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The association between infarct location and hemorrhagic transformation of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy is not understood. We aimed to evaluate the association between CTP-based ischemic core variables at admission and hemorrhagic transformation after a successful thrombectomy.We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion between October 2019 and June 2021. We enrolled 146 patients with visible ischemic core on pretreatment CTP who had successful reperfusion. The ischemic core infarct territories were classified into the cortical and subcortical areas and then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by CTP. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine the association between ischemic core variables and hemorrhagic transformation.Of the 146 patients analyzed, 72 (49.3%) had hemorrhagic transformation and 23 (15.8%) had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariate analysis showed that subcortical infarcts were independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 8.06; 95% CI, 2.31-28.10;Subcortical infarcts seen on CTP at admission are associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients after successful thrombectomy, and subcortical infarct volume may influence the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

To evaluate the prognostic value of the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) on 90-day clinical outcome in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with late therapeutic window.One hundred and sixty-eight consecutive AIS patients with anterior-circulation large-vessel occlusion who underwent endovascular thrombectomy during the late window were enrolled retrospectively. Clinical data, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) based on unenhanced computed tomography (CT), and perfusion parameters included ischaemic core, hypoperfusion volume, mismatch volume between core and penumbra, and the HIR were assessed and compared between patients with or without favourable outcomes (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2). Statistical analysis included binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.A favourable outcome was achieved in 76 (45.2%) patients. In univariable analysis, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, ASPECTS score, HIR, ischaemic core, and hypoperfusion volume were significantly associated with functional outcome (p0.05). In multivariate analyses, age (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.99), NIHSS score at admission (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.96) and HIR (OR 0.018, 95% CI 0.003-0.113) remained as independent outcome predictors (p0.01). The optimal threshold of HIR was 0.36 (sensitivity 70.7%, specificity 61.8%). The combination of age, NIHSS score at admission, and HIR yield good performance for outcome prediction with an area under the ROC curve of 0.815 (sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 64.1%), significantly higher than individual variable (p0.05).Low HIR was a predictor for favourable outcome in AIS patients with late therapeutic window. Integrating HIR with clinical variables improved the ability for outcome classification.

It has been shown that vitrified-warmed oocytes exhibit autophagic activation. However, its regulatory molecular mechanism of autophagy needs to be clarified.To determine the role of signaling pathway of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in the regulation of autophagy in oocytes during vitrification-warming and IVM.Oocytes from mice were vitrified-warmed and IVM. The expressions of LC3-II, Beclin-1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR protein were determined. Moreover, the ATP level, viability of vitrified-warmed oocytes, and their developmental potential were measured.At 6 h of incubation of warmed oocytes, the LC3-II and Beclin-1 expressions were markedly up-regulated, whereas PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins expressions were significantly down-regulated. In addition, autophagy inhibition significantly decreased ATP level, viability of oocytes, and their developmental potential.Autophagy plays a protective role in the oocytes during vitrification-warming and IVM. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway participated in regulating autophagy activity in oocyte during vitrification-warming and IVM.

Characterized by eminent mechanical properties, chemical stability and biosafety, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), as a brand-new type of biomedical material, has been applied in the field of stomatology. This review elaborates on basic behaviors and fabrication methods of PEEK and its composite, and their application in fixed dental prostheses (FDP) as frameworks as well as their adhesive properties. Meanwhile, this review also looks into the prospect of the integration of additive manufacturing in fabricating frameworks of PEEK and its composite in FDP.作为一种新型生物医学材料，聚醚醚酮具备优异的力学性能、化学稳定性和生物安全性，已应用于口腔医学领域。本文就口腔固定义齿支架用聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的基本性能、加工工艺、粘接性能和应用现状进行综述，并对增材制造加工口腔固定义齿支架用聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的前景作一展望。.

