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High-spatial-resolution HI observations have led to the realisation that the nearby (within few hundreds of parsecs) Galactic atomic filamentary structures are aligned with the ambient magnetic field. Enabled by the high quality data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope for the Galactic ASKAP HI (GASKAP-HI) survey, we investigate the potential magnetic alignment of the $\gtrsim 10\,{\rm pc}$-scale HI filaments in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the Rolling Hough Transform (RHT) technique that automatically identifies filamentary structures, combined with our newly devised ray-tracing algorithm that compares the HI and starlight polarisation data, we find that the HI filaments in the northeastern end of the SMC main body ("Bar" region) and the transition area between the main body and the tidal feature ("Wing" region) appear preferentially aligned with the magnetic field traced by starlight polarisation. Meanwhile, the remaining SMC volume lacks starlight polarisation data of sufficient quality to draw any conclusions. This suggests for the first time that filamentary HI structures can be magnetically aligned across a large spatial volume ($\gtrsim\,{\rm kpc}$) outside of the Milky Way. In addition, we generate maps of the preferred orientation of HI filaments throughout the entire SMC, revealing the highly complex gaseous structures of the galaxy likely shaped by a combination of the intrinsic internal gas dynamics, tidal interactions, and star formation feedback processes. These maps can further be compared with future measurements of the magnetic structures in other regions of the SMC., Comment: 24 pages, MNRAS accepted

Magnetic fields in the ionized medium of the disk and halo of the Milky Way impose Faraday rotation on linearly polarized radio emission. We compare two surveys mapping the Galactic Faraday rotation, one showing the rotation measures of extragalactic sources seen through the Galaxy (from Hutschenreuter et al 2022), and one showing the Faraday depth of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission from the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey. Comparing the two data sets in 5deg x 10deg bins shows good agreement at intermediate latitudes, 10 < |b| < 50 deg, and little correlation between them at lower and higher latitudes. Where they agree, both tracers show clear patterns as a function of Galactic longitude: in the Northern Hemisphere a strong sin(2 x longitude) pattern, and in the Southern hemisphere a sin(longitude + pi) pattern. Pulsars with height above or below the plane |z| > 300 pc show similar longitude dependence in their rotation measures. Nearby non-thermal structures show rotation measure shadows as does the Orion-Eridanus superbubble. We describe families of dynamo models that could explain the observed patterns in the two hemispheres. We suggest that a field reversal, known to cross the plane a few hundred pc inside the solar circle, could shift to positive z with increasing Galactic radius to explain the sin(2xlongitude) pattern in the Northern Hemisphere. Correlation shows that rotation measures from extragalactic sources are one to two times the corresponding rotation measure of the diffuse emission, implying Faraday complexity along some lines of sight, especially in the Southern hemisphere., 37 pages, 26 figures, Ap. J. accepted

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.--Full list of authors: Pingel, N. M.; Dempsey, J.; McClure-Griffiths, N. M.; Dickey, J. M.; Jameson, K. E.; Arce, H.; Anglada, G.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Breen, S. L.; Buckland-Willis, F.; Clark, S. E.; Dawson, J. R.; Denes, H.; Di Teodoro, E. M.; For, B-Q; Foster, Tyler J.; Gomez, J. F.; Imai, H.; Joncas, G.; Kim, C-G; Lee, M-Y; Lynn, C.; Leahy, D.; Ma, Y. K.; Marchal, A.; McConnell, D.; Miville-Deschenes, M-A; Moss, V. A.; Murray, C. E.; Nidever, D.; Peek, J.; Staveley-Smith, L.; Tepper-Garcia, T.; Tremblay, C. D.; Uscanga, L.; van Loon, J. Th; Vazquez-Semadeni, E.; Allison, J. R.; Anderson, C. S.; Ball, Lewis; Bell, M.; Bock, D. C-J; Bunton, J.; Cooray, F. R.; Cornwell, T.; Koribalski, B. S.; Gupta, N.; Hayman, D. B.; Harvey-Smith, L.; Lee-Waddell, K.; Ng, A.; Phillips, C. J.; Voronkov, M.; Westmeier, T.; Whiting, M. T.; Stanimirovic, S., We present the most sensitive and detailed view of the neutral hydrogen ( HI ) emission associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), through the combination of data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and Parkes (Murriyang), as part of the Galactic Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (GASKAP) pilot survey. These GASKAP-HI pilot observations, for the first time, reveal HI in the SMC on similar physical scales as other important tracers of the interstellar medium, such as molecular gas and dust. The resultant image cube possesses an rms noise level of 1.1 K ( 1.6mJy beam−1 ) per 0.98km s−1 spectral channel with an angular resolution of 30′′ ( ∼10pc ). We discuss the calibration scheme and the custom imaging pipeline that utilises a joint deconvolution approach, efficiently distributed across a computing cluster, to accurately recover the emission extending across the entire ∼25deg2 field-of-view. We provide an overview of the data products and characterise several aspects including the noise properties as a function of angular resolution and the represented spatial scales by deriving the global transfer function over the full spectral range. A preliminary spatial power spectrum analysis on individual spectral channels reveals that the power law nature of the density distribution extends down to scales of 10 pc. We highlight the scientific potential of these data by comparing the properties of an outflowing high-velocity cloud with previous ASKAP+Parkes HI test observations. c The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia., The Australian SKA Pathfinder is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is managed by CSIRO. Operation of ASKAP is funded by the Australian Government with support from the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. ASKAP uses the resources of the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre. Establishment of ASKAP, the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory and the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre are initiatives of the Australian Government, with support from the Government of Western Australia and the Science and Industry Endowment Fund. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamatji people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site. Pipeline development was tested on the OzSTAR supercomputer under the project code, oz145, which is available through Swinburne University’s Centre of Astrophysics and Supercomputing. This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through grant DP190101571. N.M.-G. acknowledges the support of the ARC through Future Fellowship FT150100024. G. A. and J. F. G. acknowledge support from the State Agency for Research (10.13039/501100011033) of the Spanish MCIU, through grants AYA2017-84390-C2-1-R and PID2020-114461GB-I00 (co-funded by FEDER) and the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ award for the Instituto de Astrofsica de Andaluca (SEV-2017-0709). C. E. M. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1801471.

