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Flying cars, or vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, are revolutionary devices that can address traffic congestion and help build a three-dimensional transportation system in the future. Flight safety could deteriorate in actual flight because ducted fans may suffer from significant thrust fluctuations induced by crosswinds. In this article, we propose a variable-speed control method to reduce thrust fluctuations by applying a speed waveform opposite to the fluctuation waveform. We choose a typical condition of a 5 m/s crosswind for validation. The results of unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‒Stokes (URANS) calculations show that crosswinds lead to fluctuations in all thrusts with the frequency of the blade passing frequency. The total thrust fluctuation amplitude accounts for 6.2% of the total thrust. By applying the variable-speed control where the frequency is identical to the thrust fluctuation frequency, the phase difference is 180 degrees, and the amplitude is approximately the square root of the fluctuation amplitude, the standard deviation of the thrust fluctuation is reduced by 92% without affecting the mean total thrust. Fluctuations in other performance parameters, such as lateral force and pitching moment, are improved as well. This active control method can achieve accurate control without any auxiliary equipment and has good application prospects. It provides a promising idea for solving the problem of performance fluctuations in turbomachinery.

This paper proposes a fixed-time fuzzy adaptive output feedback control scheme for the robotic arm model (RAM) of steel structures. Firstly, the process of transforming RAM into a nonlinear system is elaborated. Secondly, a fuzzy observer is designed to approximate the nonlinear function and estimate the observed state of the system. Subsequently, a fixed-time adaptive controller is constructed, ensuring the system’s stability within a fixed time, with the convergence time unaffected by the initial state. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified through simulation examples.

In response to the inevitable surface defects in the manufacturing process of hot-rolled steel, this paper proposes an improved steel surface defect detection model based on YOLOv7. In the Extended Efficient Large Aggregation Network (E-ELAN), the model replaces conventional convolution with Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv) to enhance the network’s sensitivity to feature extraction using a combination of various attention mechanisms. Additionally, the detection head in the head section is replaced with an Efficient Decoupled Detection Head, enhancing the model’s capability to classify and locate small defects. The proposed model is tested on the public dataset NEU-DET, achieving a high mAP of 76,5 %. This effectively enhances the model’s ability to detect surface defects in steel while maintaining a fast detection speed.

Hot-rolled strip steel is a material widely used in production activities and daily life. However, the appearance of surface defects during its production process is inevitable. To address this issue, we introduce a new detection method using Gold-Yolo to detect surface defects on hot-rolled strip steel. Our method effectively balances accuracy and real-time performance while detecting four common types of surface defects, achieving an average accuracy rate of 82,2 % for detecting individual types of surface defects. Experimental data prove that our method excels in classifying and locating surface defects on hot-rolled steel strip, demonstrating broad application prospects and promotional value.

This paper, the adaptive fuzzy control problem for finite-time command filtering is studied at the twin roll inclined casting system. An explosion of complexity caused by a differential surge can be avoided by constructing adaptive fuzzy controller combined with command filtering and backstepping schemes. The designed adaptive fuzzy controller ensures simultaneously the stability and tracking performance of the closed-loop system in a limited time, and the tracking error converges in a small neighborhood of the origin. Eventually, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Hot-rolled steel strips are a commonly used product in both production and daily life. However, the manufacturing process inevitably leads to the occurrence of surface defects. To solve this problem, Our method uses YOLOV8 and squeeze-and-excitation (SE) attention mechanism to detect surface defects in hot-rolled steel strips. Our method balances accuracy and real-time performance, while detecting four common surface defects. The method has an average accuracy of 90,9 % and a maximum accuracy of 98,5 % for detecting a single category of surface defects. Experimental results confirm good performance of our proposed method in classifying and localizing surface defects in hot-rolled steel strips, and has the potential for broad application and promotion.

