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1. Mango‐GPP: A Process‐Based Model for Simulating Gross Primary Productivity of Mangrove Ecosystems

Author

Yuqi Tang, Tingting Li, Xiu‐Qun Yang, Qingchen Chao, Chunlin Wang, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Jiangong Liu, Xudong Zhu, Xiaosong Zhao, Xingwang Fan, Yiping Zhang, Qiwen Hu, and Zhangcai Qin

Subjects
process‐based model, mangrove, gross primary productivity, restore, Mango‐GPP, blue carbon, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Abstract Mangrove ecosystems are becoming increasingly important in global climate mitigation. However, large gaps still exist in evaluating mangroves' gross primary productivity (GPP) due to reasons such as the specific influences, for example, temperature and salt stresses are poorly described in Earth System Models (ESMs). This study developed a process‐based biogeochemical model (Mango‐GPP) to improve the GPP simulation in natural and restored mangroves. The model integrates mangrove‐specific physiological processes, including the response to salt and temperature stresses, as well as the light‐use efficiency at different growing stages. Eddy covariance flux measurements at two natural sites and one restored site in China were used to calibrate and validate Mango‐GPP. The model was calibrated by inverse analysis approach based on two cases and independently validated against the other cases. The validation results showed that it was generally capable of simulating the seasonal and interannual GPP variations at different sites. The simulated daily and annual GPPs agreed well with the observations and yielded R2 of 0.67 and 0.96, with model efficiency of 0.64 and 0.93, respectively. In comparison, Mango‐GPP showed better performances than many current satellite‐based GPP products and ESMs. The model was more sensitive to solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf traits. Future improvements should focus on enhancing Mango‐GPP's descriptive power of key processes, and further simulating other carbon fluxes at regional scales. This work provides a model foundation for further simulating carbon exchanges between the atmosphere, mangrove, and ocean for studying the coastal wetland restoration on regional carbon neutrality.

Published
2023
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3. FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

K. B. Delwiche, S. H. Knox, A. Malhotra, E. Fluet-Chouinard, G. McNicol, S. Feron, Z. Ouyang, D. Papale, C. Trotta, E. Canfora, Y.-W. Cheah, D. Christianson, Ma. C. R. Alberto, P. Alekseychik, M. Aurela, D. Baldocchi, S. Bansal, D. P. Billesbach, G. Bohrer, R. Bracho, N. Buchmann, D. I. Campbell, G. Celis, J. Chen, W. Chen, H. Chu, H. J. Dalmagro, S. Dengel, A. R. Desai, M. Detto, H. Dolman, E. Eichelmann, E. Euskirchen, D. Famulari, K. Fuchs, M. Goeckede, S. Gogo, M. J. Gondwe, J. P. Goodrich, P. Gottschalk, S. L. Graham, M. Heimann, M. Helbig, C. Helfter, K. S. Hemes, T. Hirano, D. Hollinger, L. Hörtnagl, H. Iwata, A. Jacotot, G. Jurasinski, M. Kang, K. Kasak, J. King, J. Klatt, F. Koebsch, K. W. Krauss, D. Y. F. Lai, A. Lohila, I. Mammarella, L. Belelli Marchesini, G. Manca, J. H. Matthes, T. Maximov, L. Merbold, B. Mitra, T. H. Morin, E. Nemitz, M. B. Nilsson, S. Niu, W. C. Oechel, P. Y. Oikawa, K. Ono, M. Peichl, O. Peltola, M. L. Reba, A. D. Richardson, W. Riley, B. R. K. Runkle, Y. Ryu, T. Sachs, A. Sakabe, C. R. Sanchez, E. A. Schuur, K. V. R. Schäfer, O. Sonnentag, J. P. Sparks, E. Stuart-Haëntjens, C. Sturtevant, R. C. Sullivan, D. J. Szutu, J. E. Thom, M. S. Torn, E.-S. Tuittila, J. Turner, M. Ueyama, A. C. Valach, R. Vargas, A. Varlagin, A. Vazquez-Lule, J. G. Verfaillie, T. Vesala, G. L. Vourlitis, E. J. Ward, C. Wille, G. Wohlfahrt, G. X. Wong, Z. Zhang, D. Zona, L. Windham-Myers, B. Poulter, and R. B. Jackson

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20∘ S to 20∘ N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.

Published
2021
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4. Land use and land cover changes in coastal and inland wetlands cause soil carbon and nitrogen loss

Author

Lishan Tan, Zhenming Ge, Yuhuang Ji, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Stijn Temmerman, Shihua Li, Xiuzhen Li, and Jianwu Tang

Subjects
Chemistry, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Economics, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim Natural wetlands are widely considered important for mitigation of climate change, but they have been impacted by land use and land cover change (LULCC), often resulting in ecosystem degradation and significant changes in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. However, the impact of various LULCC types on wetland soil C and N dynamics remains unclear. Location Global. Time period 1982-2021. Major taxa studied Wetland. Methods We present a global meta-analysis using a database of 487 sites compiled from the literature, demonstrating the response of soil C and N concentrations and stocks in coastal wetlands, riparian wetlands and peatlands to various types of LULCCs, including agricultural lands, drained wetlands, aquaculture ponds, pastures and constructed wetlands. Results The conversion of coastal wetlands, riparian wetlands and peatlands to most LULCC types decreased the mean soil C and N concentrations and stocks by 17.8 +/- 10.3, 25.3 +/- 13.4 and 23.2 +/- 6.3%, respectively. The loss of wetland soil C owing to LULCC is estimated to cause a potential CO2 emission of 1.8-22.8 Mg CO2 equivalent emission/ha/year, except for conversion to constructed wetlands. The soil C and N contents were more sensitive to LULCCs, relative to the stocks. We also found that the patterns of soil C and N variations were closely related to the conversion time since completion of LULCC. After LULCC, the response of soil C and N variables was sensitive to changes in plant biomass, soil water conditions, bulk density, pH and NH4+-N concentration, with the major controlling factors varying with the conversion age. Main conclusions Our results highlight the important role of LULCC in triggering soil C and N loss in natural wetlands, which enhances the greenhouse effect. As such, our study calls for sustainable land management strategies aiming at wetland conservation as a powerful tool to mitigate climate warming.

Published
2022

5. Separation of soil respiration: a site-specific comparison of partition methods

Author

L.-P. Comeau, D. Y. F. Lai, J. J. Cui, and J. Farmer

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Without accurate data on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh), assessments of soil carbon (C) sequestration rate and C balance are challenging to produce. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the contribution of the different sources of the total soil CO2 efflux (Rs) in different ecosystems, but to date, there are still many uncertainties and unknowns regarding the soil respiration partitioning procedures currently available. This study compared the suitability and relative accuracy of five different Rs partitioning methods in a subtropical forest: (1) regression between root biomass and CO2 efflux, (2) lab incubations with minimally disturbed soil microcosm cores, (3) root exclusion bags with hand-sorted roots, (4) root exclusion bags with intact soil blocks and (5) soil δ13C–CO2 natural abundance. The relationship between Rh and soil moisture and temperature was also investigated. A qualitative evaluation table of the partition methods with five performance parameters was produced. The Rs was measured weekly from 3 February to 19 April 2017 and found to average 6.1 ± 0.3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. During this period, the Rh measured with the in situ mesh bags with intact soil blocks and hand-sorted roots was estimated to contribute 49 ± 7 and 79 ± 3 % of Rs, respectively. The Rh percentages estimated with the root biomass regression, microcosm incubation and δ13C–CO2 natural abundance were 54 ± 41, 8–17 and 61 ± 39 %, respectively. Overall, no systematically superior or inferior Rs partition method was found. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each technique with the conclusion that combining two or more methods optimizes Rh assessment reliability.

Published
2018
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7. Problems and Management of Acacia-Dominated Urban Forests on Man-Made Slopes in a Subtropical, High-Density City

Author

Cody H. Y. Lee, Alvin M. C. Tang, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Amos P. K. Tai, Alan S. L. Leung, Donald K. C. Tao, Felix Leung, Simon S. M. Leung, Charis Wu, Sandy C. S. Tong, and Kathy T. K. Ng

Subjects
Acacia plantations, ecosystem services, exotic trees, forest management, tree senescence, urban forest, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Acacia spp. are exotic tree species that have been widely planted on man-made slopes in Hong Kong since the 1960s. However, as they become mature and senescent, they may become a concern and cause various problems, including soil constraints for plant growth, decreasing provision of intended ecosystem services, declining syndromes, arrested succession, and high risk of failure. In this perspective paper, we present and discuss these problems using practical examples of Acacia-dominated urban forests on man-made roadside slopes in Hong Kong, based on a cross-disciplinary survey and a literature review. To conclude, we suggest that selective cutting, specific silvicultural operations of Acacia plantations, and the management of plantation edge and soils can be exercised, along with the planting of native species, to potentially alleviate these problems associated with mature Acacia plantations, by promoting the establishment of native forests, enhancing biodiversity, expediting succession, and providing better ecosystem services.

Published
2021
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9. Effects of Land Use Types on CH4 and CO2 Production Potentials in Subtropical Wetland Soils

Author

Jiaxing Xu, Derrick Y. F. Lai, and Suvadip Neogi

Subjects
carbon dioxide, gas production potential, greenhouse gas, land use, mangrove, methane, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

Changes in land use types can alter the soil and environmental characteristics of wetlands, which in turn influence the magnitude of greenhouse gas production by soil microbes. However, the effects of land use change on the production potential of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in subtropical wetland soils and the underlying controls are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined the soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials under five different land use types (natural mangrove, Gei Wai water channel, Gei Wai forest, reedbed, and freshwater pond) and their relationships with soil physico-chemical properties in a subtropical wetland in Hong Kong using aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubation experiments. Our results showed an overall decreasing trend of CH4 and CO2 production potentials down the soil profile at all sites, which could be attributed to a reduction in the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N). Moreover, the soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials varied significantly in the surface soils among land use types, but were more similar across the sites in the deeper soils. The conversion of natural mangrove to other land use types significantly reduced both the aerobic and anaerobic CO2 production potentials in the top 10 cm soils, except for Gei Wai forest, which demonstrated significantly higher CO2 production rates (61.15–97.91 μg g−1 day−1). Meanwhile, the mean CH4 production potential in the surface soils of natural mangrove (0.05 μg g−1 d−1) was significantly lower than that in the Gei Wai forest and Gei Wai channel (0.26–0.27 μg g−1 day−1) but slightly higher than that in the freshwater pond and reedbed (0.00–0.02 μg g−1 day−1). The high soil CH4 and CO2 production potentials observed in the Gei Wai forest could be explained by the high soil concentrations of SOM, TKN and NH4+-N. On the other hand, the lower anaerobic CH4 and aerobic CO2 productions observed in the reedbed could be attributed to the lower concentrations of NH4+-N and available phosphorus. Our findings highlighted the significant impacts of land use types on the CH4 and CO2 production potentials of subtropical wetland soils, which had practical implications for wetland management for climate change mitigation.

Published
2020
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10. Factors Related with CH4 and N2O Emissions from a Paddy Field: Clues for Management implications.

