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1. Degradation of fast-ion confinement depending on the neutral beam power in MHD quiescent LHD plasmas

Author

H. Nuga, R. Seki, K. Ogawa, H. Yamaguchi, S. Kamio, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Kawamoto, M. Yoshinuma, T. Kobayashi, Y. Takemura, M. Isobe, M. Osakabe, and M. Yokoyama

Subjects
fast-ion confinement, Fokker–Planck, neutron emission rate, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We investigated the degradation of neutral beam (NB) fast-ion confinement depending on the NB power without magnetohydrodynamics instabilities in the Large Helical Device (LHD). In the LHD deuterium experiment, the neutron emission rate per NB power decreased by up to 20% with increasing injected NBs during a single discharge. Because there were no significant variations in the electron temperature and density, the NB shine-through rate, or the magnetic fluctuation due to the change in NB power, the reduction in the neutron emission rate indicates the degradation of the fast-ion confinement. In this paper, we formulated this degradation depending on the NB power and quantitatively estimated the degraded effective confinement time. In addition, we performed neutron emission rate simulations using the obtained effective confinement time. The simulation and experimental results were in good agreement, suggesting that the degraded effective confinement time is valid.

Published
2024
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2. Overview of Large Helical Device experiments of basic plasma physics for solving crucial issues in reaching burning plasma conditions

Author

K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, N. Kenmochi, F. Nespoli, R.M. Magee, F. Warmer, A. Dinklage, A. Matsuyama, R. Sakamoto, T. Nasu, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, N. Tamura, K. Nagaoka, M. Nishiura, Y. Takemura, K. Ogawa, G. Motojima, T. Oishi, Y. Morishita, J. Varela, W.H.J. Hayashi, M. Markl, H. Bouvain, Y. Liang, M. Leconte, D. Moseev, V.E. Moiseenko, C.G. Albert, I. Allfrey, A. Alonso, F.J. Arellano, N. Ashikawa, A. Azegami, L. Bardoczi, M. van Berkel, M. Beurskens, M.W. Binderbaue, A. Bortolon, S. Brezinsek, R. Bussiahn, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, I.C. Chan, J. Cheng, X. Dai, D.J. Den Hartog, C.P. Dhard, F. Ding, A. Ejiri, S. Ertmer, T. Fornal, K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, H. Funaba, L. Garcia, J.M. Garcia-Regana, I. Garcia-Cortés, I.E. Garkusha, D.A. Gates, Y. Ghai, E.P. Gilson, H. Gota, M. Goto, E.M. Green, V. Haak, S. Hamaguchi, K. Hanada, H. Hara, D. Hartmann, Y. Hayashi, T. Henning, C. Hidalgo, J. Hillairet, R. Hutton, T. Ido, H. Igami, K. Ikeda, S. Inagaki, A. Ishizawa, S. Ito, M. Isobe, Y. Isobe, M. Ivkovic, Z. Jiang, J. Jo, S. Kamio, H. Kasahara, D. Kato, Y. Katoh, Y. Kawachi, Y. Kawamoto, G. Kawamura, T. Kawate, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Klumper, A. Knieps, W.H. Ko, S. Kobayashi, F. Koike, Yu.V. Kovtun, M. Kubkowska, S. Kubo, S.S.H. Lam, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, S. Lazerson, J. Lestz, B. Li, L. Liao, Z. Lin, R. Lunsford, S. Masuzaki, H. Matsuura, K.J. McCarthy, D. Medina-Roque, O. Mitarai, A. Mollen, C. Moon, Y. Mori, T. Morisaki, S. Morita, K. Mukai, I. Murakami, S. Murakami, T. Murase, C.M. Muscatello, K. Nagasaki, D. Naujoks, H. Nakano, M. Nakata, Y. Narushima, A. Nagy, J.H. Nicolau, T. Nishizawa, S. Nishimoto, H. Nuga, M. Nunami, R. Ochoukov, S. Ohdachi, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, N.A. Pablant, N. Panadero, B. Peterson, J. de la Riva Villén, J. Romazanov, J. Rosato, M. Rud, S. Sakakibara, H.A. Sakaue, H. Sakai, I. Sakon, M. Salewski, S. Sangaroon, S. Sereda, T. Stange, K. Saito, S. Satake, R. Seki, T. Seki, S. Sharapov, A. Shimizu, T. Shimozuma, G. Shivam, M. Shoji, D.A. Spong, H. Sugama, Z. Sun, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Tajima, E. Takada, H. Takahashi, K. Toi, Y. Tsuchibushi, N. Tsujii, K. Tsumori, T.I. Tsujimurai, G. Ueno, H. Uehara, J.L. Velasco, E. Wang, K.Y. Watanabe, T. Wauter, U. Wenzel, M. Yajima, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, K. Yanagihara, H. Yamaguchi, R. Yanai, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimura, M. Zarnstorff, M. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong, Q. Zhou, S. Ziaei, LHD Experiment Group, and the W7-X Team