High definition (HD) maps play a very important role in the realization of autonomous driving technology. It assists self-driving vehicles to efficiently and safely complete a series of driving decisions and route planning by virtue of having most of the accurate and reliable prior information in the road environment. With the continuous change of technology, there are higher requirements for the accuracy, richness and freshness of the information stored in the HD map, so as to assist the practical application of automatic driving technology. However, current research related to HD maps mainly focuses on static information in the road environment. Since there is a large amount of complex, variable and uncertain dynamic information in the road environment, it can be used as prior knowledge for self-driving to make better decisions. Therefore, the research focus of this paper is on the dynamic information. We propose to use HD map as an information system - high definition map information system (HDMIS) - to assist autonomous driving vehicles. We design the specific content of dynamic information in the HDMIS, and develop an information interaction approach based on the vehicle end of the self-driving car and the HDMIS cloud as the interactive subject of dynamic information. In the experiment, we design and build three types of specific traffic scenarios on the simulation platform, and verify the effectiveness of the interaction approach by using the database to perform information interaction between different ports. The results show that our interaction approach can meet the storage and release of dynamic information by HDMIS to a certain extent, and can provide a large amount of dynamic information for autonomous vehicles to help them complete subsequent driving decisions and planning.

We present a new 3D unstructured-grid global ocean model to study both tidal and nontidal processes, with a focus on the total water elevation. Unlike existing global ocean models, the new model resolves estuaries and rivers down to ∼8 m without the need for grid nesting. The model is validated with both satellite and in situ observations for elevation, temperature, and salinity. Tidal elevation solutions have a mean complex root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 4.2 cm for M2 and 5.4 cm for all five major constituents in the deep ocean. The RMSEs for the other four constituents, S2, N2, K1, and O1, are, respectively, 2.05, 0.93, 2.08, and 1.34 cm). The nontidal residual assessed by a tide gauge dataset (GESLA) has a mean RMSE of 7 cm. For the first time ever, we demonstrate the potential for seamless simulation on a single mesh from the global ocean into several estuaries along the US West Coast. The model is able to accurately capture the total elevation, even at some upstream stations. The model can therefore potentially serve as the backbone of a global tide surge and compound flooding forecasting framework.

The essay studies the adaptive neural network fault tolerant control problem based on command filtering, which is aimed at twin-roll inclined casting system (TRICS). A command filter adaptive neural fault-tolerant control scheme for compensating actuator faults is come forward, and meanwhile, the compensating signal is designed to the error of the compensation filter due to the effect of virtual control. Furthermore,the application of Lyapunov stability theory have proved that all the signals in the closed loop system possessed the property of being bounded and stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the control scheme can be verified by means of simulation example.

In this paper, the problem of adaptive fault estimation and fault-tolerant control is studied for molten steel level for twin roll strip casting systems with the inclined angle and actuator fault. Firstly, an intermediate estimator and an adaptive state observer are designed to estimate actuator fault and unknown states respectively. Then, based on back-stepping method, a neural fault-tolerant controller and adaptive laws are constructed, which can ensure that the output signal of the systems can track the reference signal under inclined angle and actuator fault. Finally, the effectiveness of the studied control strategy is verified by semi-experimental systems dynamic model.

Hot-rolled steel strip is widely used in production life and surface defects inevitably occur during its production process. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for classifying and locating surface defects in hot-rolled strip steel based on the YOLOV7 target detection model, which takes into account both accuracy and real-time performance. The method is capable of distinguishing seven common surface defects with an average accuracy of 84,3 % and a maximum accuracy of 99,6 % in a single category of defects.

The rational allocation of water resources plays an important role in alleviating disparities between supply and demand in areas with water shortages. With the continuous development of modern information technology, the pace of digitization is accelerating. Digital water networks provide a means of technical support, and their application is becoming more extensive. Based on the traditional study of water resource allocation combined with the development of modern information technology, this paper proposes a new operational application model of multi-objective water resource allocation based on a digital water network and applies this model to allocate water resources in the Heihe River basin in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. First, a topological digital water network is constructed based on the connectivity criterion of water systems, and a cooperative configuration model with social, economic and ecological objectives is established. Second, the model and its solution method are componentized, and the water resource allocation business system is constructed based on the comprehensive integration platform to integrate the digital water network and the water resource multi-objective allocation business. Finally, to verify the scientificity and feasibility of the new model, the new model was applied to allocate water resources in the Heihe River basin of Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province. HIGHLIGHTS A topological digital water network was constructed based on the connectivity criterion of water systems.; A cooperative configuration model with social, economic and ecological objectives was established.; The water resources allocation business system is built based on the comprehensive integration platform to realize the integration of digital water network and water resources multi-objective allocation business.;

For the twin-roll inclined strip casting, simulate the fluid-thermal coupling in molten pool by mathematical model, and analyze the effect of tilt angle on flow field and temperature field in molten pool. The increase of inclination angle would enhance the asymmetry of temperature field and flow field, which provided a basis for adjustment of control strategy.