Author

Chun Wang, Derrick Y F Lai, Jordi Sardans, Weiqi Wang, Congsheng Zeng, and Josep Peñuelas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Paddy fields are major sources of global atmospheric greenhouse gases, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The different phases previous to emission (production, transport, diffusion, dissolution in pore water and ebullition) despite well-established have rarely been measured in field conditions. We examined them and their relationships with temperature, soil traits and plant biomass in a paddy field in Fujian, southeastern China. CH4 emission was positively correlated with CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, ebullition, diffusion, and concentration of dissolved CH4 in porewater and negatively correlated with sulfate concentration, suggesting the potential use of sulfate fertilizers to mitigate CH4 release. Air temperature and humidity, plant stem biomass, and concentrations of soil sulfate, available N, and DOC together accounted for 92% of the variance in CH4 emission, and Eh, pH, and the concentrations of available N and Fe3+, leaf biomass, and air temperature 95% of the N2O emission. Given the positive correlations between CH4 emission and DOC content and plant biomass, reduce the addition of a carbon substrate such as straw and the development of smaller but higher yielding rice genotypes could be viable options for reducing the release of greenhouse gases from paddy fields to the atmosphere.

Published
2017
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12. Conversion of coastal wetland to aquaculture ponds decreased N

Author

Ping, Yang, Kam W, Tang, Chuan, Tong, Derrick Y F, Lai, Linhai, Zhang, Xiao, Lin, Hong, Yang, Lishan, Tan, Yifei, Zhang, Yan, Hong, Chen, Tang, and Yongxin, Lin

Subjects
Nitrogen, Wetlands, Nitrous Oxide, Denitrification, Aquaculture, Ponds, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Land reclamation is a major threat to the world's coastal wetlands, and it may influence the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in coastal regions. Conversion of coastal marshes into aquaculture ponds is common in the Asian Pacific region, but its impacts on the production and emission of nitrogen greenhouse gases remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared N

Published
2022

14. The effect of atmospheric turbulence and chamber deployment period on autochamber CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in an ombrotrophic peatland

Author

E. R. Humphreys, T. R. Moore, M. Dalva, N. T. Roulet, and D. Y. F. Lai

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Accurate quantification of soil-atmosphere gas exchange is essential for understanding the magnitude and controls of greenhouse gas emissions. We used an automatic, closed, dynamic chamber system to measure the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for several years at the ombrotrophic Mer Bleue peatland near Ottawa, Canada and found that atmospheric turbulence and chamber deployment period had a considerable influence on the observed flux rates. With a short deployment period of 2.5 min, CH4 flux exhibited strong diel patterns and both CH4 and nighttime CO2 effluxes were highly and negatively correlated with ambient friction velocity as were the CO2 concentration gradients in the top 20 cm of peat. This suggests winds were flushing the very porous and relatively dry near-surface peat layers and reducing the belowground gas concentration gradient, which then led to flux underestimations owing to a decrease in turbulence inside the headspace during chamber deployment compared to the ambient windy conditions. We found a 9 to 57% underestimate of the net biological CH4 flux at any time of day and a 13 to 21% underestimate of nighttime CO2 effluxes in highly turbulent conditions. Conversely, there was evidence of an overestimation of ~ 100% of net biological CH4 and nighttime CO2 fluxes in calm atmospheric conditions possibly due to enhanced near-surface gas concentration gradient by mixing of chamber headspace air by fans. These problems were resolved by extending the deployment period to 30 min. After 13 min of chamber closure, the flux rate of CH4 and nighttime CO2 became constant and were not affected by turbulence thereafter, yielding a reliable estimate of the net biological fluxes. The measurement biases we observed likely exist to some extent in all chamber flux measurements made on porous and aerated substrate, such as peatlands, organic soils in tundra and forests, and snow-covered surfaces, but would be difficult to detect unless high frequency, semi-continuous observations were made.

Published
2012
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15. Straw Application Strategy to Optimize Nutrient Release in a Southeastern China Rice Cropland

Author

Weiqi Wang, Jordi Sardans, Chun Wang, Ting Pan, Congsheng Zeng, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Mireia Bartrons, and Josep Peñuelas

Subjects
China, decomposition, habitats, nitrogen, nutrient release, paddy field, phosphorus, rice straw, stoichiometry, Agriculture
Abstract

The management and improvement of paddy soils fertility are key factors for the future capacity of rice production. The return of rice straw to paddy soils is the best alternative to the application of industrial fertilizers for rice production sustainability. The best strategy for applying rice straw to improve soil nutritional capacity during rice growth has not yet been investigated. We compared straw decomposition in the ditches and ridges in paddy fields subjected to a typical crop management in southeastern China. Straw spread on the ridges provided lower residual straw carbon (C) concentration and mass, lower nitrogen:phosphorus ratio N:P, C:N, and C:P ratios, and lower soil salinity, as well as higher temperature, and higher N- and P-release capacity during the rice crop in comparison to the straw spread in the ditches. Therefore, applying rice straw to the ridges is better strategy than applying it to ditches to enhance rice production.

Published
2017
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16. Variations in Temperature Sensitivity (Q10) of CH4 Emission from a Subtropical Estuarine Marsh in Southeast China.

Author

Chun Wang, Derrick Y F Lai, Chuan Tong, Weiqi Wang, Jiafang Huang, and Chongsheng Zeng

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Understanding the functional relationship between greenhouse gas fluxes and environmental variables is crucial for predicting the impacts of wetlands on future climate change in response to various perturbations. We examined the relationships between methane (CH4) emission and temperature in two marsh stands dominated by the Phragmites australis and Cyperus malaccensis, respectively, in a subtropical estuarine wetland in southeast China based on three years of measurement data (2007-2009). We found that the Q10 coefficient of CH4 emission to soil temperature (Qs10) from the two marsh stands varied slightly over the three years (P > 0.05), with a mean value of 3.38 ± 0.46 and 3.89 ± 0.41 for the P. australis and C. malaccensis stands, respectively. On the other hand, the three-year mean Qa10 values (Q10 coefficients of CH4 emission to air temperature) were 3.39 ± 0.59 and 4.68 ± 1.10 for the P. australis and C. malaccensis stands, respectively, with a significantly higher Qa10 value for the C. malaccensis stand in 2008 (P < 0.05). The seasonal variations of Q10 (Qs10 and Qa10) differed among years, with generally higher values in the cold months than those in the warm months in 2007 and 2009. We found that the Qs10 values of both stands were negatively correlated with soil conductivity, but did not obtain any conclusive results about the difference in Q10 of CH4 emission between the two tidal stages (before flooding and after ebbing). There were no significant differences in both Qs10 and Qa10 values of CH4 emission between the P. australis stand and the C. malaccensis stands (P > 0.05). Our results show that the Q10 values of CH4 emission in this estuarine marsh are highly variable across space and time. Given that the overall CH4 flux is governed by a suite of environmental factors, the Q10 values derived from field measurements should only be considered as a semi-empirical parameter for simulating CH4 emissions.

Published
2015
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17. Spatial variations in CO

Author

Yifei, Zhang, Min, Lyu, Ping, Yang, Derrick Y F, Lai, Chuan, Tong, Guanghui, Zhao, Ling, Li, Yuhan, Zhang, and Hong, Yang

Subjects
China, Urbanization, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ecosystem
Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO

Published
2021

18. FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, M. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Thomas Friborg, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Joachim Jansen, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximon, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson

Subjects
13. Climate action, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions, including their seasonality, due to quasi-continuous and high temporal resolution of flux measurements, coincident measurements of carbon, water, and energy fluxes, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we 1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4- community-product/). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we 2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally, because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands and because freshwater wetlands are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and 3) provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions, but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20° S to 20° N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts three days earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 days longer, for each degree C increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags soil warming by one month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling, and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). The FLUXNET-CH4 dataset provides an open-access resource for CH4 flux synthesis, has a range of applications, and is unique in that it includes coupled measurements of important CH4 drivers such as GPP and temperature. Although FLUXNET-CH4 could certainly be improved by adding more sites in tropical ecosystems and by increasing the number of site-years at existing sites, it is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408468. Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 in the Data Availability section of this document., Earth System Science Data Discussions, ISSN:1866-3591

Published
2021

19. Large variations in indirect N

Author

Ping, Yang, Jiafang, Huang, Lishan, Tan, Chuan, Tong, Baoshi, Jin, Beibei, Hu, Changjun, Gao, Junji, Yuan, Derrick Y F, Lai, and Hong, Yang

Subjects
China, Rivers, Nitrous Oxide, Aquaculture, Estuaries, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Aquaculture ponds are important anthropogenic sources of nitrous oxide (N

Published
2021

21. Large Spatial Variations in Diffusive CH

Author

Ping, Yang, Hong, Yang, Jordi, Sardans, Chuan, Tong, Guanghui, Zhao, Josep, Peñuelas, Ling, Li, Yifei, Zhang, Lishan, Tan, Kwok Pan, Chun, and Derrick Y F, Lai

Subjects
China, Sewage, Reproducibility of Results, Seasons, Carbon Dioxide, Methane
Abstract

Coastal reservoirs are potentially CH

Published
2020

22. Observation of a Resonance X(1835) in J/ψ→γπ+π−η′

Author

H. B. Li, S. L. Zang, C. L. Luo, Houbing Lu, C. C. Zhang, Yi Jin, S.L. Olsen, Y. X. Yang, Fang Liu, Y. C. Zhu, Yudan Wang, G. R. Lu, F. Lu, L. Y. Dong, H.B. Liao, P. L. Wang, X. X. Xie, J. B. Jiao, Y. Z. Sun, Han-Qing Zheng, H. M. Hu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Shi, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, Hangxu Li, J. W. Zhao, H. H. Liu, J. C. Li, X. B. Ma, Xuai Zhuang, J. H. Liu, G. W. Yu, Z. P. Zhang, Jin Chen, F. A. Harris, Y. Zeng, J. G. Lu, J. Nie, Zujian Wang, Feng Shi, C. Z. Yuan, Z.J. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Huirun Chen, Y. B. Chen, T. Hu, H. S. Chen, Xingzhu Cui, S. S. Fang, Qiyang Zhang, Y. S. Dai, W. R. Zhao, F. Liu, J. G. Bian, Zheng Wang, H. X. Yang, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, Y. F. Liang, X. H. Mo, C. S. Gao, Yu Zeng, F. C. Ma, Y. F. Lai, L. S. Wang, Jinxing Zheng, Y.Y. Zhang, S. S. Sun, R. Y. Li, D. P. Jin, H. F. Chen, Y. N. Gao, X. M. Xia, M. H. Ye, W. F. Wang, P. Wang, B. X. Zhang, J. P. Liu, Z. G. Zhao, Zhe Wang, N. Wu, X. S. Jiang, Cunfeng Wei, Q. F. Dong, Ning Zhou, X. Y. Shen, D. H. Zhang, Jiming Yang, Yingchun Zhu, X. Q. Li, L. P. Zhou, Z. Y. Ren, Z. P. Mao, J. F. Qiu, Lianyou Shan, J. W. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, W. G. Li, Q. M. Ma, Y. T. Gu, Bo Xin, D. Y. Wang, H. Qin, M. He, H. L. Ma, S. M. Li, Fan Yang, D. L. Shen, H. M. Liu, W. D. Li, C. X. Liu, Z. P. Zheng, D. H. Wei, X. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Yi, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, K. L. He, R. G. Liu, Q. M. Zhu, Y. N. Guo, B.S. Zou, J. B. Liu, M. Z. Wang, Z.Q. Zhang, Xiru Huang, G. L. Tong, H. S. Sun, Z. Y. Wang, Haiping Peng, Yang Tian, G. S. Huang, M. Ablikim, B. A. Zhuang, Jianwei Sun, Y. X. Ye, Y. Xu, G. F. Xu, S. Jin, S. X. Du, M. L. Yan, P. P. Zhao, J. C. Chen, X. Tang, X. T. Huang, G. Rong, J. Fang, Xunchao Zhang, Z. Z. Du, M. G. Zhao, H. Y. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, Y. P. Chu, L. L. Ma, X. B. Ji, Y. K. Heng, Z. A. Liu, Y.L. Li, Shang Lunlin, Y. Ban, G. Li, X.L. Li, C. D. Fu, Z. Y. Deng, J. Z. Bai, H. Y. Sheng, Z. Q. Tan, S. P. Chi, N. D. Qi, K. J. Zhu, J. M. Yuan, S. D. Gu, and G. S. Varner