This paper presents a novel system to protect the reinforced steels from corrosion in the underwater zone by removal of the dissolved oxygen. The factors that influence the corrosion processes such as the pH value and the dissolved oxygen concentration were monitored for 48 hours in this system. And the effects of the dissolved oxygen consumption under different output currents and flow rates were compared. Then the corrosion rate of the steels under protection using this system was monitored for 100 hours. At last, a contrastive analysis was conducted between the scanning electron microscope surface morphologies of two bare steel specimens immersed in the underwater zone for 30 days with and without protection. The results showed that the pH value would increase and the dissolved oxygen concentration would decrease in the novel system, which is beneficial to protect the steels. The dissolved oxygen concentration could be reduced to a low value when the output current and the flow rate are appropriate. St...

Macro structural properties of functionally graded material depend on micro net structures. Thus, there is important theoretical significance in studying the influence of material microstructural changes on the macro responses of functionally graded material structures. Here, a new microelement method is proposed. Scale-span analyses between macro responses and micro-constitution were conducted based on metallography input instead of traditional mechanical input of materials parameters. To reflect the actual microstructural changes in functionally graded materials, the microelement method established dense microelements in the normal finite element of the structure, and translated the freedom degrees of all microelemental nodes to the freedom degrees of the same normal finite elements by compatibility conditions. Three-dimensional mechanical analyses of functionally graded material plates with medium components and micro net structures were determined by the microelement method, and the influence ...

BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases. A recent study has implicated that the genetic variants of the SLC6A11 gene encoding GAT-3, an astrocytic GABA transporter, may influence the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the Korean population. METHODS This study aims to investigate the possible associations between SLC6A11 gene and drug resistance in Chinese epilepsy patients. Genomic DNA from 240 drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients and 336 drug responsive epilepsy patients was tested for the polymorphisms using Illumina GoldenGate assay. RESULTS None of the 14 tagSNP alleles and genotypes were found to be related to DRE. The frequencies of haplotype 5 was obviously lower in DRE patients than that in drug responsive epilepsy patients (1% vs. 4%, OR = 2.56 [0.107 - 0.763], p = 0.01). However, after the correction of multiple comparisons with Bonferroni's method, we found that haplotype 5 was not associated with DRE. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested no existing association between the 14 SNPs of SLC6A11 and AEDs efficacy in the Chinese Han population.

To clarify the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and the clinicopathologic features of primary lung adenocarcinomas in Xinjiang.The mutations of EGFR gene at exons 18-21 in 59 cases (including 15 cases of Uighur and 44 cases of Han) of lung adenocarcinoma tissues, which were obtained from surgical resection, were detected by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method. And the relationships among mutations, race and clinicopathologic features were analyzed.The frequencies of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma were 20% for Uighur, which was lower than that in Han (54.5%), P0.05. The deletion mutations at exon 19 were seen in 2 of 15 Uighur cases and 9 of 44 Han cases. EGFR mutations were present, including exon 21 L858R in one Uighur case and 12 Han cases, exon 18 G719X in two of 44 cases of Han, exon 21 L861Q in one of them. On histological type, the frequencies of EGFR mutation in alveolar predominant adenocarcinoma was 71% (22/31), which was higher than both that in solid predominant and mucinous carcinoma ( 6.7%, 20% respectively). According to statistic analysis, EGFR mutations were without correlation with the patient's gender, age, location, gross type, smoking status and lymph node metastasis(P0.05). EGFR mutation was more frequent in well-differentiated cancer, mainly in acinar carcinoma, while poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucous adenocarcinoma were lower.There was a difference of EGFR mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma between Uighur and Han in Xinjiang, perhaps reflecting ethnic genetic variation, which is worth further analyzing. EGFR mutation was commonly detected in well or middle differentiated adenocarcinoma, mainly in acinar carcinoma.