This paper considers an adaptive neural event-triggered control problem of the molten steel level for twin roll strip casting systems with the inclined angle. Firstly, the model is improved and simplified into an affine nonlinear system by exploiting input compensation technique. Then, an adaptive observer is established based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). Furthermore, an adaptive event-triggered control scheme and corresponding adaptive updated laws are designed. It is proved that the proposed control method can guarantee the system output can follow reference signal and all closed-loop signals are bounded. Finally, the validity of the control scheme is verified through semi-experimental system dynamic model.

Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we have recorded over 1.2 × 10 ^4 single pulses from PSR B0823+26 (J0826+2637) at 1.25 GHz with 500 MHz bandwidth. These high-sensitivity observations detected with FAST are unprecedented. We investigated potentially interesting emission features by analyzing the polarimetric individual pulses during the bright state. The average pulse profile has a weak postcursor component and a wide interpulse along with a narrow main pulse. The pulse energy distribution of the main pulse shows the presence of triple emission modes. When the emission ceases in the main pulse component, low-level emission in the interpulse component is detected, whereas the absence of any emission in the postcursor component is shown. In the postcursor emission region, bright pulses are detected in 422 rotations with the relative pulse energy described by a power-law distribution with index of −2.52 ± 0.09, while the peak flux density ratio appears to follow a logarithmic normal distribution. The intervals between bright pulses can be described with a Poisson process with the occurrence rate estimated to be one bright pulse every 14 s. The fluctuation spectral analysis reveals the existence of a form of periodic amplitude modulation unrelated to subpulse drifting in both the main pulse and interpulse components. Furthermore, the modulation patterns in the main pulse and interpulse are found to be locked in pulse longitude, signifying some information transfer between the two magnetic polar regions.

Abstract Hypoxia is a prominent feature of head and neck cancer. However, the oxygen element characteristics of proteins and how they adapt to hypoxia microenvironments of head and neck cancer are still unknown. Human genome sequences and proteins expressed data of head and neck cancer were retrieved from pathology atlas of Human Protein Atlas project. Then compared the oxygen and carbon element contents between proteomes of head and neck cancer and normal oral mucosa-squamous epithelial cells, genome locations, pathways, and functional dissection associated with head and neck cancer were also studied. A total of 902 differentially expressed proteins were observed where the average oxygen content is higher than that of the lowly expressed proteins in head and neck cancer proteins. Further, the average oxygen content of the up regulated proteins was 2.54% higher than other. None of their coding genes were distributed on the Y chromosome. The up regulated proteins were enriched in endocytosis, apoptosis and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The increased oxygen contents of the highly expressed and the up regulated proteins might be caused by frequent activity of cytoskeleton and adapted to the rapid growth and fast division of the head and neck cancer cells. The oxygen usage bias and key proteins may help us to understand the mechanisms behind head and neck cancer in targeted therapy, which lays a foundation for the application of stoichioproteomics in targeted therapy and provides promise for potential treatments for head and neck cancer.

For the twin roll inclined strip casting process, the tilt angle function is introduced to describe the casting process, and the mathematical model of the calculation of the rolling force coupled with the tilt angle function is proposed, and the relationship between the influence of the tilt angle on the rolling force is derived, thus enriching the casting and rolling theory.

Materials with full spin polarization that exhibit zero net magnetization attract great scientific interest because of their potential applications in spintronics. Here, the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of a C1b-ordered FeMnGa alloy are reported using first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the corresponding band structure exhibits a considerable gap in one of the spin channels and a zero gap in the other thus allowing for high mobility of fully spin-polarized carriers. The localized magnetic moments of Fe and Mn atoms have an antiparallel arrangement leading to fully compensated ferrimagnetism, which possesses broken magnetic inversion symmetry. Such magnetic systems do not produce dipole fields and are extremely stable against external magnetic fields. Therefore, this will improve the performance of spintronic devices. Using this principle, similar band dispersion and compensated magnetic moments were predicted in a C1b-ordered FeMnAl0.5In0.5 Heusler alloy.