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Resonance
Published
2020

23. Measurement of the Mass of the τ Lepton

Author

T. H. Burnett, S. T. Xue, F. Li, H. L. Ni, W. G. Li, Jun-Bing Ma, H. S. Zhou, G. Y. Hu, Q. Liu, Z. D. Cheng, G. P. Zhou, O. Bardon, E. Soderstrom, Wei Li, Y. H. Zhou, Michael J. Fero, Z. J. Jiang, J. S. Whitaker, Chunmei Zhang, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Mao, Robert Wilson, S. D. Gu, D. H. Ma, W. G. Yan, Q. P. Jia, L. J. Pan, T. Hu, H. Marsiske, D. L. Shen, M. L. Gao, Y. S. Li, C. M. Yang, R. Cowan, W. X. Gao, M. Mandelkern, Ming-Han Ye, Q. M. Zhu, W. D. Li, Yuanyuan Wang, J. W. Zhang, J. A. Coller, S. Z. Lin, D. G. Hitlin, W. R. Zhao, E. Torrence, H. M. Liu, Lei Zhang, Q. M. Li, Z. P. Zheng, Y. F. Lai, Y. B. Liu, D. M. Xi, Y. N. Gao, Joseph Izen, G. Rong, L. S. Zheng, Y. Zhang, X. M. Xia, J. Yan, Pihong Zhao, H. Y. Zhang, J. Panetta, J. S. Campbell, A. S. Johnson, S. M. Chen, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, W. X. Gu, Y. C. Zhu, P. Wang, G. L. Tong, M. Z. Wang, X. C. Meng, Z. Q. Xu, W. H. Toki, P. L. Wang, X. F. Zhou, Junguang Lu, P. F. Lang, Xingzhu Cui, H. C. Cui, H. Z. Shi, H. S. Sun, S. Q. Zhang, D. Q. Huang, T. J. Wang, A. J. S. Smith, J. Synodinos, R. Becker-Szendy, J. Z. Bai, Ya-Nan Guo, C. Y. Yang, S. Q. Gao, X. F. Song, Y. Q. Chen, H. L. Ding, Xin Wu, D. P. Stoker, C. Fang, L. Z. Wang, X. X. Xie, R. K. Yamamoto, M. H. Kelsey, R. S. Xu, J. C. Li, Y. K. Que, H. S. Mao, Y. S. Zhu, S. Z. Ye, M. Hatanaka, W. Dunwoodie, M. G. Zhao, Z. Q. Yu, W. J. Wisniewski, G. Zioulas, J. H. Gu, J. Schultz, J. Quigley, S. J. Chen, L. Jones, B. Lowery, Chun-Hua Jiang, J. J. He, P. P. Xie, P. Q. Li, Y. Y. Shao, Jinxing Zheng, E. C. Ma, H. L. Zhang, E. Prabhakar, A. J. Lankford, H. B. Yao, J. T. Shank, D. H. Zhang, H. Y. Sheng, N. D. Qi, Z. Z. Du, R. G. Liu, B. Schmid, Y. L. Han, R. B. Li, Y. Z. Huang, F. C. Porter, and Y. N. Guo

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Lepton
Published
2020

24. Evidence of ψ(3770) non-DD¯ decay to J/ψπ+π−

Author

M. He, X. Tang, W. G. Li, Q. M. Zhu, D. L. Shen, K. L. He, J. W. Zhao, L. P. Fu, Y. C. Xu, S. W. Han, J. M. Zhang, S. L. Zang, C. X. Liu, G. W. Yu, M. Z. Wang, Z. A. Liu, M. Y. Gong, C. F. Liu, Yingchun Zhu, Zheng Wang, S.L. Olsen, H. M. Liu, J. G. Lu, H. S. Sun, Houbing Lu, C. C. Zhang, Haiping Peng, W. R. Zhao, F. Liu, F. Li, F. C. Ma, Q. Yue, Y. Ban, M. H. Ye, R. B. Li, Fang Liu, J. C. Chen, Jing Wang, Y. B. Zhao, J. Z. Bai, Y. N. Gao, H. M. Hu, T. Hu, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, Qiyang Zhang, H. S. Chen, Yang Tian, J. F. Qiu, L. Y. Dong, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, Jiawei Zhao, Jiemin Li, J. P. Liu, S.S. Sun, S. D. Gu, J. Nie, Z. Y. Wang, J. Fang, L. S. Zheng, H. Y. Sheng, L. L. Ma, G. F. Xu, S. Jin, S. X. Du, X. L. Luo, H. Y. Zhang, W. D. Li, L. P. Zhou, S. T. Xue, M. L. Yan, G. A. Yang, P. Wang, N. D. Qi, Y. M. Dai, Liang Huang, X. Y. Zhang, Z. G. Zhao, X. C. Zhong, Z. J. Ke, R. G. Liu, G. S. Varner, Z. P. Mao, Y. S. Dai, J. Ying, J. Y. Zhang, J. B. Liu, H. Shen, Y. C. Zhu, R. Y. Li, F. Lu, C. S. Gao, Z. Z. Du, Y. P. Chu, X. B. Ji, P. L. Wang, Meng Wang, W. B. Yan, Jinxing Zheng, Z. J. Sun, X. H. Mo, Z. X. Liu, X. C. Meng, Y. K. Heng, Y. Y. Zhang, Cunfeng Wei, Ning Zhou, F. A. Harris, C. D. Qian, Y. N. Guo, Yudan Wang, S. Q. Tang, J. C. Li, D. Tian, Y. Jin, J. W. Zhang, T. Hong, L. S. Wang, G. Li, S. D. Yang, J. J. He, Zhe Wang, C. D. Fu, H. X. Yang, G. R. Lu, Z.J. Guo, J. G. Bian, Z. A. Zhu, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, Xingzhu Cui, Z. P. Zhang, Xintong Li, M. L. Gao, X. X. Xie, X. M. Xia, Bing Zhou, Chun-Hua Jiang, L. W. Song, Y. Zeng, S. P. Chi, Y. Q. Guo, P. P. Zhao, H. Y. Fu, Zujian Wang, Q. J. Li, B. X. Zhang, K. J. Zhu, S. Q. Zhang, J. M. Yuan, Y. B. Chen, Y. Z. Sun, S. S. Fang, Y. B. Liu, Y. F. Lai, Lei Zhang, H. F. Chen, W. F. Wang, Zhiyun Zheng, G. Rong, Feng Shi, Z. J. Lu, H. H. Li, B.S. Zou, N. Wu, Y. J. Zhang, Guangzhao Zhou, Xiru Huang, G. L. Tong, B. A. Zhuang, X. Y. Shen, Jiming Yang, G. S. Huang, K. Li, J. Z. Wang, D. P. Jin, X. S. Jiang, D. H. Zhang, C. S. Yu, J. F. Chang, Yiyun Zhang, Z. D. Nie, Y. X. Ye, E. C. Ma, X. H. He, X. Q. Li, Jun-Bing Ma, and W. X. Gong

Published
2020

25. Observation of a Near-Threshold Enhancement in the pp¯ Mass Spectrum from Radiative J/ψ→γpp¯ Decays

Author

B.S. Zou, Yudan Wang, S. Q. Tang, J. Chen, H. M. Hu, W. B. Yan, J. G. Lu, G. R. Lu, Z. A. Zhu, D. Paluselli, G. S. Huang, Q. J. Li, T. Hu, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, Jiming Yang, Bing Zhou, F. Li, F. C. Ma, Q. Yue, J. C. Chen, R. Malchow, J. W. Zhao, G. W. Yu, K. Li, C. F. Liu, Yingchun Zhu, G. Li, Zhe Wang, R. B. Li, Jing Wang, Y. B. Zhao, Z. A. Liu, Xingzhu Cui, W. D. Li, W. R. Zhao, F. Liu, Liang Huang, S. D. Gu, Jie Chen, C. D. Fu, Y. Ban, B. D. Jones, S.S. Sun, M. L. Gao, Y. Zeng, Y. N. Gao, J. Fang, P. P. Zhao, Y. Q. Guo, Feng Shi, L. S. Zheng, J. Z. Wang, J. F. Qiu, S. T. Xue, Y. B. Chen, K. L. He, Z. P. Zheng, X. C. Zhong, Qiyang Zhang, Z. Y. Wang, Z. J. Lu, H. Y. Zhang, Lei Zhang, J. Z. Bai, X. H. Mo, L. S. Wang, H. H. Li, Guangzhao Zhou, Zheng Wang, X. M. Xia, X. C. Meng, G. S. Varner, Z. J. Guo, Y. F. Lai, Joseph Izen, G. Rong, S. W. Han, X. Tang, D. P. Jin, J. F. Chang, Xintong Li, Jun-Bing Ma, Xiru Huang, H. F. Chen, Fang Liu, J. Ying, W. F. Wang, W. H. Toki, J. M. Zhang, N. Wu, T. Hong, X. X. Xie, P. Wang, S. Q. Zhang, H. Y. Fu, G. L. Tong, B. A. Zhuang, J. Y. Zhang, H. Y. Sheng, W. X. Gong, Z. P. Zhang, Yiyun Zhang, Chun-Hua Jiang, M. H. Ye, Y. Z. Sun, D. H. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, Y. P. Chu, X. B. Ji, C. S. Yu, Jiemin Li, J. P. Liu, X. L. Luo, X. Y. Shen, N. D. Qi, Y. M. Dai, Y. X. Ye, Zujian Wang, L. Y. Dong, Y. C. Zhu, G. A. Yang, Meng Wang, D. Kong, C. D. Qian, Z. Z. Du, M. He, D. L. Shen, X. S. Jiang, M. Y. Gong, P. L. Wang, W. Dunwoodie, X. Q. Li, Y. K. Heng, Y. Y. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, W. G. Li, S. P. Chi, Z. X. Liu, C. X. Liu, R. G. Liu, D. Tian, F. Lu, J. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, J. J. He, K. J. Zhu, J. M. Yuan, J. G. Bian, B. X. Zhang, Y. Jin, F. A. Harris, Y. N. Guo, Z. D. Nie, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, G. F. Xu, S. Jin, L. W. Song, S. S. Fang, C. Z. Yuan, Y. B. Liu, Yang Tian, E. C. Ma, S. X. Du, M. L. Yan, X. H. He, Y. J. Zhang, H. S. Chen, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Mao, S. L. Zang, S.L. Olsen, J. Nie, Y. S. Dai, C. S. Gao, Jinxing Zheng, Q. M. Zhu, Y. C. Xu, M. Z. Wang, H. S. Sun, Haiping Peng, X. C. Lou, S. D. Yang, L. P. Fu, Houbing Lu, C. C. Zhang, J. C. Li, H. X. Yang, Z. G. Zhao, Z. J. Sun, H. Shen, R. Y. Li, Cunfeng Wei, Ning Zhou, J. W. Zhang, Jiawei Zhao, and Z. J. Ke

Subjects
Physics, Near threshold, Mass spectrum, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics
Published
2020

