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In April 2020, manufacturing of the ITER vacuum vessel (VV) first sector has been completed by the Korean domestic agency, manufacturing having started in February 2012. The ITER VV sector is the largest fusion VV structure in the world. Each step of the manufacturing was a challenge as a first-of-a-kind, and a French nuclear pressure vessel. The paper provides an overview of the major challenges which were overcome over the last 10 years.

We present a fermionic dark matter model mediated by the hidden gauge boson. We assume the QED-like hidden sector which consists of a Dirac fermion and U(1)$_X$ gauge symmetry, and introduce an additional scalar electroweak doublet field with the U(1)$_X$ charge as a mediator. The hidden U(1)$_X$ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the electroweak symmetry breaking and there exists a massive extra neutral gauge boson in this model which is the mediator between the hidden and visible sectors. Due to the U(1)$_X$ charge, the additional scalar doublet does not couple to the Standard Model fermions, which leads to the Higgs sector of type I two Higgs doublet model. The new gauge boson couples to the Standard Model fermions with couplings proportional to those of the ordinary $Z$ boson but very suppressed, thus we call it the dark $Z$ boson. We study the phenomenology of the dark $Z$ boson and the Higgs sector, and show the hidden fermion can be the dark matter candidate., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

The SHiP experiment is proposed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/$c$ proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About $10^{11}$ muons per spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400 GeV/$c$ proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a three-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to $(3.27\pm0.07)~\times~10^{11}$ protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1% of a SHiP spill. The SHiP experiment will search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 \GeV/$c$ proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About $10^{11}$ muons per spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400~\GeV/$c$ proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a three-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to $(3.27\pm0.07)~\times~10^{11}$ protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1\% of a SHiP spill. The SHiP experiment is proposed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. About $10^{11}$ muons per spill will be produced in the dump. To design the experiment such that the muon-induced background is minimized, a precise knowledge of the muon spectrum is required. To validate the muon flux generated by our Pythia and GEANT4 based Monte Carlo simulation (FairShip), we have measured the muon flux emanating from a SHiP-like target at the SPS. This target, consisting of 13 interaction lengths of slabs of molybdenum and tungsten, followed by a 2.4 m iron hadron absorber was placed in the H4 400 GeV/c proton beam line. To identify muons and to measure the momentum spectrum, a spectrometer instrumented with drift tubes and a muon tagger were used. During a 3-week period a dataset for analysis corresponding to $(3.27\pm 0.07)~\times ~10^{11}$ protons on target was recorded. This amounts to approximatively 1% of a SHiP spill.

We study a classically scale-invariant model with an electroweak singlet complex scalar mediator together with an anomaly free set of two fermionic dark matters. We introduce $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry with a new charge $X$ in the dark sector in order to stabilize the mass of the scalar singlet with a new gauge boson. Our conformally invariant scalar potential generates the electroweak symmetry breaking via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, and the new scalar singlet acquires its mass through radiative corrections of the fermionic dark matters and the new gauge boson as well as of the SM particles. Taking into account the collider bounds, we present the allowed region of new physics parameters satisfying the recent measurement of relic abundance. With the obtained parameter sets, we predict the elastic scattering cross section of the new singlet fermions into target nuclei for a direct detection of the dark matter. We also discuss the collider signatures and future discovery potentials of the new scalar and gauge boson., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, journal version including minor corrections. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1904.10209

Some years ago, analyses were performed by ITER Organization Central Team (IO-CT) to verify the structural integrity of the ITER vacuum vessel baseline design fixed in 2010 and classified as a Protection Important Component (PIC). The manufacturing phase leads the ITER Organization domestic agencies (IO-DA) and their contracted manufacturers to propose detailed design improvements to optimize the manufacturing or inspection process. These design and quality inspection changes can affect the structural margins with regards to the Codes&Standards and thus oblige to evaluate one more time the modified areas. This paper proposes an overview of the additional analyses already performed to guarantee the structural integrity of the manufacturing designs. In this way, CT and DAs have been strongly involved to keep the considerable margins obtained previously which were used to fix reasonable compensatory measures for the lack of In Service Inspections of a Nuclear Pressure Equipment (NPE).