A 3-D unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model for the northern Gulf of Mexico was developed, with a hybrid s–z vertical grid and high-resolution horizontal grid for the main estuarine systems along the Texas–Louisiana coast. This model, based on the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM), is driven by the observed river discharge, reanalysis atmospheric forcing, and open boundary conditions from global HYCOM output. The model reproduces the temporal and spatial variation of observed water level, salinity, temperature, and current velocity in Galveston Bay and on the shelf. The validated model was applied to examine the remote influence of neighboring large rivers, specifically the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River (MAR) system, on salinity, stratification, vertical mixing, and longshore transport along the Texas coast. Numerical experiments reveal that the MAR discharge could significantly decrease the salinity and change the stratification and vertical mixing on the inner Texas shelf. It would take about 25 and 50 d for the MAR discharge to reach the mouth of Galveston Bay and Port Aransas, respectively. The influence of the MAR discharge is sensitive to the wind field. Winter wind constrains the MAR freshwater to form a narrow lower-salinity band against the shore from the Mississippi Delta all the way to the southwestern Texas coast, while summer wind reduces the downcoast longshore transport significantly, weakening the influence of the MAR discharge on surface salinity along Texas coast. However, summer wind causes a much stronger stratification on the Texas shelf, leading to a weaker vertical mixing. The decrease in salinity of up to 10 psu at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the MAR discharge results in a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a decrease in the salt flux, and a weakened estuarine circulation and estuarine–ocean exchange. We highlight the flexibility of the model and its capability to simulate not only estuarine dynamics and shelf-wide transport, but also the interactions between them.

This study investigated the structural and magnetic properties of Mn3−xFexGa alloys (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) under different heat-treatment conditions. A tetragonal structure was observed in samples that were heat treated at 623 K for three days followed by quenching in ice water. These tetragonal alloys present large coercive fields in the range 0.8–5 kOe and low saturation magnetization, and have great potential for application in spin-transfer torque-based devices. A hexagonal structure was observed in samples subjected to heat treatment at 883 K for three days following quenching in ice water. A moderate decrease in the coercive field has been observed for the hexagonal alloys compared with those with a tetragonal structure. However, the Mn3−xFexGa alloys with a hexagonal structure exhibit other attractive magnetic properties, including collinear and non-collinear magnetic properties, holding high promise for technological applications. A face-centred-cubic (f.c.c.) structure was observed when subjected to annealing at 1073 K for three days followed by quenching in ice water. In contrast to the tetragonal and hexagonal structures, all f.c.c. alloys exhibit antiferromagnetic behaviour. This versatile material can display a wide range of multi-functionalities attributed to its tuneable crystal structure. This investigation will guide the design of multiple structures of these materials in order to utilise the wide functionalities for practical applications.

Abstract A novel method, noted as approximate envelope method (AEM), was developed to estimate the secondary PM2.5 concentrations based on the air quality monitoring data. This approach made it possible to obtain the long‐term characteristics of the secondary PM2.5 using only conventional observations. The secondary PM2.5 concentrations and their variation characteristics under different PM2.5 pollution levels during wintertime of 2015 to 2018 in Chengdu, a major urban area of Sichuan Basin over Southwest China, were analyzed. The results showed that the secondary PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 52.3 to 122.8 μg·m−3 and accounted for 56.3%, 63.6%, and 67.4% of the total PM2.5 in slight, moderate, and heavy pollution status, respectively. Additionally, the concentrations of secondary PM2.5 increased year by year, while the concentrations of primary PM2.5 performed significant decreasing trends from 2015 to 2018. The diurnal variations of primary and secondary PM2.5 presented a significantly unimodal patterns but with maximum at morning and noon, respectively. Specific meteorological conditions such as high (low) relative humidity and temperature (wind speed and air pressure) aggravated the secondary particulate pollution in wintertime of Chengdu, reflecting an influence of regional climate change over the Sichuan Basin of Southwest China on the urban air pollution.

