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This study was designed to optimize a method to improve porcine parthenogenetic embryo hatching and trophoblast culture. Mature oocytes (D0PPA) and day 6 blastocysts (D6PPA) were perforated with a 20 μm diameter needle for assisted hatching. The two groups showed a significant difference in hatching rate and blastocyst cell doubling when compared to a non-perforated control group. D0PPA blastocysts were able to form tertiary trophoblast colonies but D6PPA and control groups were not able to grow beyond primary colonies. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed significant differences in BAX, BAX/BCL2L1 and HSP70-2 mRNA expression between the experimental groups.

In this paper, OCA has been discussed in detail in design methodologies under various scenario, fabrication development and finally the experimental characterization results. This paper emphasizes exploring the co-design of OCA with reader's antenna, tag's circuit and the fabrication technology. The matching-area on the Smith Chart has been proposed to predict and guide the matching network design for OCA. As an example, OCA has been successfully demonstrated on a 2.45 GHz RFID tag chip with area of 1times 0.5 mm2

The design and implementation of a 2.4 GHz fully integrated VCO with direct FM/FSK modulation capability is presented. The VCO utilizes an accumulation mode MOS (aMOS) varactor as the major frequency tuning element. A tiny aMOS varactor of similar geometry is also incorporated in parallel for direct baseband modulation. Abrupt CV profile of aMOS varactor is linearized through direct coupling to the full-swing of the VCO tank circuit. Concept of this large-signal CV linearization is fully elaborated. The VCO prototype has been fabricated in 0.35 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Measured at 3.0 V supply, the VCO demonstrates 14% tuning range, 920 KHz/V linear modulation gain, -103 dBc/Hz phase noise at 100 KHz offset frequency with core current drawn of approximately 7 mA.