Background Cytokine genotypes have previously been studied in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation; certain polymorphisms have been implicated in the development of acute rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD). Allograft outcomes determined, in part, by alloimmune responses is mainly mediated by T-cell responses, activated and driven by cytokines. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one such cytokine, which exerts its biological effects through binding to the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complex on target cells. In the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms of the IL-4 and/or IL-4R gene were associated with susceptibility to acute AR and GD after kidney transplantation. Methods We analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of IL-4 (rs2243250 and rs2070874) and 3 SNPs of IL-4R (rs1801275, rs2107356, and rs1805010) in 344 kidney transplant recipients. These patients included 62 of whom had developed AR and 215 of whom had GD in 1 year after kidney transplantation. Results The AR group included 62 patients (45 men and 17 women). There was a statistically significant difference in the male-to-female ratio and the use of tacrolimus in the AR group. The GD group included 215 patients. Patients who developed GD were more likely to be older and have an underlying cause of end-stage renal disease that was unknown compared with patients who did not have GD, the cause of which was typically known. Among the SNPs examined, 1 of the SNPs in the IL-4R gene (ie, rs1801275) showed a statistical association with AR (co-dominant model, P = .061; dominant model, P = .019; and log-addictive model, P = .029). In addition, 1 of the IL-4R SNPs (ie, rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD (dominant model, P = .034). No significant difference in the IL-4 genotype was observed between the AR/GD and non-AR/non-GD subjects. Conclusions One IL-4R gene polymorphism (rs1801275) was associated with AR. In addition, a separate IL-4R SNP (rs2107356) was statistically associated with GD after kidney transplantation.

Manufacturing design has been developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (HHI) and Korea Domestic Agency (KODA) to manufacture real product. As the first step of development of the manufacturing design, fabrication feasibility study was carried out in accordance with the RCC-MR 2007. Fabrication sequence was drafted and engineering analyses have been performed to guarantee structural integrity of manufacturing design and to minimize welding distortion. Several design modification proposals were derived during fabrication feasibility study. Fabrication sequence and manufacturing techniques have been established based on the results of a fabrication feasibility study. 3D multi-part model was developed based on the reference multi-body model and manufacturing drawings have been produced. A full scale mock-up of the lower port stub extension (PSE) has been fabricated in order to verify weldability, applicability of non-destructive examination (NDE) and welding distortion. Several qualifications were also conducted to confirm that the manufacturing design satisfies the requirements for bending, solution heat treatment, welding and NDE. Manufacturing and inspection plans (MIP) have been prepared to start real fabrication. In this paper, manufacturing design procedure and major technical results of manufacturing design development are presented for ITER VV lower port.

The present study investigates how sub-zero temperature affects the formation of the oxide layer of pure magnesium and subsequently alters their corrosion performance. To this end, a series of plasma electrolysis is carried out in alkaline-silicate electrolyte with two different temperatures of −5 and 25 °C. In contrast to the popular findings that low temperatures during anodic oxidation promotes superior corrosion protection, the present results show that the corrosion resistance of the sample processed at sub-zero condition is inferior to that processed at room temperature. In order to discuss such anomaly of the corrosion resistance, microstructural factors, including morphologies, compactness, and composition of the oxide layer would be taken into account.

In a general case, due to the axisymmetry of a HVCB (high-voltage circuit breaker), the models for fluid dynamics simulation and electrostatics simulation are created on two-dimensional planar. However, in some particular cases, for instance 8 evenly distributed through-holes machined on the auxiliary nozzle, precise three-dimensional modeling is obligatory for obtaining a reliable analysis result. In this contribution a three-dimensional simulation method is presented, which consists of two parts: a 3D fluid dynamics simulation implemented by Ansys CFX and a 3D electrostatic analysis implemented by COMSOL Electrostatics. The difference between using a precise three-dimensional model and compromised two-dimensional models is also investigated by a time-resolved comparison of analysis result. This provides an available reference for modeling simplification in a similar situation. Finally, the analysis result is utilized by a sophisticated equation to evaluate the transient breakdown voltage for the capacitive current switching test. The capacitive interruption performance in turn can be estimated by comparing the transient breakdown voltage to the transient recovery voltage.

This study investigated the formation mechanism of the oxide layer generated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) considering surface roughness of AZ31 Mg alloy. For this purpose, a series of MAO treatments under alternating current in a silicate-based electrolyte were performed on two present samples with grooved and flat surfaces. The time-voltage response presented that the grooved sample reached the breakdown voltage earlier than the flat sample. This indicated the appearance of micro-discharges on the grooved sample occurred earlier than that of the flat sample since the oxide fragments nucleated preferentially at the ridge areas where electrons were concentrated severely under high electrical field. The oxide layer of the grooved sample was relatively less dense than that of the flat sample. This was attributed to the fact that the oxide layer of the grooved sample was likely to grow with ease on pre-existing coating layer whereas the oxide layer of the flat sample developed conformably throughout the whole areas. Thus, the growth rate of the grooved sample was higher than that of the flat sample, which agreed well with micro-discharge activities. Such formation mechanism was proposed in relation to nucleation and growth of the oxide layer formed on different surface structures.