Subjects
Large Helical Device, basic plasma physics, burning plasma, wave–particle interaction, ion mixing, turbulence spreading, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high- k ) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix.

Published
2024
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3. Enhanced plasma performance in C-2W advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration experiments

Author

H. Gota, A. Smirnov, M.W. Binderbauer, T. Tajima, S. Putvinski, J.B. Titus, M. Nations, T. Roche, E. Trask, T. DeHaas, S.A. Dettrick, E.M. Granstedt, D.K. Gupta, S. Gupta, A.A. Ivanov, S. Korepanov, R.M. Magee, T. Matsumoto, J.A. Romero, P. Yushmanov, K. Zhai, L. Schmitz, Z. Lin, S. Krasheninnikov, E.A. Baltz, J.C. Platt, E.V. Belova, T. Asai, A.I. Smolyakov, S. Abdollahi, S. Abramov, A. Alexander, I. Allfrey, R. Andow, D.C. Barnes, B. Barnett, J. Barrett, M. Beall, N.G. Bolte, E. Bomgardner, A. Bondarenko, F. Brighenti, J. Buttery, S. Caton, F. Ceccherini, Y. Choi, R. Clary, A. Cooper, C. Deng, A. de Vera, J. Drobny, A. Dunaevsky, C. Exton, A. Fareed, P. Feng, C. Finucane, D. Fluegge, A. Fontanilla, Y. Fujiwara, L. Galeotti, S. Galkin, R. Groenewald, T. Hsyu, K. Hubbard, R. Jaber, L. Jian, N. Kafle, S. Kamio, S. Karbashewski, J.S. Kinley, A. Korepanov, G. Koumarianou, S. Krause, P. Kudrin, C.K. Lau, H. Leinweber, J. Leuenberger, D. Lieurance, M. Litton, R. Luna, R. Luong, J. MacFarlane, D. Madura, J. Margo, D. Marshall, V. Matvienko, M. Meekins, W. Melian, R. Mendoza, R. Michel, M. Morehouse, Y. Musthafa, S. Nazarenko, A. Necas, B.S. Nicks, N. Nwoke, S. Ohshima, M. Onofri, R. Page, J. Park, E. Parke, S. Patel, L. Pennings, K. Phung, G. Player, L. Rios, I. Sato, J.H. Schroeder, Y. Shimabukuro, M. Showers, A. Sibley, M. Signorelli, M. Slepchenkov, R.J. Smith, G. Snitchler, V. Sokolov, D. Solyakov, Y. Song, B. Sporer, L.C. Steinhauer, C. Stonier, A. Stratta, J. Sweeney, M. Tobin, M. Tuszewski, J. Ufnal, T. Valentine, S. Vargas, A.D. Van Drie, V. Vekselman, A. Veksler, C. Weixel, C. White, M. Wollenberg, J. Wood, Y. Zhou, S. Ziaei, and the TAE Team

Subjects
field-reversed configuration, compact toroid, neutral beam injection, aneutronic fusion, beam-driven FRC, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