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is recommended to stabilize the voltage and frequency in isolated micro-grid. However, common VSG control is challenged by widely used unbalance loads, and the linked unbalance voltage problem worsens the power quality of the micro-grid. In this paper, the mathematical model of VSG was presented. Based on the analysis of positive- and negative-sequence equivalent circuit of VSG, an approach was proposed to eliminate the negative-sequence voltage of VSG with unbalance loads. Delay cancellation method and PI controller were utilized to identify and suppress the negative-sequence voltages. Simulation results verify the feasibility of proposed control strategy.

137Cs in the soil was used to estimate soil erosion at two National Soil Conservation Program benchmark sites in the province of Quebec (sites 15-QU and 16-QU). The 137Cs baseline in an uneroded forest area was approximately 3100 Bq m−2. The 137Cs content at site 15-QU ranged from 1072 Bq m−2 to 6389 Bq m−2, while at site 16-QU it ranged from 663 Bq m−2 to 5444 Bq m−2. Computed net erosion over the past 30 yr at site 15-QU varied from a loss of 9.65 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 10.88 kg m−2 yr−1 and at site 16-QU from a loss of 6.38 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 1.73 kg m−2 yr−1. The average net erosion rates were 2.43 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 15-QU and 1.29 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 16-QU. Soil samples collected on a grid pattern indicated that 90% and 83% of the area at sites 15-QU and 16-QU, respectively, was subjected to net soil loss. A comparison of total 137Cs movement from eroded areas to depositional areas showed that 24.2% of 137Cs was lost from site 15-QU, while about 17.6% of 137Cs was lost from site 16-QU. Mapping of 137Cs content and calculated soil loss and deposition showed that soil erosion was closely related to topography.Under similar slope conditions, the soil erosion rates were 27–68% higher at site 15-QU than at site 16-QU. Higher tillage frequency and use of silage corn were the suggested reasons for the higher soil erosion rates at site 15-QU compared with site 16-QU, which had been used for hay and small grains. Key words: 137Cs, erosion, deposition, soil conservation

Use of fallout 137Cs for measuring soil erosion rates requires an accurate estimate of the mean areal activity of 137Cs of an uneroded reference site. To study the short-range variability of 137Cs in a forest soil, 16 profiles were sampled in a small area (8 × 8 m). Variability was relatively low (CV = 16%), so that the mean areal activity (3163 Bq m−2) at this reference site was estimated with a relatively low allowable error (137Cs of reference sites, particularly those located in forest areas, it is suggested to collect at least five subsamples, 1–10 m apart and composite them into a single sample for analysis. Key words: 137Cs, short-range variability, water erosion

A multi-residue method was developed for the determination of 450 pesticide residues in honey, fruit juice and wine using double-cartridge solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The method development was based on an appraisal of the characteristics of GC-MS and LC-MS-MS for 654 pesticides as well as the efficiency of extraction and purification from honey, fruit juice and wine. Samples were first diluted with water plus acetone, then extracted with portions of dichloromethane. The extracts were concentrated and cleaned up with graphitized carbon black and aminopropyl cartridges stacked in tandem. Pesticides were eluted with acetonitrile + toluene, and the eluates were concentrated. For 383 pesticides, the eluate was extracted with hexane twice and internal standard solution was added prior to GC-MS determination. For 67 pesticides, extraction was with methanol prior to LC-MS-MS determination. The limit of detection for the method was between 1.0 and 300 ng g(-1) depending on each pesticide analyte. At the three fortification levels of 2.0-3000 ng g(-1), the average recovery rates were between 59 and 123%, among which 413 pesticides (92% of the 450) had recovery rates of 70-120% and 35 pesticides (8% of the 450) had recovery rates of 59-70%. There were 437 pesticides (97% of the 450) with a relative standard deviation below 25%; there were 13 varieties (3% of the 450) between 25.0 and 30.4%.