We reexamine a renormalizable model of a fermionic dark matter with a gauge singlet Dirac fermion and a real singlet scalar which can ameliorate the scalar mass hierarchy problem of the Standard Model (SM). Our model setup is the minimal extension of the SM for which a realistic dark matter (DM) candidate is provided and the cancellation of one-loop quadratic divergence to the scalar masses can be achieved by the Veltman condition (VC) simultaneously. This model extension, although renormalizable, can be considered as an effective low-energy theory valid up to cut-off energies about 10 TeV. We calculate the one-loop quadratic divergence contributions of the new scalar and fermionic DM singlets, and constrain the model parameters using the VC and the perturbative unitarity conditions. Taking into account the invisible Higgs decay measurement, we show the allowed region of new physics parameters satisfying the recent measurement of relic abundance. With the obtained parameter set, we predict the elastic scattering cross section of the new singlet fermion into target nuclei for a direct detection of the dark matter. We also perform the full analysis with arbitrary set of parameters without the VC as a comparison, and discuss the implication of the constraints by the VC in detail., 11 pages, 15 figures, title changed, discussion on running couplings added, journal version

High-pressure braking hose in the automobile power braking system undergoes the complicated large deformation cyclic motion during the driver's steering operation and the up and down motion of vehicle, so that the fatigue damage becomes accumulated in proportional to the cycle number. Since the occurrence of fatigue-induced micro crack in the braking hose may cause the oil leakage, the fatigue life assessment becomes the most important task in the design of high-durable braking hose. In this context, this paper intends to introduce a numerical method for predicting the fatigue life of braking hose in the lamination structure composed of pure rubber and fabric braided layers. A specific trajectory of braking hose in the combined tire's steering and car's up-down motion is defined as the target cyclic path, and the variations in strain and stress fields along the cyclic path are analyzed by the large deformation finite element analysis. The strain and stress cycles in their variations are calculated by the rainflow cycle counting method, and the fatigue life cycle is evaluated by three fatigue life evaluation models, together with the Palmgren-Miner accumulative damage law. The e - N curves of rubber layers are obtained by a specially designed displacement-controlled fatigue test using rubber specimens, while the inserted fabric braided layers which are excluded from the fatigue life assessment are modeled as an orthotropic material. The validity of the proposed numerical method is illustrated by the numerical experiments, and the fatigue life cycles to the evaluation model and to the cyclic path are investigated and compared. The fatigue life of braided 5-layer rubber hose in the complicated large deformation cycle motion is numerically evaluated.The fatigue life cycles are evaluated by three different fatigue evaluation models for two distinct cycle paths.The relative differences in the critical fatigue life cycles with respect to the basic strain-life approach are - 35.13 ~ + 18.80 % at the Morrow model and - 48.24 ~ + 12.04 % at the SWAT model, respectively.

A text localisation and tracking method is presented that finds text-regions in videos and assigns unique IDs to their trajectories. For the goal, a graph-based framework that can work with existing text detection methods is developed. To be precise, graphs are built where vertices are image-level text detection results and edges represent the correspondence scores of the vertices. From these graphs, text-region trajectories by using the graph-cut algorithm are extracted. This approach allows considering false positives and misses, as well as their patch-based tracking results at the same time, and text trajectories are reliably extracted. Finally, the results are refined by interpolating misses and filtering out false positives. The proposed method is submitted to the International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition 2015 robust reading competition (video text localisation) and the method showed the best performance in terms of CLEAR MOT metrics and was ranked third place according to VACE metrics among the seven participating methods.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of proteins. This study was performed to evaluate the association of BMP gene polymorphisms with acute renal allograft rejection (AR) and graft dysfunction (GD) in Koreans.Three hundred thirty-one patients who had kidney transplantation procedures were recruited. Transplantation outcomes were determined in terms of AR and GD criteria. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs1979855 (5' near gene), rs1049007 (Ser87Ser), rs235767 (intron), rs1005464 (intron), rs235768 (Arg190Ser), and rs3178250 (3; untranslated region).Among the six SNPs tested, the rs235767, rs1005464, and rs3178250 SNPs were significantly associated with AR (P .05). The rs1049007 and rs235768 SNPs also showed an association with GD (P .05).In conclusion, these results suggest that the BMP2 gene polymorphism may be related to the development of AR and GD in kidney transplant recipients.