TAE Technologies’ fifth-generation fusion device, C-2W (also called ‘Norman’), is the world’s largest compact-toroid device and has made significant progress in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma performance. C-2W produces record breaking, macroscopically stable, high-temperature advanced beam-driven FRC plasmas, dominated by injected fast particles and sustained in steady state, which is primarily limited by neutral-beam (NB) pulse duration. The NB power supply system has recently been upgraded to extend the pulse length from 30 ms to 40 ms, which allows for a longer plasma lifetime and thus better characterization and further enhancement of FRC performance. An active plasma control system is routinely used in C-2W to produce consistent FRC performance as well as for reliable machine operations using magnet coils, edge-biasing electrodes, gas injection and tunable-energy NBs. Google’s machine learning framework for experimental optimization has also been routinely used to enhance plasma performance. Dedicated plasma optimization experimental campaigns, particularly focused on the external magnetic field profile and NB injection (NBI) optimizations, have produced a superior FRC plasma performance; for instance, achieving a total plasma energy of ∼13 kJ, a trapped poloidal magnetic flux of ∼16 mWb (based on the rigid-rotor model) and plasma sustainment in steady state up to ∼40 ms. Furthermore, under some operating conditions, the electron temperature of FRC plasmas at a quiescent phase has successfully reached up to ∼1 keV at the peak inside the FRC separatrix for the first time. The overall FRC performance is well correlated with the NB and edge-biasing systems, where higher total plasma energy is obtained with higher NBI power and applied voltage on biasing electrodes. C-2W operations have now reached a mature level where the machine can produce hot, stable, long-lived, and repeatable plasmas in a well-controlled manner.

Published
2024
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4. Pole position of Λ(1405) measured in d(K−,n)πΣ reactions

Author

S. Aikawa, S. Ajimura, T. Akaishi, H. Asano, G. Beer, C. Berucci, M. Bragadireanu, P. Buehler, L. Busso, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, C. Curceanu, S. Enomoto, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, T. Fukuda, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R.S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, M. Iliescu, K. Inoue, Y. Ishiguro, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishikawa, K. Itahashi, M. Iwai, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanno, K. Kato, Y. Kato, S. Kawasaki, P. Kienle, Y. Komatsu, H. Kou, Y. Ma, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, O. Morra, R. Murayama, T. Nagae, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, Z. Omar, H. Outa, K. Piscicchia, Y. Sada, A. Sakaguchi, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, A. Scordo, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, K. Shirotori, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, K. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, A.O. Tokiyasu, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, O. Vazquez-Doce, E. Widmann, T. Yamaga, T. Yamazaki, H. Yim, Q. Zhang, and J. Zmeskal

Subjects
Hyperon resonance, Meson-baryon bound state, Kaon-nucleon interation, Scattering amplitude, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We measured a set of π±Σ∓, π0Σ0, and π−Σ0 invariant mass spectra below and above the K¯N mass threshold in K−-induced reactions on deuteron. The measured πΣ mass spectral shape is well reproduced via the two-step mechanism, i.e., a neutron knocked out at a forward angle from a deuteron by an incident K−, with the K¯ recoiled backward reacting with the residual nucleon to produce π and Σ. We deduced the S-wave K¯N→πΣ and K¯N→K¯N scattering amplitudes in the isospin 0 channel in the framework of a K¯N and πΣ coupled channel. We find that a resonance pole corresponding to Λ(1405) is located at 1417.7−7.4+6.0 (fitting errors)−1.0+1.1 (systematic errors) + [−26.1−7.9+6.0 (fitting errors)−2.0+1.7 (systematic errors)] i MeV/c2, closer to the K¯N mass threshold than the value determined by the Particle Data Group.

Published
2023
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5. Observation of significant Doppler shift in deuterium-deuterium neutron energy caused by neutral beam injection in the large helical device

Author

S. Sangaroon, K. Ogawa, M. Isobe, M. I. Kobayashi, Y. Fujiwara, S. Kamio, H. Yamaguchi, R. Seki, H. Nuga, E. Takada, S. Murakami, G. Q. Zhong, and M. Osakabe

Subjects
Doppler effect, Compact neutron emission spectrometer, Large helical device, Liquid scintillator, Neutral beam heating, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Abstract The compact neutron emission spectrometer (CNES) having a tangential sightline was installed to observe a significant Doppler shift of the neutron energy due to the high-energy tangential neutral beam (NB) injections in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for understanding of the energy distribution of fast-ion. The CNES is based on a 1-inch diameter and 1-inch height EJ301 liquid scintillator coupled with a conventional 1-inch photomultiplier tube. The histogram of the integrated pulse signal (Q total) during different NBs heating phases measured by the CNES shows that the edge of Q total changes depending on NB directions. Using the simple derivative unfolding technique, the neutron energy spectra were unfolded from the measured Q total histogram. Peaks of the neutron energy shift to 2.0 MeV, 2.42 MeV, and 3.0 MeV according to the injection direction of NBs. The obtained neutron energy is almost consistent with the virgin deuterium-deuterium neutron energy evaluated by the simple two-body kinematics considering the sightline of CNES, NB injection angle, and NB injection energy.