A study was made of the distribution and depletion of clopidol residues at different tissue locations in chickens fed with feeds incurred with clopidol. Experiments showed that the residue levels were not identical at 5 different tissue locations in each chicken. The sequence of residue levels from high to low was livers, kidneys, upper breast, lower breast, and leg meat. The maximum residue values after suspension of the drug for 8 h were (mg/kg): livers, 4.600; kidneys, 3.619; upper breast, 1.742; lower breast, 1.641; leg meat, 1.525. The averages were taken after values for 10 chickens were determined. After suspension of the drug for 3 days,80% residue clopidol was depleted, and the depletion was nearly completed within 7 days. The speed of depletion varied at different tissue locations in each chicken, with the sequence from fast to slow being equivalent to that of the residue levels. Analytical results of 350 samples during 7 days showed that the proposed method is specific for determination of clopidol in chickens.

A simple and specific liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of clopidol in chicken tissues. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile. The extracts were cleaned up on an alumina column and an anion exchange column. The clopidol was separated on a column (30 cm x 3.9 mm) of microBondapak C18 (10 microm) by using acetonitrile-water (20 + 80, v/v) as mobile phase, and determined quantitatively at 270 nm. Recoveries were 86.0-97.6%, with relative standard deviations of 2.14-9.42% at 0.010-2.0 mg/kg from 4 spiked matrixes of chicken muscle, egg, liver, and kidney. The limit of detection was 0.005 mg/kg. Compared with the modified AOAC gas chromatographic method, the present method is simple and fast to operate. Its results are accurate and reliable, making it favorable for environmental protection and meeting requirements for human safety. Thus, it is suitable for routine analysis of large quantities of samples.

A summary is presented of the liquid chromatographic (LC) determination of clopidol residues in export chickens from 1992 to 1999. Over the past 8 years, we analyzed7000 chicken samples. A total of 0.66% of samples contained clopidol residues, ranging from 0.005 to 0.79 mg/kg; however, none exceeded 3 mg/kg, the Chinese maximum residue limit. In comparison with 1992, the number of samples multiplied 70-fold, and the frequency of clopidol found in samples decreased 148-fold in 1999. The chickens inspected were exported to foreign countries; all were cleared by the buyers with no disputes. This report also introduces the critical control points of the proposed LC method as well as identification of false-positive procedures by both experience and LC/mass spectrometric confirmation. Our experiences over the past 8 years have demonstrated that the ruggedness of the proposed LC method is quite good.

Fourteen laboratories from 6 countries and regions participated in an international collaborative study to evaluate a multiresidue gas chromatographic (GC) method for determining 8 synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in grains, fruits, and vegetables. The study design was based on Youden's matched-pairs principle for collaborative tests of analytical methods. Each laboratory analyzed 12 collaborative samples of wheat, oranges, and tomatoes as blind samples. Wheat samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (2 + 1), while orange and tomato samples were extracted with acetone. Residues were partitioned into hexane, evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator, and then dissolved in hexane. The hexane extract was partitioned with acetonitrile and cleaned up on a 5% water-deactivated Florisil column with 6% ethyl ether in hexane as eluant. Residue concentrations were determined by GC with electron capture detection with splitless injection by comparison with single-point calibration standards. The appropriate standard concentration was determined by screening sample extracts before analysis. The multiresidue method was tested over the concentration range of 0.095-1.909 mg/kg depending on the 8 different of pesticides and agricultural products analyzed in the collaborative study. Statistical analysis of data from 13 laboratories showed weighted average recoveries for 8 pyrethroids in wheat, oranges, and tomatoes at 0.105-1.909, 0.095-1.909, and 0.105-0.954 mg/kg, respectively, ranging from 91.8 to 100.2%, from 88.1 to 100.6%, and from 88.2 to 101.5%, respectively. Reproducibility relative standard deviation values ranged from 6.46 to 17.74%, from 5.94 to 18.13%, and from 5.59 to 10.48%, respectively. Repeatability relative standard deviation values ranged from 6.34 to 10.84%, from 5.19 to 11.72%, and from 3.20 to 8.09%, respectively. The multiresidue GC method for determining synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural products has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Growth of rhizobia and other soil bacteria on nutrient-rich media is an idealized situation which rarely happens in nature. Energy is lacking in natural environment, and many ecosystems are termed oligotrophic, such as soil and water. Rhizobia will suffer starvation when they are in those conditions however, it seems that rhizobia do have some stratgies to surive, and even to grow in oligotrophic environments. This poster presents data of experiments on the viability and infectivity of both slow-grower and fast-grower of soybean rhizobia stored in distilled water at ambient temperature.