Aiming at the requirements of vehicle safety collision avoidance system, a safety collision avoidance algorithm based on environmental characteristics and driver characteristics is proposed. By analyzing the relationship between collision avoidance time and the environment, a safety time model is established. In the established safety time model, parameters based on driver characteristics are added, which increases the flexibility of the algorithm. The algorithm can adapt to more different driving conditions and give appropriate warning thresholds. After simulation and comparison with other algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper can satisfied the requirements of reducing vehicle collision risk. The effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm are verified, and the safety of vehicle driving can be improved.

Rapid and non-destructive assessment of water status is essential to enhance crop performance. This study aimed to evaluate photosynthetic performance and to monitor water status in cotton under field conditions. A two-year experiment was conducted with three irrigation regimes to measure the following parameters: photochemical reflectance index (PRI), structural independent pigment index (SIPI), water index (WI), solar-induced fluorescence (SIF; retrieved from reflectance by using Fraunhofer line-depth method), gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF). The results showed that PRI decreased > 30 % in moderate drought (MD) and >50 % in severe drought (SD), compared with control. PRI was found to be positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), actual quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII), but a negatively correlated with nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Solar-induced fluorescence around 761 nm (SIF761) had significant correlations with PN, ΦPSII, and NPQ, but not with maximal quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The relationship between PRI and PN was stronger at the beginning of water stress (R2 = 0.86) than for the all stress stages (R2 = 0.54), indicating that PRI could be more effective for assessing PN of cotton at early water stress. PRI was better correlated with relative water content and photosynthetic parameters than SIPI and WI and so it could also be a good indicator to evaluate cotton water status.

Abstract We report experimental observation of large anomalous Hall effect exhibited in non-collinear triangular antiferromagnet D019-type Mn3Ga with coplanar spin structure at temperatures higher than 100 K. The value of anomalous Hall resistivity increases with increasing temperature, which reaches 1.25 μΩ · cm at a low field of ~300 Oe at room temperature. The corresponding room-temperature anomalous Hall conductivity is about 17 (Ω · cm)−1. Most interestingly, as temperature falls below 100 K, a temperature-independent topological-like Hall effect was observed. The maximum peak value of topological Hall resistivity is about 0.255 μΩ · cm. The appearance of the topological Hall effect is attributed to the change of spin texture as a result of weak structural distortion from hexagonal to orthorhombic symmetry in Mn3Ga. Present study suggests that Mn3Ga shows promising possibility to be antiferromagnetic spintronics or topological Hall effect-based data storage devices.

This paper studies the adaptive fuzzy control problem of the molten steel level for a class of twin roll strip casting systems. Based on fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) and the mean value theorem, a novel adaptive tracking controller with parameter updated laws is effectively designed. It is proved that all the closed-loop signals are uniformly bounded and the system tracking errors can asymptotically converge to zero by using the Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results of semi-experimental system dynamic model and parameters are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed adaptive fuzzy design approach.

Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization (i.e., Q10) determines how strong the feedback from global warming may be on the atmospheric CO2 concentration; thus, understanding the factors influencing the interannual variation in Q10 is important for accurately estimating local soil carbon cycle. In situ SOC mineralization rate was measured using an automated CO2 flux system (Li-8100) in long-term bare fallow soil in the Loess Plateau (35°12' N, 107°40' E) in Changwu, Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2013. The results showed that the annual cumulative SOC mineralization ranged from 226 to 298 g C m−2 yr−1, with a mean of 253 g C m−2 yr−1 and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 13%, annual Q10 ranged from 1.48 to 1.94, with a mean of 1.70 and a CV of 10%, and annual soil moisture content ranged from 38.6 to 50.7% soil water-filled pore space (WFPS), with a mean of 43.8% WFPS and a CV of 11%, which were mainly affected by the frequency and distribution of precipitation. Annual Q10 showed a quadratic correlation with annual mean soil moisture content. In conclusion, understanding of the relationships between interannual variation in Q10, soil moisture, and precipitation are important to accurately estimate the local carbon cycle, especially under the changing climate.

