Search

In this work, we focus on three factors as regards information degradation in 4 Tbpsi heated-dot magnetic recording, namely, (1) the reduction in readout field strength due to dot area variation, (2) the reversal of the magnetization direction during 10 years of archiving due to thermal fluctuation, and (3) during adjacent track writing due to thermal fluctuation (adjacent track interference, ATI). We consider the full width at half maximum of the readout field as well as the peak value. The bit error rate bER as a function of the minimum normalized readout field H0, that must be readable without error, is calculated using each dot error probability, taking account of dot area variation and thermal fluctuation. The H0 value needed to achieve a certain bER is determined by dot area variation. There is a minimum dot height for a certain bER, which is determined by thermal fluctuation. Even if the dot height is increased, the H0value cannot be increased. Since temperature has a strong impact on dot error probability, a very large thermal gradient in the cross-track direction is needed to suppress ATI.

In this work we examine grain arrangement and medium structure, temperature profile during writing, adjacent track interference, information stability during 10 years of archiving, information stability in a high Curie temperature (HC) layer during writing in a low Curie temperature (LC) layer, and writing sensitivity on 4 Tbpsi shingled heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with a bit aspect ratio of 1.5 and 2 Tbpsi/layer (total density of 4 Tbpsi) three-dimensional (3D) HAMR with bit aspect ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. A small bit aspect ratio is preferable in 3D HAMR. The grain aspect ratios for both HAMR and 3D HAMR may be too large when it comes to manufacturing the recording layer. The low Curie temperature of the LC layer may be disadvantageous with respect to the writing property. The readout field is small for both the LC and HC layers in 3D HAMR. The writing sensitivity for HAMR is worse than that for 3D HAMR because the statistical factor is affected by the readout grain number and erasure-after-write is affected by the grain column number. Although both HAMR and 3D HAMR have disadvantages, the poor writing sensitivity in HAMR is a serious problem.

To achieve a 20 Gbps data rate using the upcoming 5G communication standard, it is crucial to recognize a domain wall (DW) velocity (vDW) of 1200 m s−1.

Working relationships between veterinary medical teaching hospitals, animal shelters, and rescue groups are one way to increase veterinary students’ and residents’ hands-on training. The goal of this study is to describe the use of a shelter fracture program to improve the surgical skills of surgical residents. In this program, the participating shelter and rescue organizations electronically submit cases. Following evaluation of radiographs and case approval by the orthopedic faculty, the case is scheduled for a physical evaluation. A resident takes primary surgical care together with a fourth-year student rotating through the orthopedic surgery service to ensure the proper pre-, peri-, and post-operative standard of care. All care is overseen by the orthopedic faculty. A veterinary student–run fracture foster program allows students to gain additional experience in the pre-, peri-, and post-operative care of shelter animals. The total number of shelter animals treated during a 9-year period was 373, with a mean annual case load of 41.1 cases (± 10.3). During the same time period, a total of 435 client-owned cases underwent surgical fracture treatment, with a mean annual case load of 48 cases (± 11.7). Surgical resident and student surveys show that this program contributes to their knowledge, skills, and confidence in treating fracture patients. A successful cooperative program provides advanced surgical fracture treatment of shelter animals, improving animals’ quality of life as well as surgical residents’ and veterinary students’ skills training.

The groove shape of the weld faying part was investigated to obtain an ideal pipe friction-welded joint that had a fracture in the base metal and no inner flash of it. The steel pipe had inner and outer diameters of 8.0 mm and 13.5 mm, respectively, and the weld faying surface was of a basic flat shape (butt) type. Moreover, stepped and tapered groove shapes were prepared. Pipe groove shapes were welded with a friction speed of 27.5 s−1 and a friction load of 2.79 kN. Joining phenomena during the welding process were observed, and the tensile strength of joints was evaluated. The joints, that fabricated with flat or step groove shapes, made with a friction time at which the friction torque reached the initial peak did not have the tensile strength of the base metal nor a fracture in the base metal. However, the joints fabricated with a friction time that reached past the initial peak had a large flash, and they contained a fracture in the base metal. In contrast, when joints were made with a gently tapered groove shape with a friction time reaching the time of the initial peak, they achieved a fracture in the base metal, despite having an extremely small inner flash. Therefore, the shape at the weld faying part was capable of reducing the flash exhausted from the weld interface.