26. Partial wave analysis of ψ′→π+π−π0 at BESII

Author

Z. A. Liu, Y. X. Yang, Y. Ban, Z. P. Zheng, Feng Shi, S. Q. Zhang, H. X. Yang, H.S. Xu, Qiyang Zhang, Y. Zeng, X. L. Luo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Z. Sun, J. Z. Bai, Y. B. Chen, Xiru Huang, G. L. Tong, G. F. Xu, P. Wang, Guangzhao Zhou, Q. M. Zhu, M. H. Ye, J. C. Li, Y. F. Lai, F. Li, F. C. Ma, Q. Yue, H. F. Chen, J. F. Qiu, W. F. Wang, M. Ablikim, B. A. Zhuang, Y. C. Zhu, J. P. Liu, S. Jin, N. Wu, Y. C. Xu, P. L. Wang, F. A. Harris, H. S. Chen, J. B. Zhao, Han-Qing Zheng, X. H. He, Xingzhu Cui, M. Z. Wang, X. Q. Li, X. S. Jiang, L. Y. Dong, X. Y. Zhang, H. M. Hu, F. Lu, Z. Y. Ren, W. G. Li, R. G. Liu, X. Y. Shen, J. B. Liu, S. D. Gu, G. S. Huang, Xintong Li, D. Y. Wang, H. Qin, J. G. Lu, H. Y. Sheng, W. R. Zhao, M. He, F. Liu, D. L. Shen, S. T. Xue, H. S. Sun, Zheng Wang, Y. P. Chu, J. G. Bian, C. X. Liu, Z. G. Zhao, K. L. He, X. B. Ji, X. X. Xie, G. S. Varner, Qingying Jia, H. M. Liu, Bo Xin, Yudan Wang, Yingchun Zhu, Y. N. Gao, N. D. Qi, T. Hu, Y. B. Zhao, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, X. J. Zhao, Y. Jin, S. Z. Wang, Fang Liu, J. C. Chen, B. X. Zhang, G. R. Lu, Z. J. Sun, C. Z. Yuan, Zhe Wang, Jiming Yang, Q. M. Ma, Z. Z. Du, Z. Y. Yi, Jun Chen, Shang Lunlin, X. M. Xia, G. Li, C. L. Luo, J. Fang, L. S. Zheng, Yang Tian, Q. J. Li, R. B. Li, Z. A. Zhu, X.L. Li, Kelin Wang, Jin Chen, C. D. Fu, Z. X. Liu, Xunchao Zhang, J. W. Zhao, S. S. Fang, Nongjian Tao, C. C. Zhang, L. H. Yi, H. Y. Fu, Z. Y. Deng, Z. D. Nie, Z. Y. Wang, C. D. Qian, S. M. Li, Fan Yang, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, G. W. Yu, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, Hangxu Li, Jiemin Li, Jun-Bing Ma, L. S. Wang, D. H. Wei, M. G. Zhao, P. P. Zhao, S. X. Du, S.S. Sun, X. Y. Ma, Bing Zhou, S. P. Chi, W. X. Gong, Huirun Chen, J. Z. Wang, H. Y. Zhang, Lei Zhang, K. J. Zhu, J. M. Yuan, M. L. Yan, Lianyou Shan, G. Rong, X. Shi, J. Y. Zhang, Y. F. Liang, D. P. Jin, X. H. Mo, M. L. Chen, J. F. Chang, L. L. Ma, D. H. Zhang, C. S. Yu, Y. K. Heng, B.S. Zou, Y. Y. Zhang, X. Tang, Yiyun Zhang, Yu Zeng, Y. X. Ye, Y. J. Zhang, Z.Q. Zhang, X. C. Zhong, Liang Huang, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Zhang, Z. P. Mao, Chun-Hua Jiang, Zujian Wang, M. Y. Gong, Y. M. Wu, Juan Zhang, Y. N. Guo, S. L. Zang, S.L. Olsen, H.B. Liao, Haiping Peng, J. Nie, Y. S. Dai, C. S. Gao, Jinxing Zheng, S. D. Yang, H. L. Dai, R. Y. Li, Cunfeng Wei, Ning Zhou, J. W. Zhang, and Z.J. Guo

Abstract

The decay ψ′→π+π−π0 is analyzed using a sample of 14 million ψ′ events taken with the BESII detector at the BEPC, and the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→π+π−π0)=(18.1±1.8±1.9)×10−5. A partial wave analysis is carried out using the helicity amplitude method. ψ′→ρ(770)π is observed, and the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→ρ(770)π)=(5.1±0.7±1.1)×10−5, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. A high mass enhancement with mass around 2.15 GeV/c2 is also observed. Attributing this enhancement to the ρ(2150) resonance, the branching fraction is measured to be B(ψ′→ρ(2150)π→π+π−π0)=(19.4±2.5−3.4+11.5)×10−5. The results will help in the understanding of the longstanding “ρπ puzzle” between J/ψ and ψ′ hadronic decays.

Published
2020

27. Measurements of the Cross Section for e+e− → Hadrons at Center-of-Mass Energies from 2 to 5 GeV

Author

B.S. Zou, X. H. Mo, L. S. Wang, J. W. Zhao, X. C. Meng, Feng Shi, G. W. Yu, Xiaolu Ji, H. Shen, P. L. Wang, H. Y. Sheng, R. Y. Li, M. H. Ye, Guangzhao Zhou, C. X. Yu, T. Hong, Yirong Zhu, H. S. Mao, N. D. Qi, F. A. Harris, L. Y. Dong, Xingzhu Cui, Cunfeng Wei, W. G. Li, B. S. Cheng, J. Z. Wang, J. W. Zhang, J. G. Lu, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, Jun-Bing Ma, G. F. Xu, Z. P. Zhang, Chun-Hua Jiang, X. Y. Shen, H. M. Liu, Jing Wang, Y. B. Zhao, Y. Ban, T. Hu, D. H. Zhang, C. S. Yu, G. S. Huang, D. M. Xi, Z. J. Guo, M. G. Zhao, X. D. Chen, Y. K. Que, B. J. Liu, S. Q. Tang, L. P. Fu, H. B. Li, C. C. Zhang, Zhengguo Zhao, H. M. Hu, H. S. Chen, B. D. Jones, H. H. Li, G. R. Lu, E. C. Ma, J. B. Choi, Z. A. Zhu, H. L. Zhang, J. F. Qiu, C. D. Qian, Y. Z. Huang, H. W. Zhao, X. Q. Li, W. B. Yan, X. H. He, S. D. Gu, J. Z. Bai, Q. J. Li, Z. P. Zheng, Peng Zhang, P. Q. Li, H. X. Yang, D. Li, J. S. Kang, Hyunyong Kim, Jiawei Zhao, Z. J. Lu, Z. Z. Du, Wei Li, J. C. Li, X. Y. Zhang, J. P. Liu, R. G. Liu, C. Y. Yang, J. Y. Suh, Z. J. Ke, Xiru Huang, Feng Liu, Tai Young Kim, J. G. Bian, G. L. Tong, Tao Liu, J. Y. Zhang, S. W. Ye, G. A. Yang, Seong Keun Kim, Y. F. Lai, Z. X. Liu, G. S. Varner, B. A. Zhuang, H. Z. Shi, Xuan Yang, X. M. Xia, Qiyang Zhang, K. L. He, H. Park, Fei-Fei Liu, S. W. Han, Lingxuan Zhang, X. F. Song, W. Dunwoodie, H. F. Chen, Hongming Zhang, P. P. Zhao, Z. D. Nie, D. Kong, H. Y. Fu, Xinglong Li, W. G. Yan, W. H. Toki, Liangfeng Sun, Y. K. Heng, Y. Y. Zhang, Lei Zhang, Q. H. Hu, S. T. Xue, Y. X. Ye, S. P. Chi, Y. Jin, Joseph Izen, D. Paluselli, G. Rong, C. M. Yang, M. He, D. L. Shen, G. Y. Hu, K. J. Zhu, B. W. Shen, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, Jiemin Li, J. C. Chen, R. Malchow, Y. Y. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Yi Chen, S. M. Wang, Y. P. Chu, L. S. Zheng, P. Wang, Bing Zhou, Y. N. Guo, A. D. Chen, N. Wu, Y. L. Han, S. Q. Zhang, Y. Z. Sun, W. R. Zhao, X. R. Qi, F. Lu, S.L. Olsen, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Mao, W. Yang, J. Nie, Y. S. Dai, Y. Y. Shao, C. S. Gao, Jinxing Zheng, Q. M. Zhu, Y. C. Xu, J. He, H. S. Sun, X. C. Lou, X. X. Xie, Y. B. Liu, X. L. Luo, and J. J. He

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Hadron, Center of mass
Published
2020

28. Direct Measurement of the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant, fDs

Author

Z. P. Zheng, Y. Jin, J. C. Li, C. C. Zhang, D. Paluselli, G. P. Zhou, J. G. Lu, G. Zioulas, S. Z. Lin, W. R. Zhao, Z. A. Liu, L. S. Wang, M. H. Ye, R. B. Li, I. Blum, Z. Q. Xu, Y. H. Zhou, K. R. He, R. J. Wilson, Chun-Hua Jiang, D. P. Stoker, J. H. Liu, T. J. Wang, S. Whittaker, R. Malchow, G. L. Tong, T. Hu, Michael Schernau, W. Yang, B. A. Zhuang, P. Gratton, Q. P. Jia, J. Panetta, S. M. Chen, X. M. Xia, H. B. Lan, W. X. Zhao, S. Q. Gao, J. Nie, J. Fang, L. S. Zheng, X. R. Shi, Y. Z. Huang, G. P. Chen, Y. B. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. C. Zhu, O. Bardon, P. L. Wang, E. Soderstrom, H. Shen, Wei Li, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, F. C. Porter, F. Sun, X. Q. Hu, W. D. Li, Y. F. Gu, S. H. Kang, D. Z. Xu, J. M. lzen, X. F. Zhou, D. Q. Huang, R. S. Xu, Y. Y. Wang, Y. Y. Shao, C. S. Gao, D. G. Hitlin, M. He, D. L. Shen, J. Quigley, S. Z. Ye, M. Hatanaka, M. Mandelkern, C. Z. Yuan, H. B. Hu, R. G. Liu, Jinxing Zheng, S. J. Chen, H. S. Mao, B. K. Kim, Y. Q. Chen, S. T. Xue, J. W. Zhang, B. Schmid, B. S. Cheng, J. Z. Bai, A. Breakstone, Q. Liu, Xingzhu Cui, M. G. Zhao, G. Y. Hu, F. A. Harris, L. Jones, J. H. Gu, J. Schultz, X. L. Fan, F. Li, H. L. Ni, H. C. Cui, Y. K. Que, J. Chen, Li Zhou, H. B. Yao, Q. M. Zhu, H. Z. Shi, P. Wang, Jun-Bing Ma, Y. P. Tan, S. M. Wang, D. M. Xi, J. Yan, S. W. Han, J. Synodinos, X. F. Song, P. P. Xie, X. Y. Shen, P. F. Lang, J. W. Zhao, S. D. Gu, S. Q. Zhang, L. Z. Wang, A. M. Ma, H. S. Zhou, J. J. He, M. Z. Wang, H. L. Ding, M. H. Kelsey, Y. N. Guo, E. Torrence, H. S. Sun, X. C. Lou, J. Oyang, H. Y. Sheng, W. Dunwoodie, R. K. Yamamoto, Y. L. Han, P. Q. Li, M. L. Gao, W. G. Li, Xinglong Li, D. H. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, X. Q. Li, S. Q. Tang, Pihong Zhao, W. J. Wisniewski, C. S. Yu, C. X. Yu, B. Lowery, W. X. Gu, R. Cowan, E. Prabhakar, Y. B. Chen, W. H. Toki, C. Y. Yang, N. D. Qi, H. M. Liu, A. J. Lankford, Y. F. Lai, H. F. Chen, X. C. Meng, W. F. Wang, J. Standifird, L. J. Pan, Michael J. Fero, Y. Y. Zhang, A. J. S. Smith, Y. S. Zhu, C. M. Yang, W. X. Gao, Z. Z. Du, W. G. Yan, S. J. Sun, E. C. Ma, Lei Zhang, H. L. Zhang, G. Rong, Z. Q. Yu, S.L. Olsen, T. H. Burnett, F. Wang, Z. P. Mao, and Q. Y. Li