The construction accidents in temporary structures have ceaselessly happened and these mostly lead to serious disasters associated with public criticism. Recently, the accidents under construction due to incomplete or faulty design has repeatedly occurred such as the overturned girder accident in Jangnam Bridge, the submerged incident in Noryangjin and the slab collapse in Banghwa Bridge. In order to prevent such accidents due to the faulty design in temporary structures, it`s important to set up the solid construction management system which allows the reasonable design change if necessary. In this regard, this study provides the basic data for the reasonable design change in temporary structures by conducting a question investigation to the construction, design, and supervising companies. From the survey results, the kind and range of the temporary structures which should considers the design change were suggested by the deduced reasonable processes.

Article 29(3) of Occupational Safety And Health Act, which states a contractor can request a design change to an employer of businesses under the risk condition of construction of temporary structure, was established. Accordingly, in this study, recent fatal accidents caused by temporary structures were analyzed, and the level of inclusion of temporary structures in the design document were examined, and high risk temporary structures were classified. In addition, the requirements of design change of temporary structures were presented, and the qualifications of expert to certify the design change were proposed.

Although everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been used as a potent immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation, data regarding its adverse effect profile compared with that of sirolimus in clinical circumstances are limited. A 50-year-old man who underwent simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation 14 months previously was admitted with large pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites. Laboratory findings and cultures for possible infectious causes were all negative. Pericardial window surgery with drainage of the pericardial fluid was performed on day 3. Pleural and pericardial biopsy revealed non-specific inflammation without evidence of malignant cells. Everolimus was discontinued and replaced by mycophenolate mofetil on day 4. Significant clinical improvement was observed after discontinuation of everolimus, and follow-up echocardiography and chest radiography showed no recurrence of the pericardial or pleural effusion after discharge.

The flange hub is a main component in an automotive steering system. In general, the flange hub are fabricated by mechanical machining, which is a process where material waste is inevitable. It is well-known that a net-shape cold forging cannot only reduce material waste but can also improve the mechanical strength of the final product. Thus, a forging process design was conducted for production of a flange hub. Significant spring-back occurs around the flange due to its small thickness in conjunction with the residual stresses after forging. In order to achieve the required dimensional accuracy, a process design with appropriate spring-back control is needed. In this study, a modification of the forging die was designed based on FE analysis with the purpose of spring-back compensation. Four kinds of different die designs were evaluated and the optimum design has two times less spring-back than the initial design. The compensation angle of the optimum design is 0.5 degrees. The results have been experimentally confirmed by cold forging of a flange hub and comparing the amount of spring-back between the actual component and the FE analysis.

The aim of this study was to predict the results of superplastic forming on magnesium alloy, by considering the grain growth using numerical simulations. Superplastic behavior of AZ31 alloy was investigated through a set of uniaxial tensile tests that cover the forming temperatures ranges from 375 to . All the material parameters in the model, which consists of a constitutive equation and a grain growth equation, were determined. The model was used in the finite element analysis for uniaxial tensile tests and superplastic blow forming, through a user-subroutine available within ABAQUS. From this study, the effect of grain growth during forming was evaluated. The results show that it is essential to include the effect of grain growth in predicting the behavior during superplastic forming of this magnesium alloy.

Tattooing is a performance for decorative and cosmetic marking by placing permanent ink into the skin. As the cultural meaning of tattoo in Korea is changing, the tattoo machines are widely spread n permanent cosmetic market. Though the use of the tattoo machine was increased, the evaluation standards of tattoo machine were not existed. Korea Food and Drug Association regulated the electrical and mechanical safety standards which were founded on the IEC 601-1 second edition. Also they regulated he biological safety standards which were derived from the ISO 10993 series, however, these general valuations of common medical device were insufficient for evaluating tattoo machine. We developed the standards of tattoo machine for safety and performance evaluation for tattoo machine by preliminary hazard analysis in ISO 14971. The evaluation criteria of tattoo machines are focused on the mechanical invasion. We suggested the additional evaluation items of the needle speed, length, vibration with general valuation criteria of common medical device. We anticipate that this research may be a primary stage to figure a standard regulation and evaluation for tattoo machine.

A Study on Effects of the Runner and the Gate of double shot injection molded Parts using CAE Double shot injection molding can inject two different materials or two different colors in the same mold in a injection molding process. Double shot injection molded parts can be characterized that the base part maintains strength and specified part can inject soft-material. It can reduce the production cost by single automatic operations. In this paper, we designed double shot injection mold for automobile emote control To inject secondary part, this part is used as an insert after external appearance of product is injected. CAE analysis was progressed gate location and runner size as variables. The analysis result is reflected in mold design process. As a result, it could solve problems which are generated in the conventional mold. Additionally, cost can be downed by reducing runner weight. As well as it could omit painting process because the surface of finished product is improved through new mold.