In order to obtain easily good joint with no crack at the interface between Ni-based superalloy (Ni-SA) and heat-resistant steel (HRS), the investigation of weldability in those material combinations by friction welding method is required. This paper described the joining phenomena and the tensile strength of the friction-welded joint between Ni-SA and HRS. The joining phenomena during the friction process, such as joining behaviour and friction torque, were measured. The effects of friction pressure, friction time, and forge pressure on the joint tensile strength were also investigated, and the characteristics of joints were observed and analysed. The good joint, which had the fracture in the HRS base metal and the tensile strength of its base metal with no crack at the weld interface, could be successfully achieved, although it had the hardened and softened areas at the adjacent region of the weld interface. In conclusion, it was found that the joint should be made with an opportune friction time after the HRS side was transferred to the entire weld interface on the Ni-SA side and with adding high forge pressure such as 360 MPa. Hence, the good joint could be obtained by friction welding method.

In a perpendicularly magnetized (PM) material with the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI), a chirality-induced effective magnetic field (EMF) acts on a magnetic domain wall, which is a naturally formed in-plane magnetized (IM) region sandwiched by perpendicular (PM) regions. In this study, we artificially created a Pt/Co/MgO system with the regions exhibiting different anisotropy, that is, IM and PM regions, and the chirality-induced EMF at the PM/IM boundary was investigated using it. The EMF in the IM region was probed using magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. When the field was applied orthogonally to the wire, a unidirectional shift of the MR curve was observed, indicating that the EMF exists in the IM region. The dependence of the EMF on the width of the IM region suggests that the EMF acts dominantly on the magnetization near the PM/IM boundary. Moreover, the sign of the shift is reversed with reversing the PM direction. The sign and magnitude of the EMF observed in this study suggest that the EMF in the present system is caused by iDMI.

Cribriform lymph node pattern is an independent risk factor for metachronous or synchronous distant metastasis in patients with stage III and IV node-positive colorectal cancer. Multivariable analysis in patients with stage III disease indicated that the cribriform pattern of carcinoma in the lymph nodes was an independent risk factor for recurrence and survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that the group with stage III cribriform-type lymph node carcinoma had shorter recurrence-free and overall survival times than the stage III group with the tubular type (P < 0.001).

We report the soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission study for LaNi 2 Ge 2 to reveal the electronic structures derived from non-4 f bands of the heavy fermion compound CeNi 2 Ge 2 . The photoemission spectra recorded at the La M 4,5 absorption edges clearly show the enhancement of the La 5 d components in the valence band spectra. The circular dichroism of photoemission spectra reveals the band-dependent dichroic response due to the orbital symmetry.

Detailed information on the electronic states of both V and Mn $3d$ electrons in the ferrimagnet $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ is obtained by bulk sensitive resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (SX-RIXS) excited with circularly polarized light under an external magnetic field. The results under the V $L$-edge excitation have revealed the negligible partial density of states (PDOS) of the V $3d$ states around the Fermi energy as well as their rather localized character. Under the Mn $L$-edge excitation, on the other hand, the spectra are dominated by fluorescence with clear magnetic circular dichroism with noticeable excitation photon energy dependence. Compared with the theoretical prediction of the RIXS spectra based on the density-functional-theory band structure calculation, an itinerant, spin-dependent character of the Mn $3d$ states and decays of the Mn $2p$ core states are confirmed in consistence with the half-metallicity of the Mn $3d$ states.

Three new species of the “horn-backed” phyline plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn, namely, P. erinaceulus, P. maruyamai and P. parvolus, are described from Borneo, Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia. The following species are newly recorded within Southeast Asia: P. lambirensis from the Malay Peninsula; P. laticollaris from Sumatra; P. longirostris and P. multivillus from Borneo. A supplementary key to the key by Nakatani et al. (2013) is provided. Y. Nakatani*, Natural Resources Inventory Center, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan. nakatany@affrc.go.jp T. Komatsu, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. corocoro1232000@yahoo.co.jp U. Shimizu-kaya, Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan. shimizu.kaya.55c@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp T. Itioka, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ichioka.takao.5m@kyoto-u.ac.jp T. Itino, S. Ueda, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan. ueda32@shinshu-u.ac.jp R. Hashim, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. rh4758@gmail.com W. Asfiya, S. Hartini, Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia. wara.asfiya@lipi.go.id H. Herwina, Laboratorium Riset Taksonomi Hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Andalas, Kampus UNAND Limau Manis, Padang, 25163, Indonesia. hennyf91@gmail.com

We report the core-level photoemission study of cubic PrBe13, PrIr2Zn20 and PrB6 using linearly polarized hard X-ray. We have successfully observed linear dichroism (LD) in Pr3+ 3d core-level photoemission spectra reflecting the 4f ground-state symmetry for all the compounds. The observed LDs and polarization-dependent spectra are reproduced by ionic-model calculations including the full multiplet theory and the local crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting. We have confirmed that LDs in Pr3+ 3d core-level photoemission spectra are able to determine unambiguously the Pr3+ 4f ground-state symmetry.