Subjects
Physics, Pseudoscalar, Particle physics, Exponential decay
Published
2020

29. ψ(2S) Hadronic Decays to Vector-Tensor Final States

Author

Dehong Zhang, W. G. Yan, I. Blum, F. Sun, A. J. Lankford, Qiyang Zhang, H. Z. Shi, Y. H. Yu, Chun-Hua Jiang, Q. M. Zhu, J. Z. Bai, X. F. Song, Lei Zhang, Joseph Izen, G. Rong, Y. Z. Huang, P. Wang, L. Z. Wang, W. G. Li, J. Panetta, Y. C. Zhu, Kai Yi, M. Z. Wang, L. P. Zhou, F. C. Porter, Z. G. Zhao, M. H. Kelsey, D. M. Xi, J. G. Lu, J. Yan, Jiming Yang, F. Wang, C. H. Luo, P. L. Wang, Z. Z. Du, H. S. Sun, L. J. Pan, Z. P. Mao, Meng Wang, Y. X. Ye, H. M. Liu, S. T. Xue, S. M. Wang, X. N. Li, X. C. Lou, H. Shen, P. Gratton, J. H. Liu, Q. H. Hu, J. Y. Zhang, T. Hu, F. Lu, Y. H. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. K. Que, J. Chen, G. Y. Hu, X. M. Xia, H. M. Hu, Michael Schernau, T. J. Wang, H. L. Ding, Z. W. Chai, W. Yang, J. Nie, J. G. Bian, D. H. Zhang, C. S. Yu, F. A. Harris, H. Y. Sheng, Z. Q. Yu, Y. Y. Zhang, C. Z. Yuan, X. Q. Hu, E. C. Ma, H. L. Zhang, Y. Y. Shao, S. D. Gu, S.L. Olsen, Cunfeng Wei, H. B. Li, C. S. Gao, D. G. Hitlin, J. W. Zhang, J. P. Liu, H. S. Mao, G. P. Chen, W. D. Li, S. Feng, Y. F. Gu, C. X. Yu, Shun-Qi Zhang, M. He, D. L. Shen, N. D. Qi, Y. B. Chen, X. C. Meng, W. J. Xiong, P. F. Lang, Jinxing Zheng, J. D. Huang, J. F. Qiu, Y. Jin, R. B. Li, J. Standifird, C. D. Qian, C. C. Zhang, M. G. Zhao, L. Y. Dong, G. P. Zhou, D. Kong, Cheng-Kui Li, W. X. Gu, Y. N. Guo, B. S. Cheng, W. H. Toki, Y. L. Han, W. R. Zhao, B. W. Shen, L. C. Lu, G. F. Xu, B. Lowery, D. Paluselli, J. He, S. Q. Gao, Z. J. Ke, W. Dunwoodie, X. R. Qi, J. L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. C. Li, P. P. Xie, J. C. Chen, R. Malchow, D. Li, C. M. Yang, J. W. Zhao, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, J. H. Gu, L. S. Zheng, P. Q. Li, X. Y. Shen, Z. P. Zheng, J. Oyang, X. Y. Zhang, R. G. Liu, L. S. Wang, M. H. Ye, G. L. Tong, B. A. Zhuang, M. L. Gao, S. Q. Tang, Wei Li, L. Y. Ding, Y. H. Qu, B. K. Kim, Y. F. Lai, H. F. Chen, S. W. Han, A. M. Ma, H. S. Zhou, H. W. Zhao, C. Y. Yang, Jun-Bing Ma, Xingzhu Cui, Z. T. Yu, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, Y. Y. Wang, S. W. Ye, M. Weaver, J. L. Hu, Y. G. Wu, J. J. He, Y. Q. Chen, X. H. Li, J. Y. Lu, C. C. Xu, Y. B. Liu, and Xuan Yang

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Hadron, Tensor
Published
2020

30. Circ_0001971 regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and chemosensitivity by targeting miR-194/miR-204 in vitro and in vivo

Author

X, Tan, C, Zhou, Y, Liang, and Y-F, Lai

Subjects
MicroRNAs, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Humans, Mouth Neoplasms, RNA, Circular, Cell Line
Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a wide role in human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological functions of circ_0001971 and associated mechanisms in OSCC.The expression of circ_0001971, miR-194, and miR-204 was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation and viability were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell migration and invasion were examined using the transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry assay. The protein levels of proliferation marker (CyclinD1), epithelial mesenchymal-transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin (E-cad) and N-cadherin (N-cad)) and apoptosis markers (Cleaved-caspase-3 (Cleaved-cas-3) and Cleaved-caspase-9 (Cleaved-cas-9)) were measured by Western blot. The relationship between circ_0001971 and miR-194 or miR-204 was predicted by online tool starBase and verified by the Dual-Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was conducted to observe the role of circ_0001971 in vivo.The expression of circ_0001971 was significantly increased in tumor tissues and cell lines. Circ_0001971 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity and cell apoptosis. It was confirmed that miR-194 and miR-204 were targets of circ_0001971, and miR-194 inhibition or miR-204 inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0001971 knockdown in OSCC cells. Moreover, circ_0001971 knockdown impeded tumorigenesis and development in vivo.Circ_0001971 regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity of OSCC by interacting with miR-194 and miR-204 in vitro and in vivo. We provided a theoretical basis for the action mechanism of circ_0001971 on OSCC progression and chemosensitivity.

Published
2020

31. Hepcidin protects pulmonary artery hypertension in rats by activating NF-κB/TNF-α pathway

Author

W-Y, Liu, L, Wang, and Y-F, Lai

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Ventricular Remodeling, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-1beta, NF-kappa B, Down-Regulation, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Blood Pressure, Stroke Volume, Pulmonary Artery, Protective Agents, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Disease Models, Animal, Hepcidins, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Animals, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) model was established in rats in this study. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the protective role of Hepcidin in PAH rats and its underlying mechanism.24 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, PAH group and Hepcidin group, with 8 rats in each group. After animal procedures, hemodynamic parameters and right ventricular hypertrophy indexes were determined in rats. Cytokines in serum samples of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological lesions in lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Finally, Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in lung tissues of rats.Compared with sham group, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were significantly elevated in rats of PAH group (p0.05). On the contrary, mPAP and RVSP in rats of Hepcidin group were both significantly lower than PAH group (p0.05). Hepcidin treatment attenuated PAH-induced pathological lesions in lung tissues. ELISA results elucidated that Hepcidin treatment significantly decreased serum levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, Western blot results demonstrated that protein levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 in Hepcidin group were remarkably lower than those of PAH group.Hepcidin alleviates inflammatory response in PAH rats by inhibiting NF-kB/ TNF-α pathway.

Published
2019

33. Nicotinamide pretreatment alleviates mitochondrial stress and protects hypoxic myocardial cells via AMPK pathway

Author

Y-F, Lai, L, Wang, and W-Y, Liu

Subjects
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Niacinamide, Cell Survival, Cell Count, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Protective Agents, Cell Hypoxia, Mitochondria, Rats, Oxidative Stress, Animals, Myocytes, Cardiac, Rats, Wistar, Cells, Cultured
Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of nicotinamide on hypoxic cardiomyocytes and to investigate its possible mechanism.Primary cardiomyocytes were used as study subjects. They were divided into three groups, including the blank group, control group and nicotinamide pretreatment group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used to detect cytotoxicity and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to measure the expressions of genes in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. JC-1 detected the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS). NAD was used for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+, and NAD phosphate (NADP)+ levels. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay was performed for the detection of intracellular energy metabolism.In the absence of oxygen, nicotinamide had a protective effect on primary cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, nicotinamide could markedly inhibit the increase of caspase3 mRNA in cardiomyocyte apoptosis pathway, and suppress the expression of apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, it could significantly induce the increase of intracellular ATP and activate the AMPK pathway. The detection of mitochondria indicated that nicotinamide alleviated hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential disrupted and inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress levels.Nicotinamide pretreatment protects hypoxic cardiomyocytes and reduces intracellular mitochondrial stress. This protection may be related to the induction of the AMPK pathway and the increase of intracellular energy production.

Published
2019

35. The effect of atmospheric turbulence and chamber deployment period on autochamber CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in an ombrotrophic peatland

Author

E. R. Humphreys, T. R. Moore, M. Dalva, N. T. Roulet, and D. Y. F. Lai

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

Accurate quantification of soil-atmosphere gas exchange is essential for understanding the magnitude and controls of greenhouse gas emissions. We used an automatic, closed, dynamic chamber system to measure the fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for several years at the ombrotrophic Mer Bleue peatland near Ottawa, Canada and found that atmospheric turbulence and chamber deployment period had a considerable influence on the observed flux rates. With a short deployment period of 2.5 min, CH4 flux exhibited strong diel patterns and both CH4 and nighttime CO2 effluxes were highly and negatively correlated with ambient friction velocity as were the CO2 concentration gradients in the top 20 cm of peat. This suggests winds were flushing the very porous and relatively dry near-surface peat layers and reducing the belowground gas concentration gradient, which then led to flux underestimations owing to a decrease in turbulence inside the headspace during chamber deployment compared to the ambient windy conditions. We found a 9 to 57% underestimate of the net biological CH4 flux at any time of day and a 13 to 21% underestimate of nighttime CO2 effluxes in highly turbulent conditions. Conversely, there was evidence of an overestimation of ~ 100% of net biological CH4 and nighttime CO2 fluxes in calm atmospheric conditions possibly due to enhanced near-surface gas concentration gradient by mixing of chamber headspace air by fans. These problems were resolved by extending the deployment period to 30 min. After 13 min of chamber closure, the flux rate of CH4 and nighttime CO2 became constant and were not affected by turbulence thereafter, yielding a reliable estimate of the net biological fluxes. The measurement biases we observed likely exist to some extent in all chamber flux measurements made on porous and aerated substrate, such as peatlands, organic soils in tundra and forests, and snow-covered surfaces, but would be difficult to detect unless high frequency, semi-continuous observations were made.

Published
2018

36. Shield Tunneling in Gravels – Difficulties and Resolutions

Author

Y. H. Hsieh, C. R. Chou, Y. F. Lai, and J. F. Chang

Subjects
Mining engineering, Tunnel boring machine, Shield tunneling, Excavation, Geology
Abstract

This paper presents a case study in a Taipei MRT project where the major stratification that shield tunneling passed is gravels. In view of ground condition and tight schedule, the contractor proposed an “embrace” idea for the design of the cutter head. Such an idea allowed the tunnel boring machine (TBM) to “swallow” rather than break the cobbles or boulders during excavation, thus reducing frequency and time in exchanging cutter bits that were worn out. It was however unfortunate that the TBMs encountered drift woods and unexpectedly big boulders. While the chamber was open for investigation, most cutters were found so seriously damaged that the structure of the cutting wheel was also affected. Over a series of process in evaluation and reinforcement, the tunnel section was finally completed without further difficulties. The paper first introduces the background of the project and the recordings of the incident. Its origin, evaluation, and resolutions are then illustrated. Lessons learnt from the study case are provided at the end of the paper.