Pressure-controlled sodium heat pipe furnace was designed and fabricated, and its characteristics was investigated. Pressure control system was controlled within at 150 kPa and the stability of pressure was decreased to , when the pressure-controlled system connected with the heat pipe. The melting curve of Ag fixed-point realized well by the adiabatic method using the pressure-controlled sodium heat pipe furnace and its accuracy showed from the calculation of 20% to 80% at the plateau. The freezing curve of Ag fixed-point also realized and its plateau value was 2.23 mK lower than that of the melting curve.

Temperature measurement capability was inter-compared using the transfer standard platinum resistance thermometers(SPRT) among four laboratories of KRISS. The transfer SPRTs were primarily calibrated at the triple point of water and Ga melting point, then used at inter-comparison experiment. Temperature difference of calibration value between temperature laboratory and length laboratory at was -0.7 mK and +2.4 mK at density laboratory. Temperature measured near , and at fluid flow laboratory was deviated by from the calibration values of the transfer SPRT. Ga melting points was inter-compared among three laboratories, and the difference of Ga melting points against the standard Ga melting point of temperature laboratory were at length laboratory and 0.02 mK at density laboratory.

In this paper, a tele-operated gesture recognition mobile robot using a stereo vision is represented. We propose a real-time face and hand classification and 3D position extraction using a stereo vision embedded system. To obtain the disparity image, we used the stereo vision process on FPGA and developed the embedded system to obtain the image sequence for basic image processing. Then we applied the simple and reliable algorithm we developed to detect and classify the head and hand in real-time on Tele-operation server. The arm posture and hand trajectory were used for gesture recognition. We also show the experimental result to support validity of the system and the algorithm.

This present work investigated the influence of welding conditions, such as welding current, diameter of welding wire on the microstructural change, and mechanical properties of TIG welded joint in extruded AZ31B Mg plate. It was found that a good and sound welded joint was achieved in all welding conditions. The grain size decreased with increasing welding current and decreasing diameter of welding wire. In addition, the second phases were homogeneously distributed in the grain and grain boundary as the welding current and the diameter of the welding wire were decreased. β discontinuous precipitates were observed in the welded joint; this microstructure has not been reported by previous researches investigating AZ31B Mg alloy. The hardness value was affected by the existence state of the second phase and the hardness of the welded joint region was lower than the other regions in welded AZ31B Mg alloy. The strength of the welded joint region was influenced by the grain size and had more than 90 %, compared to that of ASTM standard specification.

Sixty-seven Hanwoo calves were allocated into two groups, 27 spring calves (SC) and 40 fall calves (FC) to investigate the effects of calving season on water and nutrient intakes, growth performance and disease occurrence for the nursing and the post-weaning period. Mean DMI of 3 to 4 mo old FC was lower than that of SC due to low temperature in winter for FC. Water intake was higher for FC (birth to 1 mo old) but lower for SC (2 to 4 mo old) than the others. Mean BW did not differ between SC and FC, but average daily gain for over 2 mo old SC were significantly higher than FC. Diarrhea was mainly observed when the calves were before 60 d old; in particular, it occurred more frequently for less than 30 d old FC compared with SC. The present results indicate that calving season may affect water intake, feed intake and growth performance of Hanwoo calves.

Background We aimed to develop a prediction model to identify long-term survivors after developing distant metastasis from breast cancer. Patients and methods From the institution's database, we collected data of 547 patients who developed distant metastasis during their follow-ups. We developed a model that predicts the post-metastasis overall survival (PMOS) based on the clinicopathologic factors of the primary tumors and the characteristics of the distant metastasis. For validation, the survival data of 254 patients from four independent institutions were used. Results The median duration of the PMOS was 31.0 months. The characteristics of the initial primary tumor, such as tumor stage, hormone receptor status, and Ki-67 expression level, and the characteristics of the distant metastasis presentation including the duration of disease-free interval, the site of metastasis, and the presence of metastasis-related symptoms were independent prognostic factors determining the PMOS. The association between tumor stage and the PMOS was only seen in tumors with early relapses. The PMOS score, which was developed based on the above six factors, successfully identified patients with superior survival after metastasis. The median PMOS for patients with a PMOS score of 5 were 71.0 and 12 months, respectively. The clinical significance of the PMOS score was further validated using independent multicenter datasets. Conclusions We have developed a novel prediction model that can classify breast cancer patients with distant metastasis according to their survival after metastasis. Our model can be a valuable tool to identify long-term survivors who can be potential candidates for more intensive multidisciplinary approaches. Furthermore, our model can provide a more reliable survival information for both physicians and patients during their informed decision-making process.