Observing the magnetic fields of low-mass interacting galaxies tells us how they have evolved over cosmic time and their importance in galaxy evolution. We have measured the Faraday rotation of 80 extra-galactic radio sources behind the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the CSIRO Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) with a frequency range of 1.4 -- 3.0 GHz. Both the sensitivity of our observations and the source density are an order of magnitude improvement on previous Faraday rotation measurements of this galaxy. The SMC generally produces negative rotation measures (RMs) after accounting for the Milky Way foreground contribution, indicating that it has a mean coherent line-of-sight magnetic field strength of $-0.3\pm0.1��$G, consistent with previous findings. We detect signatures of magnetic fields extending from the north and south of the Bar of the SMC. The random component of the SMC magnetic field has a strength of $\sim 5��$G with a characteristic size-scale of magneto-ionic turbulence $< 250$ pc, making the SMC like other low-mass interacting galaxies. The magnetic fields of the SMC and Magellanic Bridge appear similar in direction and strength, hinting at a connection between the two fields as part of the hypothesised `pan-Magellanic' magnetic field., 17 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables

Fractional differential models are playing a vital role in many applications such as diffusion, probability potential theory, and scattering theory. In this study, the variable-order space and time fractional diffusion model is employed for denoising the medical images. The finite difference approach is implemented to find the numerical solution of the proposed model. Convergence and stability of the numerical method are presented. The experimental outcomes of the variable-order model are analyzed with those of the fractional and integer-order diffusion models. It was noticed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value is increased considerably for the proposed model.

As HIV is one of the most stigmatizing health conditions, people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to experience multiple forms and sources of stigmatization, which negatively impact their quality of life. The present study proposed a dual-process model to understand the different manifestations of HIV stigma and examine how they relate to each other and affect psychological distress and life satisfaction in PLHIV.Two hundred and ninety-one PLHIV in Hong Kong participated in the study and completed a self-report questionnaire on HIV stigma, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mechanisms underlying HIV stigma and mental health.Around one-third of the participants experienced HIV-related avoidance and/or discrimination in different domains of life over the past year. Enacted stigma toward PLHIV was highly pronounced in Hong Kong, especially among general healthcare providers. The results revealed the interpersonal and intrapersonal processes underlying HIV stigma and mental health. While enacted stigma had a direct effect on psychological distress and life satisfaction, PLHIV might also internalize the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV identity, which were related to greater psychological distress and poorer life satisfaction.Stigma reduction programs that target non-HIV healthcare workers are recommended to confront their misconceptions and biases toward PLHIV. Given the high prevalence of self-stigma, psychological interventions that focus on restructuring negative beliefs about PLHIV and reconstructing a self-empowering and positive identity are necessary to promote better mental health and quality of life.