Published
2018

37. Polarized Raman scattering of single ZnO nanorod.

Author

J. L. Yu, Y. F. Lai, Y. Z. Wang, S. Y. Cheng, and Y. H. Chen

Subjects
*ZINC oxide, *NANORODS, *RAMAN scattering, *LIGHT scattering, *WURTZITE
Abstract

Polarized Raman scattering measurement on single wurtzite c-plane (001) ZnO nanorod grown by hydrothermal method has been performed at room temperature. The polarization dependence of the intensity of the Raman scattering for the phonon modes A1(TO), E1(TO), and E2high in the ZnO nanorod are obtained. The deviations of polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy from the prediction of Raman selection rules are observed, which can be attributed to the structure defects in the ZnO nanorod as confirmed by the comparison of the transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectra as well as the polarization dependent Raman signal of the annealed and unannealed ZnO nanorod. The Raman tensor elements of A1(TO) and E1(TO) phonon modes normalized to that of the E2high phonon mode are |a/d| = 0.32 ± 0.01, |b/d| = 0.49 ± 0.02, and |c/d| = 0.23 ± 0.01 for the unannealed ZnO nanorod, and |a/d| = 0.33 ± 0.01, |b/d| = 0.45 ± 0.01, and |c/d| = 0.20 ± for the annealed ZnO nanorod, which shows strong anisotropy compared to that of bulk ZnO epilayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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39. Effect of drainage on CO

Author

Ping, Yang, Derrick Y F, Lai, Jia F, Huang, and Chuan, Tong

Subjects
Greenhouse Effect, Air Pollutants, China, Atmosphere, Nitrous Oxide, Aquaculture, Seasons, Carbon Dioxide, Estuaries, Methane, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Aquaculture ponds are dominant features of the landscape in the coastal zone of China. Generally, aquaculture ponds are drained during the non-culture period in winter. However, the effects of such drainage on the production and flux of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from aquaculture ponds are largely unknown. In the present study, field-based research was performed to compare the GHG fluxes between one drained pond (DP, with a water depth of 0.05m) and one undrained pond (UDP, with a water depth of 1.16m) during one winter in the Min River estuary of southeast China. Over the entire study period, the mean CO

Published
2016

40. Supercritical CO2 Extraction Optimization of Onion Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Author

Chun-Lin Ye and Y.-F. Lai

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Supercritical carbon dioxide, Sulfide, General Chemical Engineering, Extraction (chemistry), Dry basis, Absolute (perfumery), General Chemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, chemistry, law, Yield (chemistry), Response surface methodology, Essential oil
Abstract

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of the oil from freeze-dried onion powder. The effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on the yield of oil were investigated. The maximum extraction yield of 4.69 ± 0.04 g/kg dry basis was achieved at a pressure of 20.6 MPa, a temperature of 40.6 °C, a time of 260 min, a CO2 flow rate of 22 L h–1, and an entrainer ratio of 0.1 mL absolute ethanol per gram dry basis. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most representative compounds of the essential oil were organosulfur-containing compounds and, among these, the main constituents were methyl 5-methylfuryl sulfide (18.30 %), methyl 3,4-dimethyl-2-thienyl disulfide (11.75 %) and 1-propenyl propyl disulfide (9.72 %).

Published
2012

42. Time-division secret key protocol for wireless sensor networking

Author

Yi-Wei Ma, Y.-f. Lai, Jiann-Liang Chen, Yueh-Min Huang, and Xiaofei Wang

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Jamming, Denial-of-service attack, Cryptographic protocol, Wireless sensor networking, Computer Science Applications, Key distribution in wireless sensor networks, Cipher, Key (cryptography), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Wireless sensor network, Computer network
Abstract

A device of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has restricted computational resources, and is always deployed in a harsh, unattended or hostile environment. This investigation presented the time-division secret key protocol for wireless sensor networking to detect denial-of-service (DoS) attack. Simulation results indicate that detect DoS attack and cipher function can be effectively applied to WSNs. The simulation results indicate that after running for 400 s, a detection jamming scheme still alive with 160 nodes, but the one with only 50 nodes does. This result demonstrates that a detection jamming scheme can extend the network lifetime when the WSN security is adopted.

Published
2011

43. RECENT RESULTS FROM BESII J/ψ DECAYS

Author

M. He, D. L. Shen, H. X. Yang, J. P. Liu, C. X. Liu, L. S. Wang, M. G. Zhao, J. P. Tian, W. G. Li, Han-Qing Zheng, Z.J. Guo, Qian Liu, Q. M. Ma, H. H. Liu, J. C. Li, B. X. Zhang, H. M. Hu, P. P. Zhao, H. M. Liu, P. Wang, X. M. Xia, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, Y. X. Yang, X. Y. Shen, L. L. Ma, Z. A. Liu, F. C. Ma, K. J. Zhu, J. Nie, J. C. Chen, X. Q. Li, X. T. Huang, M. Q. A. Malik, Y. Z. Sun, G. Rong, X. Wan, F. Lu, G. F. Xu, X. Tang, B. J. Liu, Yudan Wang, S. D. Gu, J. Fang, S. Jin, H. Y. Zhang, H. Qin, W. D. Li, Y. Ban, Z. P. Zheng, G. R. Lu, G. S. Huang, R. Y. Li, Z. A. Zhu, Y. S. Dai, C. S. Gao, J. Y. Zhang, Y. P. Chu, Z. X. Zhang, S. L. Zang, G. S. Varner, Cunfeng Wei, Jin Chen, J. F. Qiu, X. P. Xu, X. B. Ji, Xiaobo Zhu, Y. K. Heng, J. W. Zhao, Feng Liu, G. L. Tong, J. W. Zhang, Jinxing Zheng, C. P. Shen, Z.L. Zhu, C. Z. Yuan, G. W. Yu, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Weng, M. Ablikim, B. A. Zhuang, Huirun Chen, N. Wu, Y. N. Gao, S.L. Olsen, Z. G. Zhao, R. G. Liu, Y. F. Liang, X. D. Chen, J. B. Liu, D. P. Jin, Yu Bai, Z. J. Sun, X. H. Mo, D. H. Zhang, M. H. Ye, J. B. Jiao, Z. Y. Wang, Shang Lunlin, L. L. Wang, X. X. Xie, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Mao, H. B. Li, C. L. Luo, Y. T. Gu, H. L. Ma, Y. C. Zhu, D. H. Wei, C. C. Zhang, B. Zhong, P. L. Wang, Z. Y. Deng, S. X. Du, F. A. Harris, M. L. Yan, Yanping Huang, Q. M. Zhu, H. S. Sun, X. N. Li, Y. N. Guo, H. S. Chen, Y. Zeng, J. G. Lu, T. Hu, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, X. L. Li, Lianyou Shan, Y. B. Chen, Y. Xu, Y. F. Lai, H. F. Chen, W. F. Wang, K. L. He, J. Z. Bai, Xichao Ruan, H. Y. Sheng, C. X. Yu, N. D. Qi, R. G. Ping, H. B. Liu, Y.Y. Zhang, S. S. Sun, J. Hou, Fang Liu, D. X. Zhao, C.D. Fu, B. Y. Zhang, X. S. Jiang, B.S. Zou, H. Q. Zhang, Hongbo Liao, Z. P. Zhang, Zujian Wang, Mingming Yang, Y. X. Ye, and S. Liu

Subjects
Physics, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Lambda, Omega, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

In this representation, some recent results from BESII J/psi decays have been represented, including the analysis of J/psi -> omega p (p) over bar which is helpful to understand the threshold enhancement structure founded in J/psi -> gamma p (p) over bar is from pure final states interference(FSI) or not and the analysis of J/psi -> pK (Lambda) over bar the enhancement based on it some discussion will be hold if the structure is same one as the baryon excited states N* found in J/psi -> p (p) over bar pi(0).

Published
2009

44. Measurements of the observed cross sections for e+e−→ exclusive light hadrons containing π0π0 at s=3.773, 3.650 and 3.6648 GeV

Author

Huirun Chen, L. L. Ma, J. Hou, Fang Liu, W. G. Li, S. D. Gu, G. F. Xu, S. Jin, J. G. Lu, Z. A. Liu, R. Y. Li, Y. Ban, Cunfeng Wei, T. Hu, X. H. Mo, L. S. Wang, D. X. Zhao, C.D. Fu, B. Y. Zhang, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, K. J. Zhu, J. Nie, H. L. Ma, J. W. Zhang, X. L. Li, J. B. Jiao, W. D. Li, M. H. Ye, M. G. Zhao, X. D. Chen, J. Z. Bai, P. Wang, X. Y. Shen, H. M. Liu, L. L. Wang, Shang Lunlin, S. X. Du, X. M. Xia, Lianyou Shan, J. P. Tian, M. L. Yan, Y. S. Dai, H. B. Liu, S. Liu, B. J. Liu, Yudan Wang, H. H. Liu, Y.Y. Zhang, C. S. Gao, G. R. Lu, Jinxing Zheng, H. S. Chen, Z. Y. Deng, J. C. Li, J. C. Chen, P. P. Zhao, J. W. Zhao, S. S. Sun, M. He, Z. A. Zhu, Xichao Ruan, Q. M. Ma, G. W. Yu, D. L. Shen, X. T. Huang, J. Fang, G. Rong, X. Wan, Xiaobo Zhu, B. X. Zhang, F. Lu, H. Y. Zhang, Q. M. Zhu, Han-Qing Zheng, H. Y. Sheng, C. X. Liu, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, G. S. Huang, Y. Xu, S. L. Zang, Y. N. Guo, J. Y. Zhang, C. X. Yu, Y. P. Chu, Y. X. Yang, N. D. Qi, X. P. Xu, X. B. Ji, Z. Y. Wang, H. S. Sun, H. M. Hu, X. N. Li, Y. K. Heng, B. Zheng, R. G. Ping, X. Tang, Y. T. Gu, Y. Zeng, J. P. Liu, L. P. Zhou, Z. P. Mao, H. X. Yang, Z. P. Zheng, H. Q. Zhang, Y. B. Chen, D. H. Wei, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Weng, K. L. He, Feng Liu, G. L. Tong, M. Ablikim, B. A. Zhuang, Y. F. Lai, H. F. Chen, W. F. Wang, Z. P. Zhang, Y. Z. Sun, N. Wu, F. C. Ma, Liangbin Li, X. Y. Zhang, Zujian Wang, R. G. Liu, J. B. Liu, Z. X. Zhang, J. F. Qiu, Z.L. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, P. L. Wang, Yu Bai, Z. J. Sun, Y. N. Gao, B.S. Zou, H. B. Li, C. L. Luo, C. C. Zhang, B. Zhong, Yanping Huang, Y. F. Liang, D. P. Jin, D. H. Zhang, M. Q. A. Malik, Hongbo Liao, Mingming Yang, Y. X. Ye, X. S. Jiang, Jin Chen, X. X. Xie, X. Q. Li, and H. Qin

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Annihilation, Meson, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Atomic physics
Abstract

By analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb−1 taken at s = 3.773 GeV and of 6.5 pb−1 taken at s = 3.650 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider, we measure the observed cross sections for the exclusive light hadron final states of K S 0 K − π + , K S 0 K − π + π 0 , K S 0 K − π + π + π − , K S 0 K − π + π + π − π 0 , K S 0 K − π + π + π + π − π − and K S 0 K − π + π 0 π 0 produced in e + e − annihilation at the two energy points. We set the upper limits on the observed cross sections and the branching fractions for ψ ( 3770 ) decay to these final states at 90% C.L.