This paper proposes a heuristic algorithm for scheduling multiple channels and multiple timeslots in a time-constrained industrial wireless sensor network. The objective is to minimize the end-to-end (e2e) delay. The proposed algorithm is compared with the meta-heuristics in terms of the given e2e delay bound, where it is common in time-constrained industrial networks. Not surprisingly, the meta-heuristics is more accurate in finding a global optimum or sub-optimal values than the heuristic approach at the expense of significant run times and programming effort. The proposed greedy heuristic approach has advantages such as reflection of design context in decision-making and fast communication between stakeholders.

In the paper, a mechanistic cutting force model was suggested and the result was predicted in cutting process. The experimental coefficient modelling method was developed for the formulation of theoretical cutting force by considering the specific cutting force coefficient. Also, the specific cutting force that is the multiplication of specific cutting force coefficient and uncut chip thickness was used for the calculation of estimated force in endmilling in each direction. In this study, the cutting force mechanics of endmilling process are presented for theoretical force model in simple endmilling operations by considering the geometric shape of the workpiece part and it was compared with the measured force. As a result, the model presented shows a good consistency with the real measured force and the suggested model can be used for the prediction of force history in endmilling operation which has a different and complex conditions of start and exit immersion angle.

This study was conducted to select the promising varieties of alfalfa (va.) Venal, Ancho., P5444, DK120, DK125, Horizon, DK135, Luna and Kitawacaba at Daekwanryong branch(altitude 800m a.s.l.) and Namwon branch(altitude 450m a.5.1.) of National Livestock Research Institute Leaf width of alfalfa was broad in all varieties except fer Vernal, and DK125 was flowered the earliest of all varieties. Plant height of Luna was the longest, and winter hardness of P5444 was the greatest with 80.2% of all varieties. In Daekwanryong, dry matter(DM) yield of Luna was the highest and DM yield of vernal was the lowest among the varieties in Namwon. In both areas, dry matter yield ef P5444 was the highest of alfalfa varieties. In Daekwanryong, ADF and NDF concentrations of DK 120 were the lowest of all alfalfa varieties. In Namwon, ADF concentrations of Horizon was the lowest with 26％, and NDF concentrations of DK 125 and Horizon was the lowest with 40.8%. Crude protein concentrations of P5444, Luna and DK 120 were higher than that of different varieties in Daekwanryong and crude protein content of Horizon was the highest with 28.1% in Namwon. Average crude protein yield of both areas was the highest of P5444. The results of this study indicated that Luna, Horizon and P5444 would be the promising alfalfa varieties in Daekwanryong, Namwon and both areas, respectively.

A new acoustic transformer was developed by connecting three horns to improve radiation performance in the frequency region below 500 Hz. The proposed acoustic transformer was evaluated by numerical analysis using the commercial computer program SYSNOISE and by experiment. The acoustic transformer is composed of three horns, one of which was used in an inverted form. A design model was developed by use of Webster's horn equation and showed that the transformer can improve radiation efficiency. This was confirmed by numerical calculation using SYSNOISE. An acoustic projector was designed by use of the developed transformer and a piezoelectric unimorph-type actuator. The sound pressure measured at the mouth of the constructed acoustic projector was compared with the sound pressures evaluated at the same location by numerical calculation to investigate the differences between the numerical simulation model and the actual acoustic projector. Sound pressures generated by several acoustic radiators were calculated numerically and compared with the measured and calculated sound pressures of the developed acoustic projector to evaluate the effects of use of the proposed acoustic transformer. The comparative evaluation shows that the proposed acoustic transformer can provide up to a 10 dB gain over use of a horn in the narrow band low-frequency region from 100 to 200 Hz.

Computer simulation is essential to design the suspension elements of railway vehicle. By computer simulation, engineers can assess the feasibility of the given design factors and change them to get a better design. But if one wishes to perform complex analysis on the simulation, such as railway vehicle dynamic, the computational time can become overwhelming. Therefore, many researchers have used a surrogate model that has a regression model performed on a data sampling of the simulation. In general, metamodels(surrogate model) take the form y()＝f()＋, where y() is the true output, f() is the metamodel output, and is the error. In this paper, a second order polynomial equation is used as the RSM(response surface model) for high speed train that have twenty-nine design variables and forty-six responses. After the RSM is constructed, multi-objective optimal solutions are achieved by using a nonlinear programming method called VMM(variable matric method) This paper shows that the RSM is a very efficient model to solve the complex optimization problem.

