soil and a horizontal distance from 0.1 m – 100 m in variable steps were taken. A new approach was developed to assess the contribution of gamma background radiation from the soil and the building to the total gamma background radiation. It was obtained that the gamma background radiation contributed by buildings, greatly affects the total gamma background radiation up to a distance of 2 m, at which there was a significant decrease in the total gamma background radiation. The percentage of the building that contributes to the total gamma background radiation is noted to be between 4 – 29% of the total gamma background. This shows that most of the background radiation in the environment is contributed by the gamma background radiation in the soil. Also, the annual equivalent dose received by a person who sits near the building was 0.09 mSv, which was higher than an adult who works far away from the building (0.08 mSv). Both were however less than the global level. It also was found that the best place to install a detector for measuring gamma radiation was found to be a distance of 1.5 m away from the building., Исследовано влияние зданий на общий гамма-фон. Гамма-фон между кирпичным зданием и полем, находящимся на расстоянии 100 м друг от друга (вдали от влияния других зданий), измерялось с помощью сцинтилляционного детектора. Были проведены измерения мощности амбиентного эквивалента дозы на разной высоте над почвой и на горизонтальном расстоянии от 0,1 м до 100 м с переменным шагом от здания. Был разработан новый подход для оценки вклада от почвы и здания в общий гамма-фон. Было получено, что гамма-излучение, вносимое зданиями, сильно влияет на суммарный гамма-фон на расстоянии до 2 м, на котором наблюдалось значительное уменьшение излучения в общем. Отмечено, что процент вносимого зданием вклада в общий гамма-фон, составляет от 4 до 29%. Это показывает, что большая часть фонового излучения в окружающей среде обеспечивается гамма-излучением почвы. Кроме того, годовая эквивалентная доза, полученная человеком, сидящим рядом со зданием, составила 0,09 мЗв, что выше, чем у взрослого, работающего далеко от здания (0,08 мЗв). Однако оба значения ниже среднемирового. Также было обнаружено, что лучшим местом для установки детектора гамма-излучения будет удаленное на 1,5 м от здания., Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физико-математические науки, Выпуск 2 2021, Pages 100-109

Using Geant4 toolkit the changes of the flux density and of the dose rates of the secondary cosmic radiation at the heights up to 50 m from the land surface (at a depth of atmosphere about 1030 g/cm2 ) and depending on solar magnetic activity were estimated. For changes of Wolf’s number (sunspots) in the range of 0 - 200 the flux density of reflected from air and the soil γ- and β- particles changes from 5.7 to 7 and 0.10 – 0.13 m−2 ·s −1 respectively, for energy from 0 keV to several units of GeV in the ground atmosphere on one meter from the earth. These estimates are much lower than those estimates, for radiation created by the soil and atmospheric radionuclides, which had been received earlier. In comparison with a contribution of radionuclides of the soil of flux density of secondary cosmic radiation about 0.01% and 0.1%, for gamma and beta radiation respectively. The received assessment of the dose rate transferred by secondary cosmic radiation about 0.7% from rate of the formed by soil’s radionuclides. In addition, an assessment of change in characteristics of secondary cosmic radiation depending on the level of solar magnetic activity presented in work. It is found that change of radiometric and dosimetric characteristics of secondary cosmic radiation depending on solar magnetic activity can be over 40%. It well repeats the changes of a dose found during a transcontinental flight. We found that the optimal average energy of spectrum of primary protons is 2.7 GeV. We can apply this feature to standards to find the most intensive periods of a secondary space gamma radiation and to use them in the experimental data, without involving the use of the Geant4. We have not found any significant contribution of secondary cosmic radiation reflected from the earth’s surface. This allows us to refuse from taking into account the soil layer in the model.

84th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society -- AUG, 2021 -- Chicago, IL, [No Abstract Available], Meteorit Soc, Minobrnauki project [FEUZ-2020-0059]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [AAAA-A18-118020190104-3], This study was funded by Minobrnauki project FEUZ-2020-0059; (K. N.A.) by state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Pressure. AAAA-A18118020190104-3). We acknowledge J. A. Goodall and Peter Jenniskens (NASA-SETI) for reconstruction of the strewnfield, V. Bogdanovsky for additional video (Golyayla), V. Coskun and A. Cubuklu for the satellite data.