Published
2008

45. Measurements of the line shapes of DD¯ production and the ratio of the production rates of D+D− and D0D¯0 in e+e− annihilation at ψ(3770) resonance

Author

Q. M. Zhu, M. Z. Wang, Qiyang Zhang, H. S. Sun, H. Y. Zhang, Huirun Chen, Z. Z. Du, P. Wang, Haiping Peng, Jin Chen, J. Y. Zhang, S. S. Fang, Bo Xin, S. D. Gu, X. H. Mo, L. S. Wang, M. H. Ye, Y. X. Yang, Han-Qing Zheng, W. D. Li, H. M. Hu, Yi Jin, Fang Liu, Y. K. Heng, Q. M. Ma, Y.L. Li, F. Lu, Yingchun Zhu, Feng Shi, Zheng Wang, Shang Lunlin, H. Y. Sheng, Z. Q. Tan, Y. Yuan, Y. S. Zhu, G. Li, L. Y. Dong, D. X. Zhao, B. Y. Zhang, J. W. Zhao, Y. Z. Sun, X.L. Li, Z. Y. Yi, G. W. Yu, Hangxu Li, N. D. Qi, J. H. Liu, Yang Tian, C. D. Fu, Z. Y. Deng, J. Nie, J. C. Chen, Z. J. Sun, J. B. Jiao, B. X. Zhang, C. Z. Yuan, Jiming Yang, X. X. Xie, Y. S. Dai, L. L. Ma, H. B. Li, Zhe Wang, Z. A. Liu, C. S. Gao, W. R. Zhao, F. Liu, L. P. Zhou, S. X. Du, X. Y. Shen, J. Fang, C. L. Luo, Jinxing Zheng, Houbing Lu, Xunchao Zhang, Y. N. Gao, M. L. Yan, Y. P. Chu, X. B. Ji, C. C. Zhang, P. P. Zhao, Z. P. Zheng, Y. Ban, Yudan Wang, Y. T. Gu, G. R. Lu, Y. Xu, Z. P. Mao, Y. F. Liang, D. P. Jin, Xiru Huang, G. L. Tong, Xingzhu Cui, M. G. Zhao, X. Tang, M. Ablikim, B. A. Zhuang, H. L. Ma, S. M. Li, Fan Yang, D. H. Zhang, S. P. Chi, Jianwei Sun, Z. A. Zhu, Z. Y. Wang, H. H. Liu, J. C. Li, D. H. Wei, K. J. Zhu, S. S. Sun, J. M. Yuan, J. G. Lu, X. T. Huang, X. M. Xia, X. B. Ma, W. G. Li, X. S. Jiang, Xuai Zhuang, G. Rong, D. Y. Wang, T. Hu, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, Yu Zeng, X. Y. Zhang, R. G. Liu, J. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, M. He, D. L. Shen, C. X. Liu, J. G. Bian, H. X. Yang, Lianyou Shan, S. L. Zang, J. P. Liu, Yiyun Zhang, G. F. Xu, Z. Y. Ren, S. Jin, Y. X. Ye, H.B. Liao, R. Y. Li, Cunfeng Wei, Q. F. Dong, Ning Zhou, J. W. Zhang, J. Z. Bai, F. C. Ma, J. F. Qiu, Y. C. Zhu, P. L. Wang, X. Shi, H. S. Chen, X. Q. Li, Z. P. Zhang, Zujian Wang, K. L. He, H. Qin, B.S. Zou, Z.Q. Zhang, N. Wu, Y. Zeng, Y. Q. Guo, Y. B. Chen, Y. F. Lai, H. F. Chen, W. F. Wang, and Y. N. Guo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Annihilation, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Yield ratio, Resonance, Atomic physics, Line (formation)
Abstract

We report measurements of the line shapes of D + D − , D 0 D ¯ 0 and D D ¯ production as well as the line shape of the ratio of the production rates of D + D − and D 0 D ¯ 0 in e + e − annihilation at ψ ( 3770 ) resonance. We find that the line shapes of D + D − , D 0 D ¯ 0 and D D ¯ production are similar to an anomalous line shape of cross sections for e + e − → hadrons observed in the center-of-mass energy range from 3.70 to 3.87 GeV.

Published
2008

46. Search for the rare decays J/ψ→Ds−π+, J/ψ→D−π+, and J/ψ→D¯0K¯0

Author

Dapeng Jin, H. S. Sun, J. H. Liu, J. W. Zhao, Y. F. Liang, W. R. Zhao, C. Z. Yuan, H. Y. Zhang, Q. F. Dong, M. G. Zhao, J. C. Chen, C. S. Gao, J. F. Qiu, G. F. Xu, Hui Liu, S. Jin, Shaojie Zhang, Z. G. Zhao, J. B. Liu, J. Hou, Y. S. Dai, T. Hu, Y. X. Yang, X. P. Xu, X. M. Xia, S. L. Zang, X. S. Jiang, J. Fang, J. Nie, Fang Liu, Y. P. Chu, C.D. Fu, H. X. Chen, Z.J. Guo, S.L. Olsen, Klaus Götzen, D. H. Zhang, X. X. Xie, M. Wang, D. L. Shen, Zhenyu Zhang, B. J. Liu, G. S. Huang, D. X. Zhao, K. J. Peters, K. L. He, Z. P. Zheng, X. D. Ruan, S. S. Fang, N. D. Qi, X. T. Huang, H. L. Ma, X. H. Mo, H. H. Liu, X. Y. Jiang, X. A. Zhuang, Y. K. Heng, Z. Wang, Y. Weng, M. L. Yan, Z. Y. Ren, D. H. Wei, Yin Xu, B. X. Zhang, R. G. Liu, L. Y. Diao, L. S. Wang, Jin Chen, F. A. Harris, Y. N. Guo, G. S. Varner, J. Li, S. S. Sun, Z. A. Zhu, X. Q. Li, C. P. Shen, M. He, G. L. Tong, Z. Y. Wang, S. M. Li, N. Wu, H.Q. Zheng, Y. B. Chen, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, H. B. Liao, X. L. Li, Y. C. Lou, Y.N. Gao, J. G. Lu, Y. Zeng, H. S. Chen, L. L. Ma, F. C. Ma, Yongzhao Sun, H. M. Hu, C. L. Luo, S. D. Gu, Xiao Cai, Zheng Wang, G. R. Lu, L. Zhou, H. B. Li, S. X. Du, Y. C. Zhu, F. Liu, X. Tang, L. Z. Wang, Q. M. Zhu, G. Rong, J. Y. Zhang, M. H. Ye, H. F. Chen, W. F. Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, X. Y. Shen, Yiyun Zhang, J. B. Jiao, C. L. Wei, Y. X. Ye, X. B. Ji, L. Shang, J. P. Liu, Jian Liu, B. A. Zhuang, C. X. Liu, Y. Yuan, Q. M. Ma, P. Wang, Zhentao Zhang, R. G. Ping, W. D. Li, Z. A. Liu, G. Li, P. L. Wang, Y. Ban, Y. F. Wang, H. X. Yang, J. W. Zhang, Y. T. Gu, D. Y. Wang, G. W. Yu, Y. F. Lai, B. S. Zou, Xiao-yan Li, W. G. Li, M. Ablikim, R. Y. Li, L. L. Wang, Jun Hu, K. J. Zhu, J. Z. Bai, Z. P. Mao, H. Y. Sheng, F. Lu, P. P. Zhao, Zhang Bo, Qian Liu, H. Qin, L. Y. Shan, C. C. Zhang, J. P. Zheng, Z. Y. Deng, and Y. S. Zhu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Atomic physics
Abstract

Rare decay modes J / ψ → D s − π + + c.c. , J / ψ → D − π + + c.c. , and J / ψ → D ¯ 0 K ¯ 0 + c.c. are searched for using 5.77 × 10 7 J / ψ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC. No signal above background is observed. We present upper limits on the branching fractions of B ( J / ψ → D s − π + ) 1.3 × 10 −4 , B ( J / ψ → D − π + ) 7.5 × 10 −5 , and B ( J / ψ → D ¯ 0 K ¯ 0 ) 1.7 × 10 −4 at the 90% confidence level.

Published
2008

47. Determination of the ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160) and ψ(4415) resonance parameters

Author

B. J. Liu, S. S. Fang, Z. Wang, M. Wang, S. L. Zang, H. Y. Sheng, X. S. Jiang, J. Nie, G. F. Xu, C.D. Fu, H. X. Chen, Shaojie Zhang, J. P. Zheng, X. P. Xu, X. M. Xia, Y. P. Chu, P. P. Zhao, H. L. Ma, Y. Weng, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Y. Xu, Z. A. Zhu, Y. Zeng, R. G. Liu, H. Qin, N. Wu, Dapeng Jin, Z. P. Zhang, J. W. Zhao, J. P. Liu, H. M. Hu, Jian Liu, W. R. Zhao, Z. Y. Ren, Q. M. Ma, S. Jin, Y. N. Guo, C. Z. Yuan, H. Y. Zhang, Q. F. Dong, H. B. Liao, J. G. Lu, B. A. Zhuang, Zhang Bo, C. C. Zhang, C. X. Liu, Yongzhao Sun, Hui Liu, C. S. Gao, Y. Yuan, D. L. Shen, G. Rong, H. F. Chen, N. D. Qi, Z. G. Zhao, J. F. Qiu, W. F. Wang, D. H. Wei, L. L. Ma, Fang Liu, Qian Liu, L. Y. Shan, Z. Y. Wang, Z. Y. Deng, Zheng Wang, X. T. Huang, Z.J. Guo, K. L. He, X. D. Ruan, X. A. Zhuang, Y. S. Zhu, L. S. Wang, Y. F. Wang, X. H. Mo, Jin Chen, F. A. Harris, B. X. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Y. B. Chen, J. C. Chen, Y. F. Lai, J. Fang, J. Li, S. S. Sun, S. X. Du, H. X. Yang, J. H. Liu, G. R. Lu, L. Zhou, H. B. Li, Y. N. Gao, J. Y. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, C. L. Luo, G. W. Yu, D. H. Zhang, S.L. Olsen, Xiao Cai, J. Hou, X. B. Ji, Q. M. Zhu, G. S. Huang, Y. X. Yang, F. C. Ma, Y. K. Heng, X. Y. Jiang, B. S. Zou, X. Y. Shen, Xiao-yan Li, Y. S. Dai, H. S. Sun, Y. F. Liang, S. M. Li, M. H. Ye, M. G. Zhao, X. Q. Li, X. X. Xie, H. S. Chen, D. X. Zhao, X. Tang, Han-Qing Zheng, Y. C. Zhu, F. Liu, M. L. Yan, C. L. Wei, L. Shang, L. Y. Diao, T. Hu, J. B. Liu, G. S. Varner, X. L. Li, Y. C. Lou, L. Z. Wang, M. He, G. L. Tong, J. B. Jiao, Xiaomei Zhang, Yiyun Zhang, S. D. Gu, Y. X. Ye, M. Ablikim, R. Y. Li, L. L. Wang, Jun Hu, K. J. Zhu, P. Wang, D. Y. Wang, W. G. Li, Z. P. Zheng, H. H. Liu, C. P. Shen, Z. A. Liu, G. Li, P. L. Wang, Y. Ban, Y. T. Gu, R. G. Ping, F. Lu, W. D. Li, J. Z. Bai, and Z. P. Mao

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Radiative transfer, High mass, Resonance, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electron
Abstract

R values measured with the BESII detector at center-of-mass energies between 3.7 and 5.0 GeV are fitted to determine resonance parameters (mass, total width, electron width) of the high mass charmonium states, ψ ( 3770 ) , ψ ( 4040 ) , ψ ( 4160 ) and ψ ( 4415 ) . Various effects, including the interferences and relative phases between the resonances, the energy-dependence of the full widths, and the initial state radiative correction, are examined. The results are compared to previous studies.