(n-Hexadecylsulfonyl)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (16SP), (n-hexadecylthio)methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (16TP), [(6-n-nonylsulfonyl)hexylthio]methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (9S6TP), and [(6-n-nonylsulfonyl)hexylsulfonyl]methyl-substituted poly(oxyethylene) (9S6SP) were synthesized. 9S6SP and 16SP containing sulfonylmethyl side groups showed highly ordered smectic layer structures at room temperature and liquid crystalline behavior at higher temperatures, while 9S6TP and 16TP containing thiomethyl side groups did not show any liquid crystalline behavior. The ordered phases of the polymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, cross-polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The unusual liquid crystallinity of 16SP and 9S6SP was ascribed to the amphiphilic character of these polymers.

Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI, proCPU) is a 60kDa plasma zymogen that circulates at a concentration of about 75nM [1]. It is activated by thrombin [2,3], the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex [4], or plasmin [5] by proteolytic cleavage at arginine 92 to yield TAFIa, a metallocarboxypeptidase that attenuates fibrinolysis by several means. It removes the newly exposed C-terminal lysine residues on plasmin-modified fibrin (FN′) which reduces the cofactor activity of FN′ on t-PA mediated plasminogen (Pg) activation by approximately 100-fold [6]. It also eliminates protection by FN′ of Pn from inhibition by α2-antiplasmin [7]. It also attenuates the conversion of Glu1-Pg to Lys78-Pg [8], thereby diminishing positive feedback in Pg activation. Since the half-maximal effect of TAFIa occurs at 1nM [4], only about 1.3% of the TAFI zymogen needs to be activated to have a significant effect on fibrinolysis. Because TAFI is activated by thrombin, the TAFI pathway defines a molecular link between the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades such that activation of the former suppresses the latter. Much is known about the functioning of the TAFI pathway in vitro, but little is known about its functioning in vivo. Approximately two decades ago, Giles et al. studied the effects of the infusion of a procoagulant combination of human fXa and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine (PCPS) lipid vesicles [9] on the fibrinolytic cascade in chimpanzees [10]. The chimpanzees were lightly anesthetized. Sixty minutes later, the fXa/PCPS was infused as a bolus over 30 seconds. Blood samples were collected into PPACK plus citrate, using a two-syringe technique, at five minutes before and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes after the infusion. PPACK was used to prevent preanalytical artifacts seen when t-PA is present [11,12]. Samples were immediately placed on the ice. Plasma was prepared in the cold, snap frozen in methanol and dry ice, and stored at −80°C. The experiments are described in detail in reference [10]. They found that within the first two minutes, fibrinogen levels declined and plateaued. In the same interval, the fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels transiently peaked. In addition, t-PA antigen and activity levels rose transiently and peaked at about 10 minutes following the infusion of fXa/PCPS. D-dimer and FDP levels increased up to about 10 minutes and then plateaued. The magnitudes of these effects were dependent upon the dose of fXa/PCPS. At the highest dose, the effects were extreme. Fibrinogen decreased to zero within five minutes; t-PA antigen and activity levels increased about 800-fold within 10 minutes; FDP levels rose to 2000 μg/ml and D-dimers rose to about 400 μg/ml. The timing of these changes was similar but the magnitudes were smaller with the smaller doses. At the time these studies were done, the TAFI pathway was unknown. We recently described a new assay for measuring functional TAFIa in plasma [13]. It is based on the ability of TAFIa to catalyze the release of fluorescent plasminogen bound to soluble high molecular weight fibrin degradation products that are covalently attached to a fluorescence quencher. The release of plasminogen is measured by an increase in fluorescence and the rate of this process is proportional to the TAFIa concentration. The assay is specific and sensitive to TAFIa at a concentration as low as 20 pM in plasma. We applied this assay to some of the samples obtained by Giles et al. in the experiments described above [10], and the results are shown in Figure 1. Three different doses of fXa/PCPS (dose fXa/PCPS administered per kg bodyweight) were infused. The lowest dose consisted of 12.25 pmoles fXa and 18.85 nmoles PCPS; the intermediate dose was 17.05 pmoles fXa and 26.20 nmoles PCPS; and the highest dose was 24.50 pmoles fXa and 37.70 nmoles PCPS. In addition, total TAFI antigen levels were measured by ELISA using a matched-pair antibody set from Affinity Biologicals Inc. (Ancaster, Ontario, Canada). Figure 1 TAFIa generation in vivo in chimpanzees All three chimpanzees generated TAFIa transiently, with a half-life of about 8 minutes. TAFIa peak levels that were generated by the lowest to the highest dose of fXa/PCPS were 730 pM at 2 minutes, 4400 pM at 2 minutes, and 6500 pM at 10 minutes, respectively. The total TAFI antigen did not systematically decrease over the duration of the experiment and no appreciable consumption of antigen occurred. The average TAFI concentrations and standard errors of the mean over the duration of the experiments for the chimpanzees treated with lowest to the highest dose of fXa/PCPS were 54.1±1.6, 60.0±2.6, and 77.1±4.0 nM, respectively. In all cases, TAFIa levels were sufficient to affect fibrinolysis, given that the half-maximal effect of TAFIa occurs at 1nM [4]. TAFIa was generated transiently and the half-life was 8–10 minutes. The plasma half-life is very similar to the half-life for spontaneous decay of TAFIa found in vitro [14], which is consistent with the apparent lack of an endogenous TAFIa inhibitor. There was a positive correlation between the dose of fXa/PCPS and the TAFIa peak level. In addition, it is also plausible that in the later time points, TAFI activation was mediated not only by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex but also plasmin, since free plasmin accumulates to a steady level during clot lysis in vitro [7]. The plausibility of this is evident with the highest dose of fXa/PCPS, where two peaks of TAFIa are apparent at 2 and 10 minutes, respectively. A recent study by Binette et al. demonstrated high levels of functional TAFIa generated in baboons during Escherichia coli-induced sepsis by clot lysis times [15]. Willemse et al. also demonstrated that TAFI activation is induced in vivo in ischemic stroke patients during thrombolytic therapy [16]. The results here demonstrate that the infusion of the procoagulant combination of fXa and PCPS is able to activate TAFI in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these studies demonstrate TAFI activation at levels that could substantially affect fibrinolysis, and also the connection between the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades in vivo.