We present a detailed study on the $4f$ ground-state symmetry of the pressure-induced superconductor ${\mathrm{CeCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ probed by soft x-ray absorption and hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The revised Ce $4f$ ground states are determined as $|{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{7}\ensuremath{\rangle}=\sqrt{0.45}|{J}_{z}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\frac{5}{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}\ensuremath{-}\sqrt{0.55}|\ensuremath{\mp}\frac{3}{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ with $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$-type in-plane rotational symmetry. This gives an in-plane magnetic moment consistent with the antiferromagnetic moment as reported in neutron measurements. Since the in-plane symmetry is the same as that for the superconductor ${\mathrm{CeCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$, we propose that the charge distribution along the $c$ axis plays an essential role in driving the system into a superconducting phase.

Background Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (iBCG) is used as an effective immunotherapy of bladder cancer. However it may have, as adverse event, a reactive arthritis (ReA) and the frequencies are known as about 0.5% to 1% in Western countries. Objectives To evaluate the trend of incidence rate, frequency and HLA phenotype of reactive arthritis (ReA), uveitis and other adverse events in Japanese patients with bladder cancer following iBCG therapy. Methods The clinical findings of Japanese patients who received iBCG (n=555 [250 and 305 in Kochi Medical School Hospital and Kurashiki Medical Centre, respectively]) for bladder cancer from March 1997 to February 2017 were retrospectively assessed, with specific attention to patients with ReA and uveitis. HLA phenotypes of patients with ReA were also looked. Moreover, iBCG-induced ReA diagnosed from 1997 to 2007 were compared with that from 2007 to 2017. Finally, outcomes of ReA patients were also evaluated. Results Patients’ mean age was 72±10 years and male/female ratio was 438/117. Fever, haematuria, and dysuria were presented in 91/555 (16.4%), 121/555 (21.8%), and 196/555 (35.3%), respectively of all enrolled patients. Of the 555 cases, ReA and uveitis were revealed in 11/555 (2.0%) and 4/555 (0.7%). The protocol of iBCG therapy was stable over the 20 years. Notably, HLA-B27, -B35, -B39 and -B51 positivity was more frequent in ReA patients (9.1%, 36.3%, 36.3% and 63.6%, respectively) (p Conclusions The 2.0% iBCG-induced ReA frequency in Japanese patients exceeds that in Western countries, and its incidence has been stable and all ReA did not progress chronic type and SpA over the last 20 years. HLA phenotype, especially HLA-B51 and -B39 alleles in addition to -B27, may be a risk factor in iBCG-induced ReA in Japanese patients. Disclosure of Interest None declared

We present clear experimental evidence for the momentum-dependent heavy fermionic electronic structures of the $4f$-based strongly correlated system ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ by soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A comparison between the experimental three-dimensional quasiparticle dispersion of ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ has revealed that heavy fermionic electronic structures are seen in the region surrounding a specific momentum. Furthermore, the wave vectors between the observed ``heavy spots'' are consistent with a result of neutron scattering reflecting magnetic correlations, which could be a trigger for the superconductivity in ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$.

We have studied the electronic structure of ferrimagnetic ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ single crystals by means of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray absorption magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and resonant soft x-ray inelastic scattering (RIXS). We have successfully observed the XMCD signals for all the constituent elements. The Mn ${L}_{2,3}$ XAS and XMCD spectra are reproduced by spectral simulations based on density-functional theory, indicating the itinerant character of the Mn $3d$ states. On the other hand, the V $3d$ electrons are rather localized since the ionic model can qualitatively explain the V ${L}_{2,3}$ XAS and XMCD spectra. This picture is consistent with local $dd$ excitations revealed by the V ${L}_{3}$ RIXS.