Published
2008

48. First observation of J/ψ and ψ(2S) decaying to nKS0Λ¯+c.c

Author

X. P. Xu, H. Y. Sheng, X. M. Xia, C. C. Zhang, Y. P. Chu, C. L. Luo, Xiao Cai, Z. Y. Deng, P. P. Zhao, H. Qin, Y. S. Zhu, C. S. Gao, Z. Y. Wang, J. F. Qiu, T. Hu, X. X. Xie, Y. X. Yang, S. Jin, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Y. C. Zhu, F. Liu, H. L. Ma, Klaus Götzen, J. Z. Bai, Y. Zeng, Y. Weng, Dapeng Jin, Z. P. Zhang, Zhang Bo, Shaojie Zhang, J. P. Zheng, D. X. Zhao, K. J. Peters, H. X. Yang, J. W. Zhang, M. Ablikim, G. W. Yu, Z. Y. Ren, X. A. Zhuang, M. Wang, M. L. Yan, L. Y. Diao, M. He, G. L. Tong, Y. Xu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Jiang, R. Y. Li, J. Fang, B. S. Zou, Z. P. Zheng, H. B. Liao, Xiao-yan Li, L. Z. Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Y. N. Guo, Yiyun Zhang, N. Wu, X. L. Li, H. H. Liu, Y. C. Lou, J. G. Lu, S. D. Gu, Jin Chen, F. A. Harris, J. P. Liu, Z. P. Mao, Z. G. Zhao, X. H. Mo, B. X. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Jian Liu, Yongzhao Sun, J. Hou, Y. X. Ye, L. L. Ma, L. L. Wang, D. L. Shen, Qian Liu, S. L. Zang, J. B. Jiao, C. P. Shen, X. S. Jiang, L. S. Wang, R. G. Ping, S. X. Du, J. Nie, Zheng Wang, Q. M. Ma, L. Y. Shan, S.L. Olsen, N. D. Qi, D. H. Wei, F. Lu, C.D. Fu, X. Y. Shen, Y. N. Gao, G. F. Xu, J. Y. Zhang, J. H. Liu, Fang Liu, H. X. Chen, Y. F. Wang, X. T. Huang, W. D. Li, Y. F. Lai, Z. A. Liu, G. Li, X. B. Ji, G. R. Lu, L. Zhou, H. B. Li, R. G. Liu, J. B. Liu, P. Wang, P. L. Wang, Y. Ban, J. Li, H. S. Sun, B. J. Liu, Q. M. Zhu, D. Y. Wang, S. S. Fang, Y. T. Gu, H. M. Hu, Y. S. Dai, G. S. Varner, Z. Wang, W. G. Li, Y. F. Liang, J. C. Chen, G. Rong, H. F. Chen, Jun Hu, W. F. Wang, K. J. Zhu, Han-Qing Zheng, C. L. Wei, L. Shang, M. G. Zhao, D. H. Zhang, Y. B. Chen, S. M. Li, H. S. Chen, X. Tang, S. S. Sun, B. A. Zhuang, C. X. Liu, Y. Yuan, F. C. Ma, M. H. Ye, J. W. Zhao, W. R. Zhao, C. Z. Yuan, H. Y. Zhang, Q. F. Dong, Hui Liu, K. L. He, X. D. Ruan, Z.J. Guo, G. S. Huang, Y. K. Heng, and X. Q. Li

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, law, Branching fraction, Perturbative QCD, Limit (mathematics), Atomic physics, Collider, law.invention
Abstract

The decays of J / ψ and ψ ( 2 S ) to n K S 0 Λ ¯ + c.c. are observed and measured for the first time, and the perturbative QCD “12%” rule is tested, based on 5.8 × 10 7 J / ψ and 1.4 × 10 7 ψ ( 2 S ) events collected with BESII detector at the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider. No obvious enhancement near n Λ ¯ threshold in J / ψ → n K S 0 Λ ¯ + c.c. is observed, and the upper limit on the branching ratio of J / ψ → K S 0 X , X → n Λ ¯ is determined.

Published
2008

49. Direct measurements of the branching fractions for inclusive K± and inclusive semileptonic decays of D+ and D0 mesons

Author

Z. G. Zhao, Z. Y. Ren, Fang Liu, X. T. Huang, Y. N. Guo, J. B. Liu, D. L. Shen, B. J. Liu, J. Li, S. S. Fang, X. Y. Shen, N. D. Qi, Z. Wang, F. Lu, S. Jin, Zhang Bo, D. H. Wei, Jun Hu, R. G. Ping, Yin Xu, S. D. Gu, K. J. Zhu, X. P. Xu, J. Z. Bai, Z. P. Zheng, J. Fang, X. M. Xia, Y. P. Chu, Dapeng Jin, B. A. Zhuang, C. X. Liu, J. C. Chen, Y. Yuan, H. H. Liu, J. W. Zhao, W. R. Zhao, H. M. Hu, J. H. Liu, L. Y. Shan, C. Z. Yuan, H. Y. Zhang, Q. F. Dong, D. X. Zhao, G. F. Xu, Z. A. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, F. Liu, D. H. Zhang, Z. P. Mao, Hui Liu, H. L. Ma, N. Wu, Y. Weng, M. L. Yan, L. Y. Diao, W. D. Li, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Y. Zeng, Y. X. Yang, Z. P. Zhang, Y. S. Dai, G. Rong, H. F. Chen, H. Y. Sheng, H. X. Yang, J. W. Zhang, S. S. Sun, X. L. Li, Y. C. Lou, T. Hu, X. Y. Jiang, X. H. Mo, B. X. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, R. G. Liu, G. W. Yu, Z. A. Liu, G. Li, L. S. Wang, J. B. Jiao, F. C. Ma, C. L. Wei, H. B. Liao, X. A. Zhuang, L. Shang, L. L. Ma, P. L. Wang, Y. Ban, Q. M. Ma, J. G. Lu, P. Wang, G. R. Lu, L. Zhou, B. S. Zou, H. B. Li, L. Z. Wang, Zheng Wang, C. L. Luo, Yongzhao Sun, Xiao Cai, Xiao-yan Li, Xiaomei Zhang, Jin Chen, M. H. Ye, Yiyun Zhang, D. Y. Wang, Y. F. Wang, M. He, G. L. Tong, J. P. Liu, Jian Liu, J. P. Zheng, S. X. Du, Q. M. Zhu, M. Wang, Y. F. Lai, C. S. Gao, W. G. Li, Y. T. Gu, Y. X. Ye, J. F. Qiu, Y. N. Gao, Y. B. Chen, J. Y. Zhang, X. B. Ji, Z. Y. Wang, M. Ablikim, R. Y. Li, L. L. Wang, X. X. Xie, H. S. Sun, Y. F. Liang, M. G. Zhao, S. M. Li, H.Q. Zheng, H. S. Chen, X. Tang, Y. S. Zhu, C. C. Zhang, Z. Y. Deng, P. P. Zhao, Qian Liu, H. Qin, Shaojie Zhang, X. Q. Li, Y. K. Heng, J. Hou, S. L. Zang, X. S. Jiang, J. Nie, C.D. Fu, H. X. Chen, K. L. He, and X. D. Ruan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson, Branching (polymer chemistry)
Abstract

With singly-tagged D ¯ samples selected from the data collected at and around 3.773 GeV with the BESII detector at the BEPC collider, we have measured the branching fractions for the inclusive K ± decays of D + and D 0 mesons, which are BF ( D + → K − X ) = ( 24.7 ± 1.3 ± 1.2 ) % , BF ( D + → K + X ) = ( 6.1 ± 0.9 ± 0.4 ) % , BF ( D 0 → K − X ) = ( 57.8 ± 1.6 ± 3.2 ) % and BF ( D 0 → K + X ) = ( 3.5 ± 0.7 ± 0.3 ) % , respectively. We have also measured the branching fractions for the inclusive semileptonic decays of D + and D 0 mesons to be BF ( D + → e + X ) = ( 15.2 ± 0.9 ± 0.8 ) % and BF ( D 0 → e + X ) = ( 6.3 ± 0.7 ± 0.4 ) % . These yield the ratio of their partial widths to be Γ ( D + → e + X ) / Γ ( D 0 → e + X ) = 0.95 ± 0.12 ± 0.07 .

Published
2007

50. Measurements of the observed cross sections for exclusive light hadron production in e+e− annihilation at s=3.773 and 3.650 GeV

Author

J. B. Liu, Y. X. Yang, J. Fang, Z. A. Liu, G. Li, S. D. Gu, P. L. Wang, Y. Ban, X. L. Li, Y. C. Lou, L. L. Ma, P. Wang, X. Y. Jiang, Z. P. Mao, Dapeng Jin, G. F. Xu, Zheng Wang, Y. T. Gu, S. S. Sun, J. B. Jiao, G. R. Lu, Z. P. Zheng, L. Zhou, H. B. Li, Zhang Bo, H. Y. Sheng, D. Y. Wang, X. A. Zhuang, B. J. Liu, H. H. Liu, R. G. Ping, Q. M. Ma, W. G. Li, S. S. Fang, T. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. F. Wang, B. A. Zhuang, C. X. Liu, W. D. Li, Jin Chen, Q. M. Zhu, Y. Yuan, Y. Xu, Z. A. Zhu, Y. F. Lai, Han-Qing Zheng, S. M. Li, N. Wu, J. W. Zhao, J. P. Zheng, L. Y. Shan, Z. G. Zhao, W. R. Zhao, C. L. Wei, H. B. Liao, L. Shang, C. Z. Yuan, H. Y. Zhang, F. Lu, J. G. Lu, H. S. Chen, Q. F. Dong, Fang Liu, D. X. Zhao, X. Tang, F. C. Ma, M. He, G. L. Tong, Yongzhao Sun, Hui Liu, J. Hou, M. L. Yan, L. S. Wang, L. Y. Diao, M. Ablikim, K. L. He, X. D. Ruan, C. S. Gao, C. L. Luo, S. L. Zang, J. F. Qiu, X. S. Jiang, J. Nie, M. H. Ye, Y. B. Chen, R. Y. Li, Xiao Cai, C.D. Fu, J. H. Liu, H. X. Chen, L. L. Wang, Shaojie Zhang, Y. S. Dai, S. Jin, Jun Hu, K. J. Zhu, Z. Y. Ren, H. M. Hu, Y. N. Guo, X. T. Huang, X. H. Mo, B. X. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, J. Li, X. P. Xu, X. M. Xia, Y. P. Chu, G. Rong, H. F. Chen, S. X. Du, Y. N. Gao, J. Y. Zhang, X. B. Ji, H. L. Ma, Y. Weng, M. Wang, P. P. Zhao, X. Y. Shen, Qian Liu, H. Qin, Y. S. Zhu, X. Q. Li, C. C. Zhang, Z. Y. Deng, Y. K. Heng, H. X. Yang, J. W. Zhang, G. W. Yu, B. S. Zou, Xiao-yan Li, J. P. Liu, Jian Liu, Y. C. Zhu, F. Liu, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Y. Zeng, Z. P. Zhang, X. X. Xie, J. C. Chen, D. H. Zhang, D. L. Shen, N. D. Qi, D. H. Wei, Z. Y. Wang, L. Z. Wang, H. S. Sun, Xiaomei Zhang, Yiyun Zhang, Y. F. Liang, Y. X. Ye, M. G. Zhao, J. Z. Bai, and R. G. Liu

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

By analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb−1 taken at s = 3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb−1 taken at s = 3.650 GeV with the BESII detector at the BEPC collider, we have measured the observed cross sections for 12 exclusive light hadron final states produced in e + e − annihilation at the two energy points. We have also set the upper limits on the observed cross sections and the branching fractions for ψ ( 3770 ) decay to these final states at 90% C.L.

Published
2007

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