200 rhizobial strains have been isolated from root nodules of Astragalus sinisus which were sampled from seven southern provinces of China, the main A. sinicus traditional growing areas. rep-PCR fingerprinting of the 200 isolates revealed that there are two main groups. The 16S–23S rDNA intergenetic region were amplified using a pair of primer pHr and p23SRol (1), and PCR products varied in length. Major strains produced a single DNA fragment with size of around of 2.0kb, while several strains produced a very small fragment (600bp), and one strain produced very clear both two kinds of bands. RFLP analysis using 4 restriction enzymes gave 11 combined patterns (genotypes) among 200 isolates.

The stability of 8 synthetic pyrethroids in 9 crops during storage for 90 days were studied. The 8 pyrethroid insecticides were highly persistent in the 6 grains during storage. But their stabilities in 3 kinds of fruits and vegetables were different from those in the 6 grains: Most of them were degraded. Florisil purification conditions were studied with 6 batches of Florisil from 3 countries at various extents of deactivation and amounts. The best conditions of Florisil purification found in this present research agree with those found 1 year ago. The efficiencies of acetonitrile and acetone to extract the 8 pyrethroids from 6 fruit and vegetable samples were compared. The extraction efficiency of acetone was competitive with that of acetonitrile for the 6 fruit and vegetable samples. Method performance was evaluated by 6 analysts from different areas. The ruggedness tests demonstrate further that the proposed method is simple, accurate with good precision, and suitable for multiresidue analysis of pyrethroids in various agriculture products.

Astragalus sinicus L. is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing leguminous green manure crop traditionally grown in rice fields in the lower Yangtze Valley, southeastern China and Japan. In the lower Yangtze Valley, after the rice crop is harvested in September/October, A. sinicus seeds are sown to the drained field. The crop is plowed under at full blossoming stage in April/May; after that the field is flooded and prepared for transplanting rice seedlings. A fair yield of the green manure crop amounts to thirty to forty metric tons per hectare of fresh material, including tops and roots, containing approximately four kilograms nitrogen per metric ton, if well nodulated by efficient rhizobia. A. sinicus is grown yearly or in alternation with winter wheat, barley or rapeseed.

The structural, magnetic, and transport properties of Mo doping La0.67Sr0.33Mn1−xMoxO3 (x=0–0.04) manganite system have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetization, and magnetoresistance measurements. The Mo doping in Mn site is found to lower the Curie temperature Tc slightly and induce the cluster spin glass behavior in ferromagnetic state of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3. The room temperature magnetoresistance of Mo doping La0.67Sr0.33Mn1−xMoxO3 is found to be 50% higher than that of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 without Mo doping. The significant enhancement for room temperature magnetoresistance could likely be attributed to the presence of the cluster spin glass state caused by the Mo doping.