We revisit the delocalized character of the $4f$ states of ${\mathrm{CeFe}}_{2}$ in the ferromagnetically ordered phase by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with improved data quality using single crystals. Surprisingly, the Ce ${M}_{4,5}$ XMCD spectral shape changes significantly as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, with no concomitant changes in the spectral shape of the Ce ${M}_{4,5}$ XAS as well as the Fe ${L}_{2,3}$ XAS and XMCD. This unusual behavior is characterized by the $J=7/2$ states in a $4{f}^{1}$ configuration mixed into the $J=5/2$ ground state. Such extreme sensitivity of the Ce $4f$ states to the external perturbations can be related to the magnetic instability toward an antiferromagnetic phase in ${\mathrm{CeFe}}_{2}$. Our experimental data presented here provide valuable insights into the underlying physics in strongly hybridized ferromagnetic Ce compounds.

We report experimentally observed linear dichroism in angle-resolved core-level photoemission spectra of PrIr2Zn20 and PrB6 in cubic symmetry. The different anisotropic 4f charge distributions between the compounds due to the crystalline-electric-field splitting are responsible for the difference in the linear dichroism, which has been verified by spectral simulations with the full multiplet theory for a single-site Pr3+ ion in cubic symmetry. The observed linear dichroism and polarization-dependent spectra in two different photoelectron directions for PrIr2Zn20 are reproduced by theoretical analysis for the Gamma_3 ground state, whereas those of the Pr 3d and 4d core levels indicate the Gamma_5 ground state for PrB6., 6 pages, 4 figures

A captive 8-yr-old female mountain coati, Nasuella olivacea, presented with intermittent paresis of the pelvic limbs. The coati was anesthetized for radiographs, which showed mineralized discs in the thoracolumbar region. After 3 mo of daily prednisone, its condition further declined. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed extradural disc herniation, spinal cord compression, and requirement for a left-sided hemilaminectomy. Postoperatively, the coati received prednisolone, gabapentin, tramadol, and clavamox. An established history of positive reinforcement training allowed caretakers to implement physical therapy walks and novel exercises designed for its condition. The coati showed improvement with appropriate proprioceptive positioning and improved balance. Intervertebral disc disease is common in dogs and cats, and although physical therapy is routinely implemented in recovering neurologic patients of those species, it is relatively new in zoologic medicine. This report highlights the benefits of behavioral management in postoperative management of nondomestic species.

A single-shot CCD-based data acquisition system for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using an X-ray free-electron laser has been developed. The basic performance of the system is demonstrated using XFEL-induced and synchrotron-radiation-induced Ti 1s core-level spectroscopy., In order to utilize high-brilliance photon sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), for advanced time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-PES), a single-shot CCD-based data acquisition system combined with a high-resolution hemispherical electron energy analyzer has been developed. The system’s design enables it to be controlled by an external trigger signal for single-shot pump–probe-type TR-PES. The basic performance of the system is demonstrated with an offline test, followed by online core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy in ‘single-shot image’, ‘shot-to-shot image (image-to-image storage or block storage)’ and ‘shot-to-shot sweep’ modes at soft X-ray undulator beamline BL17SU of SPring-8. In the offline test the typical repetition rate for image-to-image storage mode has been confirmed to be about 15 Hz using a conventional pulse-generator. The function for correcting the shot-to-shot intensity fluctuations of the exciting photon beam, an important requirement for the TR-PES experiments at FEL sources, has been successfully tested at BL17SU by measuring Au 4f photoelectrons with intentionally controlled photon flux. The system has also been applied to hard X-ray PES (HAXPES) in ‘ordinary sweep’ mode as well as shot-to-shot image mode at the 27 m-long undulator beamline BL19LXU of SPring-8 and also at the SACLA XFEL facility. The XFEL-induced Ti 1s core-level spectrum of La-doped SrTiO3 is reported as a function of incident power density. The Ti 1s core-level spectrum obtained at low power density is consistent with the spectrum obtained using the synchrotron source. At high power densities the Ti 1s core-level spectra show space-charge effects which are analysed using a known mean-field model for ultrafast electron packet propagation. The results successfully confirm the capability of the present data acquisition system for carrying out the core-level HAXPES studies of condensed matter induced by the XFEL.

Seven new species of the phyline plant bug genus Pilophorus Hahn, 1926, namely, P. aurifasciatus Nakatani & Komatsu, P. gracilipennis Nakatani & Komatsu, P. lambirensis Nakatani & Komatsu, P. laticollaris Nakatani & Komatsu, P. longirostris Nakatani & Komatsu, P. multivillus Nakatani & Komatsu, and P. unifasciatus Nakatani & Komatsu, are described from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo (Sarawak). These new species are associated with myrmecophilous Macaranga spp. (Euphorbiaceae), which are well-known as myrmecophytes. All the new species have a uniquely protruded scutellum; the phylogenetic significance of this modification is discussed.

