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This paper presents a new noninvasive blood glucose monitoring method based on four near infrared spectrums and double artificial neural network analysis. We choose four near infrared wavelengths, 820 nm, 875 nm, 945 nm, 1050 nm, as transmission spectrums, and capture four fingers transmission PPG signals simultaneously. The wavelet transform algorithm is used to remove baseline drift, smooth signals and extract eight eigenvalues of each PPG signal. The eigenvalues are the input parameters of double artificial neural network analysis model. Double artificial neural network regression combines the classification recognition algorithm with prediction algorithm to improve the accuracy of measurement. Experiments show that the root mean square error of the prediction is between 0.97 mg/dL - 6.69 mg/dL, the average of root mean square error is 3.80 mg/dL.

To study the effects of SSF, an effective part isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis George, on memory impairments and the pathological changes of neural and immunological systems in senescent mice induced by chronic galactose.Senescent performance in mice was induced by consecutive administration of D-galactose (120 mg/kg, ip) for 47 d. The behavioral tests of mice used water maze task. The neural and immunological changes were assessed by alterations of cerebral cortex morphology and immune tissue index. The improving effects of SSF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, ig, 47 d) on above changes in the senescent mice were detected. Piracetam (PIR) was as reference drug.D-Galactose (120 mg/kg, ip, 47 d) resulted in an increase in the latencies to find the terminal platform and the number of errors entering non-exits in water maze, neuropathological changes and immune tissue index (spleen index) deducted in mice as compared with saline treated group. Both PIR (200 mg/kg, ig, 47 d) and SSF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, ig, 47 d) could significantly reverse the increased latencies and number of errors and improve the pathological alterations of neural and immunological systems.SSF could ameliorate the cognitive deficits and pathological alterations of neuron and immune systems in senescent mice induced by chronic galactose.

To determine the memory-improving properties of huperzine A in aged rats with memory impairments naturally occurring or induced by scopolamine.Morris water maze was used to investigate the effects of huperzine A on the acquisition and memory impairments.During 7-day acquisition trials, aged rats took longer latency to find the platform. Huperzine A (0.1-0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) could significantly reduce the latency. In the probe trials on the eighth day, huperzine A (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly increased the time in the quadrant where plateform had disappeared in aged rats. In the acute experiment, scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly impaired spatial memory in the trained aged rats. Huperzine A (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly reversed the memory deficits induced by scopolamine.Huperzine A ameliorates the impaired memory naturally occurring or induced by scopolamine in aged rats.

To study the effects of huperzine A on lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum of aged rats.The level of lipid peroxidation was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance method and represented as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wet tissue. The activity of SOD was determined by xanthine-xanthine oxidase method and represented as the nitrite unit per gram protein in wet tissue.The levels of MDA and the manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) activities in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum of aged male rats were 2.3-2.8 times and 1.8-2.8 times, respectively, higher than those of adult male rats. Huperzine A (0.05 mg/kg, ig) lowered markedly the levels of MDA and the activities of Mn-SOD in aged male rats following 7-14 d consecutive administrations. The MDA levels in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum decreased 44.7-52.8% (7 d) and 52.6-54.7% (14 d). The Mn-SOD activities in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum lowered 25.0 -57.6% (7 d) and 56.0-74.2% (14 d). In adult rats, no marked change was found after 7-14 d consecutive administrations of huperzine A at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg.Huperzine A improved the abnormal free radicals in aged rats.