HIV-1 neutralizing activity was demonstrated in serum and 200-fold concentrated urine from individuals who were HIV-1 antibody positive in both their serum and urine, including AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, ARC, and asymptomatic patients. Virus neutralization activity was detected in 23 of 56 (41.1%) of the serum samples and in 19 of 56 (33.9%) of the urine samples tested, with titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:256 and 1:1 to 1:4, respectively. The highest frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity (87.5%) and the highest mean neutralization titers (1:65) were found in the ARC patients. A high prevalence of p24 antigen in serum and low numbers of T4-lymphocytes correlated with a low frequency of neutralizing activity in either serum or urine in the infected individuals. HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine was shown to be due to immunoglobulins using a Sephadex G-100 filtration gel. All 19 urine samples with neutralizing activity contained antibodies reactive with envelope glycoproteins gp160, gp120, and gp41 by Western blot, similar to that seen with serum. The frequency of HIV-1 neutralizing activity in the urine concentrates was generally associated with high titers of neutralizing antibody in the corresponding serum. These findings suggest that HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies are lost in the urine by an as yet unknown mechanism.

Phospholipases A1 and A2 catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl groups of phospholipids at C-1 and C-2, respectively. These phospholipases are important in phospholipid catabolism and the remodeling of the acyl groups of phospholipids. Phospholipase A from hamster heart cytosol was purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was assessed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two-dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological studies. The purified enzyme exhibited both phospholipase A1 and A2 activities toward phosphatidylcholine and had the ability to hydrolyze the acyl groups of phosphatidylethanolamine. However, the enzyme was not active toward lysophosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, or triacylglycerol. By Sepharose 6B chromatography, the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 140,000. Analysis of the purified enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme was composed of identical Mr 14,000 subunits. At least six subunits in the native enzyme could be cross-linked by dimethyl suberimidate. Both phospholipase A1 and A2 activities showed similar pH profiles, exhibited no absolute requirements for divalent metallic cations, but displayed a high degree of specificity for the acyl groups of phosphatidylcholine at both C-1 and C-2. The Km of phospholipases A1 and A2 for 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidon-ylglycerophosphocholine was found to be identical (0.5 mM).

The sera of well-characterized populations were examined for three markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; HIV antigen (HIV Ag), and antibodies to HIV envelope (gp41) and core (p24) proteins. Of 563 serum samples tested, 251 were from HIV-infected patients diagnosed as having AIDS manifested by opportunistic infections (AIDS-OI), AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS), or AIDS-related complex (ARC). One hundred seventy-six specimens tested were from asymptomatic high-risk individuals, and 136 were from heterosexual control subjects or patients with non-AIDS-related disease. None of the 136 control individuals tested had HIV Ag or HIV antibodies to either p24 or gp41. Of the 427 HIV-seropositive individuals, 99% to 100% were positive for gp41 antibodies to HIV. In contrast, the seroprevalence of p24 antibodies to HIV varied from 23% to 83% and appeared to be inversely associated with the severity of the patients' clinical symptoms. When specimens were analyzed for the presence of HIV Ag, in seropositive individuals the prevalence rate for this marker was lowest (1.4%) in asymptomatic individuals and highest (50%) in the AIDS-OI diagnosed group. Also, 240 cases with AIDS-KS, AIDS-OI, and ARC and the group of asymptomatic high-risk individuals were analyzed for T helper/T lymphocytes (T4) cell number and T4/T8 ratio; only one (2.0%) HIV Ag-positive case showed a T4 cell number greater than 400 and a normal T4/T8 ratio. These studies appear to demonstrate a direct correlation between the presence of HIV Ag and the severity of clinical complications of HIV infection.

Lysophosphatidylcholine is the major lysophospholipid in mammalian tissues and has been shown to be cytolytic at high concentrations. In the present study we demonstrated that the level of lysophosphatidylcholine was significantly increased in the heart of rats fed with a vitamin E-deficient diet. Moreover, the cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level was decreased in rats fed with a high vitamin E diet. The alterations in cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level by dietary vitamin E were attributed to the changes in the activity of cardiac phospholipase A. Dietary vitamin E affected both phospholipase A1 and A2 in the same manner, but had no effect on the other major enzymes which are responsible for the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibition of enzyme activity by vitamin E was essentially non-competitive. The accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the rat heart may be one of the underlying biochemical causes of the observed cardiac dysfunctions produced during vitamin E deficiency.