In this study, we systematically investigate 3D momentum($\hbar k$)-resolved electronic structures of Ruddlesden-Popper-type iridium oxides Sr$_{n+1}$Ir$_n$O$_{3n+1}$ using soft-x-ray (SX) angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Our results provide direct evidence of an insulator-to-metal transition that occurs upon increasing the dimensionality of the IrO$_2$-plane structure. This transition occurs when the spin-orbit-coupled $j_{\rm eff}$=1/2 band changes its behavior in the dispersion relation and moves across the Fermi energy. In addition, an emerging band along the $\Gamma$(0,0,0)-R($\pi$,$\pi$,$\pi$) direction is found to play a crucial role in the metallic characteristics of SrIrO$_3$. By scanning the photon energy over 350 eV, we reveal the 3D Fermi surface in SrIrO$_3$ and $k_z$-dependent oscillations of photoelectron intensity in Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$. In contrast to previously reported results obtained using low-energy photons, folded bands derived from lattice distortions and/or magnetic ordering make significantly weak (but finite) contributions to the $k$-resolved photoemission spectrum. At the first glance, this leads to the ambiguous result that the observed $k$-space topology is consistent with the unfolded Brillouin zone (BZ) picture derived from a non-realistic simple square or cubic Ir lattice. Through careful analysis, we determine that a superposition of the folded and unfolded band structures has been observed in the ARPES spectra obtained using photons in both ultraviolet and SX regions. To corroborate the physics deduced using low-energy ARPES studies, we propose to utilize SX-ARPES as a powerful complementary technique, as this method surveys more than one whole BZ and provides a panoramic view of electronic structures., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables

Designs of write-head geometry and multilayer recording-media composition (10-30 design variables) were optimized using a multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) so as to maximize/minimize read/write (R/W) performance measures such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), magnetic write width (MWW), and thermal stability of media. A head-media co-design system using a general-purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU)-accelerated Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) simulator and conventional finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic analysis enables thousands of R/W simulations required for GA to be performed within a practical amount of time. GA optimization of the write head showed recording density limitations and the impact of vertically scaling media/head-disk interface (HDI) dimensions on it. GA optimization of recording media showed a tradeoff relationship (trilemma) among MWW, SNR, and the thermal stability of media. The effectiveness of increasing complexity in media design such as the number of layers and the variable range of material properties on overcoming the trilemma were clarified. Design variables for optimization results scatter over relatively wide ranges, suggesting a wide variety of head-media designs. Finally, results of head-media co-designing suggested the importance of matching between write head and recording media.

Abstract Soil salinity, measured as electroconductivity (dS m–1), is a major problem in crop production, including areas where entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are applied as biological control agents. EPN species, primarily Heterorhabditis, have been isolated from coastal areas and agricultural soils with high salinity (> 4.0 dS m–1). Given the aqueous nature of their environment, soil salinity may play an important role in EPN movement and host finding. We assessed the survival of Steinernema riobrave, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis indica, H. sonorensis and H. bacteriophora exposed to saline soils within the range found in agricultural soils. Survival and infectivity were generally unaffected by salinities ranging from 0 to 50 dS m–1 (50 dS m–1 is similar to the salinity of seawater). Salinity had been shown to negatively impact foraging in S. riobrave so additional experiments analysing the behaviour and attraction to host cues by S. riobrave and H. indica were conducted. Agar-based behavioural assays revealed species-specific responses to salinity. At the higher salinity levels (30 and 50 dS m–1) movement of H. indica decreased, the path taken was more circuitous and individuals did not move toward a host. There was a strong antagonistic effect on H. indica motility and host-finding behaviour. No significant differences were observed for S. riobrave exposed to any of these salinity levels. However, under simulated field conditions, high saline conditions (30 and 50 dS m–1) reduced the distance both H. indica and S. riobrave travelled toward a host. Both species are used for biological control of weevil pests in orchards where salinities have been recorded up to 20 dS m–1. Field efficacy of EPN applied for biological control in saline soils may be improved by timing applications to avoid late season build-up of salts in irrigated crops and applying the appropriate EPN species.