The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and current status of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration for making the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years of RHIC operation is also presented., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Further details of the PHENIX physics program available at http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/phenix/

A search for single and multi-photon events with missing energy is performed using data collected at centre-of-mass energies between 161 GeV and 172 GeV for a total of 20.9 pb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The results obtained are used to derive the value for the $\nu\bar{\nu}\gamma(\gamma)$ cross section as well as upper limits on new physics processes.

We present a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at LEP at the center of mass energies of 161 and 172 GeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 21.25 pb-1 collected during the high energy runs of 1996. The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are well reproduced by QCD models. From a comparison of the data with resummed second order QCD calculations, we determine the strong coupling constant at the two energies. Combining with our earlier measurements we find that the strong coupling constant decreases with increasing energy as expected in QCD.

A search for excited leptons $\rm e^*,~\mu^*, ~\tau^*$ and $\nu_{\rm e}^*$ in $\rm e^+e^-$ collisions at $\rm \sqrt{s}$ = 161 GeV is performed using the $\rm 10.8 ~pb^{-1}$ of data collected by the L3 detector at LEP. No evidence has been found for their existence. From an analysis of the expected $\ell^*\ell^*$ pair production in the channels $\rm ee\gamma\gamma$, $\rm \mu\mu\gamma\gamma$, $\rm \tau\tau\gamma\gamma$, $\rm eeWW$, and $\rm \nu\nu\gamma\gamma$, the lower mass limits at 95\% C.L. are 79.7 GeV for $\rm e^{*}$, 79.9 GeV for $\mu^{*}$, 79.3 GeV for $\tau^{*}$ and 71.3 GeV for $\nu_{\rm e}^{*}$ assuming the same couplings as for standard leptons. From an analysis of the expected $\ell\ell^*$ single production in channels $\rm ee\gamma$, $\mu\mu\gamma$, $ \tau\tau\gamma$, $\rm \nu_{e}eW$ and $\nu\nu\gamma$, the upper limits on the couplings $\lambda/m_{\ell^*}$ up to $m_{\ell^{*}}$ = 161 GeV are determined.

A search for unstable sequential neutral and charged heavy leptons has been made at center-of-mass energies 130 and 136 GeV with the L3 detector at LEP. The neutral leptons are assumed to decay via mixing to electrons and muons. No evidence for their existence was found. We exclude unstable Dirac neutrinos for masses below 59.3 (57.9) GeV and unstable Majorana neutrinos below 48.6 (47.2) GeV if the neutrino couples to the electron(muon) family. We exclude unstable charged heavy leptons for masses below 61 GeV for a wide range of the associated neutral lepton mass.

A search for supersymmetric particles (charginos, neutralinos, sleptons and stop quarks) has been performed with data collected by the L3 detector during the November 1995 run of the LEP collider at centre of mass energies between 130 and 140 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 5.1 pb−1. We observe no signal for supersymmetric particles and we set improved exclusion limits on their production cross sections and masses.