The long non-coding RNA, FAM83H antisense RNA 1 (head to head) (FAM83H-AS1), has been reported to function as an oncogene in some types of cancer. However, the role of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains unknown. The present work aims to explore the effect of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 on cell proliferation and cell invasion in HCC.66 pairs of HCC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the expression level of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect cell proliferation ability, and transwell assays were applied to observe the effect of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 on cell migration and invasion. QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis was used to determine the mRNA and protein expression.In the present study, our results confirmed that lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 expression was overexpressed in HCC tissues relative to the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, higher lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 expression significantly associated with tumor size and vascular invasion in patients with HCC. The Kaplan-Meier methods and log rank test demonstrated that increased lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 expression associated with shorter patient overall survival compared to lower lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 expression in patients with HCC. Moreover, function assays by CCK-8 cell proliferation and transwell cell migration and invasion assays showed that the knockdown of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in HCC. Moreover, we found that the downregulating expression of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin pathway by reducing β-catenin and WNT1 expression in HCC cells.Together, our results indicated that it plays an important role in HCC progression and may be a potential target for HCC treatment.

For the first time native IP data are carried end-to-end by 100 GE router interfaces and a 100 G optical transport system over 1520-km field deployed fiber. This is accomplished with multi-suppliers' 112-Gb/s single carrier real time coherent DP-QPSK DWDM transponder, 100 GE router cards, and 100 G CFP interfaces.

In this study we examined the relationship between teacher and student intrinsic motivation in project-based learning. The participants were 126 Hong Kong secondary school teachers and their 631 students who completed evaluation questionnaires after a semester-long project-based learning program. Both teachers and students were asked to indicate their motivation in the program, and students were also asked to report the instructional support they received from their teachers. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed that teacher intrinsic motivation predicted student intrinsic motivation directly as well as indirectly through the mediation of instructional support. When teachers reported higher intrinsic motivation in the program, their students tended to perceive receiving more support from them and to report higher intrinsic motivation in the learning experience.

To further explore the mechanism of etanercept (ENT, rhTNFR:Fc) and methotrexate (MTX) in the combined treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether thymic and splenic T-cell subsets and their related cytokines imbalance could be restored by ETN/MTX treatment.The effect of ETN/MTX on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated by arthritis scores, joint and spleen histopathology, as well as indices of thymus and spleen. T lymphocytes proliferation was determined by [(3)H]-TdR incorporation. Levels of TNF-α, LT-α, IL-1β, RANKL, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The subsets of T lymphocytes including CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD62L(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells were quantified using flow cytometry.Combined administration of ETN/MTX significantly inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes, decreased serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, RANKL and macrophage supernatant IL-17, LT-α, increased serum IFN-γ and macrophage supernatant IL-10. Moreover, the combined administration could restore CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and Treg cells of CIA thymus and spleen.Taken together, our findings suggest that ENT/MTX may modify the abnormal T lymphocytes balance from central to peripheral lymphoid organs, which may partially, explained the mechanism of the combined administration.

The first end-to-end 100G transport of native IP packet traffic over 1520-km field deployed fiber is realized with multi-suppliers' 112-Gb/s single-carrier real time coherent DP-QPSK DWDM transponder, 100GE router cards, and 100G CFP interfaces.

Background/Aims We sought to determine the outcomes of long-term use of lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immune globulin according to the titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in preventing recurrent hepatitis B in Chinese patients after liver transplantation. Methods Eighty-five patients with detectable hepatitis B envelope antigen in serum before liver transplantation were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Twenty-eight patients used lamivudine monotherapy as a control group. Fifty-seven patients used lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immune globulin therapy according to the titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Results In the lamivudine monotherapy group, seven patients had recurrent hepatitis B after transplantation, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence rates of 10.70%, 21.90%, and 25.8%, respectively. In the combination therapy group, three patients had recurrent hepatitis B after transplantation, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence rates of 0.00%, 5.50%, and 13.40% ( P = .03). YMDD mutants were detected in 6 of the 10 patients with recurrent hepatitis B. HBV-DNA load before transplantation was significantly associated with recurrent hepatitis B after transplantation in the overall patients ( P = .04). Conclusions Long-term use of lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immune globulin, according to the titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was efficacious and cost effective to prevent recurrent hepatitis B in Chinese patients after liver transplantation.

The pathogenesis, mechanism, manifestation and diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) are reviewed in this article.The relevant articles in recent public magazines were reviewed and summarized.It was indicated that GVHD occurred in the conditioned recipients in animal experiments and clinical transplantations. Humoral and cellular factors were involved in GVHD, which could be diagnosed and classified according to their characteristics.As a kind of interactions between the host and donor, GVHD are severely harmful to the host. It may also occur in xenotransplantation, where GVHD can be utilized in the studies on transplant immunology, oncology etc. Xenogeneic GVHD is receiving more and more attentions.

A novel method for adjusting color CRT common lens electron gun's focus performance has been found. It avoids the conventional design's crosstalk between center and outer guns and greatly simplified the common lens electron gun design's optimization cycle.