The output fluctuations of magnetoresistive (MR) heads with abutted permanent magnets were analyzed by micro-magnetic simulation. The longitudinal bias field was calculated from the magnetization configuration of the permanent magnet (PM) film. The output fluctuation of the MR head was simulated by using the longitudinal bias field, which was calculated with various interface structures between the MR and PM films. When the PM film covered the track edge of the MR capping layer, the longitudinal bias field near the track edge was locally reduced. The local reduction of the bias field was caused by an extra field generated by a charge appearing at the edge of the region where the PM film overlaps the capping layer. It is proved that an MR head with a PM film covering the edge of the capping layer shows output fluctuation, whereas the output is stable when the PM film does not cover the capping layer.

Here we report a rare case of cerebellar ganglioglioma accompanied by a large cyst, and present a review of the reported 28 cases with cerebellar ganglioglioma. An otherwise healthy 46-year-old woman complained of gradual headache and truncal ataxia. MRI revealed a huge cystic lesion with a mural nodule in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The tumor was resected totally. Histologically, it was composed of neuronal and glial elements, and was accordingly diagnosed as ganglioglioma.

We developed high-speed differential-susceptibility measuring equipment to examine thermal fluctuations in magnetic materials. In this study, we measured the dependence of the differential-susceptibility of a magnetic tape on a magnetic field by using the equipment. When the sweep speed of the magnetic field changed from high to low in the order of ms, the magnetic field that gave the maximum differential susceptibility shifted from a high to a low magnetic field due to thermal fluctuations. However, when the sweep speed of the magnetic field changed from high to low in the order of μs, the shift in magnetic field was not clearly detected. The time when the magnetization in the easy direction changed from the residual to the zero state obtained from a linear field, and the time obtained from the constant field, which is the same as the coercivity of the linear field, were calculated using micromagnetic simulations. From the ratio of the two times and from an experimental time when the applied field reached coercivity, a time that could be applied to Sharrock's equation was obtained. In order to fit the experimental results to Sharrock's equation, Ku must be much smaller than the experimental value and H0 must be much smaller than Hk (H0/Hk=0.38). Here, Ku, Hk, and H0 are anisotropy constat, anisotropy field, and coercivity at 0K.

This paper investigates the non steady-state displacement of magnetic domain walls in a nanostrip submitted to a time-dependent spin-polarized current flowing along the nanostrip. First, numerical micromagnetic simulations show that a domain wall can move under application of a current pulse, and that the displacement resulting from a conversion of the domain wall structure is quantized. The numerical findings are subsequently explained in the framework of simplified analytic models, namely the 1D model and the point-core vortex model. We then introduce the concept of an angle linked to the magnetization of a general domain wall, and show that it allows understanding the transient phenomena quite generally. Simple analytic formulas are derived and compared to experiments. For this, charts are given for the key parameters of the domain wall mechanics, as obtained from numerical micromagnetic simulations. We finally discuss the limitations of this work, by looking at the influence of temperature elevation under current, presence of a non-adiabatic term, and of disorder.

By means of an ion assisted deposition method, a TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared at relatively lower temperature on porous Teflon sheets (PTS) that are good candidates for the coating materials with super-hydrophobic surfaces. UV light irradiation of TiO2 photocatalyst on PTS led to the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants (self-cleaning), which wear off the water-repellent property of the original PTS surface. The PTS surface loading of a small amount of TiO2 photocatalyst can keep the super-hydrophobic properties of PTS for a long time because of the photocatalytic degradation of the accumulated pollutants.

World Health Organization (WHO) technical specifications for priority medical devices have been developed by WHO and WHO technical advisory group, trade associations and United Nations agencies. WHO technical specifications for 74 medical devices are a part of WHO challenges to improve access quality and use of safe and appropriate medical devices through better procurement. This paper describes the background and overview of WHO technical specifications project.

as a distinct genus, was recently demoted to subgeneric rank within Deraeocoris Kirschbaum, 1855 by Kerzhner & Schuh (1995). However, their treatment remains questionable because polyphyly of the genus Deraeocoris was frequently suggested (e. g. Schuh 1995) and its subgeneric classification is therefore problematic. In the present paper, three East Asian species of Cimicicapsus are reported, and the taxonomic status of the genus is discussed. All measurements are given in millimeters. Material examined, including types, is deposited in the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan, except for several specimens, where the name of depository follows the specimen’s data.

A computer simulation of wall motion in domain wall displacement detection (DWDD) was performed using a micromagnetic model. The mechanism of the wall motion in the displacement layer and the effect of the track width and the defect of the track edge on the wall motion were investigated.