Atmospheric submicron particulate matter (PM1) is one of the most significant pollution components in China. Despite its current popularity in the studies of aerosol chemistry, the characteristics, sources and evolution of atmospheric PM1 species are still poorly understood in China, particularly for the two harvest seasons, namely, the summer wheat harvest and autumn rice harvest. An Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) was deployed for online monitoring of PM1 components during summer and autumn harvest seasons in urban Nanjing, in the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of China. PM1 components were shown to be dominated by organic aerosol (OA, 39 and 41%) and nitrate (23 and 20%) during the harvest seasons (the summer and autumn harvest). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the ACSM OA mass spectra resolved four OA factors: hydrocarbon-like mixed with cooking-related OA (HOA + COA), fresh biomass-burning OA (BBOA), oxidized biomass-burning-influenced OA (OOA-BB), and highly oxidized OA (OOA); in particular the oxidized BBOA contributes ~80% of the total BBOA loadings. Both fresh and oxidized BBOA exhibited apparent diurnal cycles with peak concentration at night, when the high ambient relative humidity and low temperature facilitated the partitioning of semi-volatile organic species into the particle phase. The fresh BBOA concentrations for the harvests are estimated as BBOA = 15.1 × (m/z 60–0.26% × OA), where m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) 60 is a marker for levoglucosan-like species. The (BBOA + OOA-BB)/ΔCO, (ΔCO is the CO minus background CO), decreases as a function of f44 (fraction of m/z 44 in OA signal), which might indicate that BBOA was oxidized to less volatile OOA, e.g., more aged and low volatility OOA (LV-OOA) during the aging process. Analysis of air mass back trajectories indicates that the high BB pollutant concentrations are linked to the air masses from the western (summer harvest) and southern (autumn harvest) areas.

To understand the impact of firework-burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during the winter haze period, 39 elements, 10 water-soluble ions and 8 fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanjing were investigated during the 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF). Serious regional haze pollution persisted throughout the entire sampling period, with PM2.5 averaging at 113 ± 69 μg m−3 and visibility at 4.8 ± 3.2 km. The holiday effect led to almost all the chemical species decreasing during the SF, except for Al, K, Ba and Sr which were related to FW. The source contributions of coal combustion, vehicle emission and road dust decreased dramatically, whereas FW contributed to about half of the PM2.5 during the SF period. The intensive emission of FW particles on New Year's Eve accounted for 60.1% of the PM2.5. Fireworks also obviously modified the chemical compositions of PM2.5, with 39.3% contributed by increased organic matter, followed by steadily increased loadings of secondary inorganic ions. The aging processes of the FW particles lasted for about 4 days reflected by the variations of Ba, Sr, NH4+, NO3−, SO42− and K+, characterized by heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx on crustal materials directly from FW, the replacement of Cl− by NO3− and SO42−, coating of NO3− and SO42− on soot, formation of secondary organic aerosols and metal-catalyzed formation of NO3− and SO42− at higher relative humidity. During aging, the main contributors to the extinction coefficient shifted from elemental carbon and organic matter to ammonium sulfate. The particles raised higher cancer risk of 1.62 × 10−6 by heavy metals (especially for Cd and As). This study provided detailed composition data and first comprehensive analysis of the aging processes of FW particles during the serious haze pollution period and their potential impact on human health.

This paper proposes a POS aided LiDAR strip adjustment method. Firstly, aero-triangulation of the simultaneously obtained aerial images is conducted with a few photogrammetry-specific ground control points. Secondly, LiDAR intensity images are generated from the reflectance signals of laser foot points, and conjugate points are automatically matched between the LiDAR intensity image and the aero-triangulated aerial image. Control points used in LiDAR strip adjustment are derived from these conjugate points. Finally, LiDAR strip adjustment of real data is conducted with the POS aided LiDAR strip adjustment method proposed in this paper, and comparison experiment using three-dimensional similarity transformation method is also performed. The results indicate that the POS aided LiDAR strip adjustment method can significantly correct the planimetric and vertical errors of LiDAR strips. The planimetric correction accuracy is higher than average point distance while the vertical correction accuracy is comparable to that of the result of aero-triangulation. Moreover, the proposed method is obliviously superior to the traditional three-dimensional similarity transformation method.