Published
2022
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7. 'K−pp', a K‾-meson nuclear bound state, observed in 3He(K−,Λp)n reactions

Author

S. Ajimura, H. Asano, G. Beer, C. Berucci, H. Bhang, M. Bragadireanu, P. Buehler, L. Busso, M. Cargnelli, S. Choi, C. Curceanu, S. Enomoto, H. Fujioka, Y. Fujiwara, T. Fukuda, C. Guaraldo, T. Hashimoto, R.S. Hayano, T. Hiraiwa, M. Iio, M. Iliescu, K. Inoue, Y. Ishiguro, T. Ishikawa, S. Ishimoto, K. Itahashi, M. Iwasaki, K. Kanno, K. Kato, Y. Kato, S. Kawasaki, P. Kienle, H. Kou, Y. Ma, J. Marton, Y. Matsuda, Y. Mizoi, O. Morra, T. Nagae, H. Noumi, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, K. Piscicchia, Y. Sada, A. Sakaguchi, F. Sakuma, M. Sato, A. Scordo, M. Sekimoto, H. Shi, K. Shirotori, D. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, K. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Tanida, H. Tatsuno, M. Tokuda, D. Tomono, A. Toyoda, K. Tsukada, O. Vazquez Doce, E. Widmann, T. Yamaga, T. Yamazaki, Q. Zhang, and J. Zmeskal

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We observed a distinct peak in the Λp invariant mass spectrum of He3(K−,Λp)n, well below mK+2mp, i.e., the mass threshold of the K− to be bound to two protons. By selecting a relatively large momentum-transfer region q=350∼650 MeV/c, one can kinematically separate the peak from the quasi-free process, K‾N→K‾N followed by the non-resonant absorption by the two spectator-nucleons K‾NN→ΛN. We found that the simplest fit to the observed peak gives us a Breit–Wigner pole position at BKpp=47±3(stat.)−6+3(sys.) MeV having a width ΓKpp=115±7(stat.)−20+10(sys.) MeV, and the S-wave Gaussian reaction form-factor parameter QKpp=381±14(stat.)−0+57(sys.) MeV/c, as a new form of the nuclear bound system with strangeness – “K−pp”. Keywords: Kaon, Strangeness, Mesonic nuclear bound state

Published
2019
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8. Down-grading of ipsilateral hydronephrosis by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with ureteral cancer

Author

M. Miyake, N. Marugami, Y. Fujiwara, K. Komura, T. Inamoto, H. Azuma, H. Matsumoto, H. Matsuyama, N. Nishimura, S. Hori, T. Owari, Y. Itami, Y. Nakai, and K. Fujimoto

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2020
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10. Synthesis of endohedral-fullerenes using laser ablation plasma from solid material and vaporized fullerenes

Author

H. Itagaki, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Minowa, Y. Ikehara, T. Kaneko, T. Okazaki, Y. Iizumi, J. Kim, and H. Sakakita

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We have recently developed a technique to synthesize endohedral fullerenes that involves the collision of vaporized fullerenes and plasma particles produced following the laser ablation of a solid material. Using this technique, we synthesized N@C60 using a boron nitride rod as the source of the plasma particles. Optical emission measurements showed that the kinetic energy of N+ ions could be controlled from 20 to 65 eV by changing the energy of the incident laser beam. The synthesis of N@C60 was performed with a N+ kinetic energy of 65 eV, a C60 vaporizing temperature of 800 °C, and a total reaction time of one hour. By optimizing the kinetic energy for producing the encapsulated particles, we were able to synthesis N@C60 with a purity of 4.52 x 10−3%. The purity of our material was two orders of magnitude higher than that achieved using alternative physical synthetic methods that use solid materials, such as arc discharge and co-evaporation methods.

Published
2019
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11. The biological response of macrophages to PMMA particles with different morphology and size

Author

R. Yoshioka, Y. Nakashima, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Komohara, M. Takeya, and Y. Nakanishi

Subjects
Biological response, Macrophages, PMMA particles, Viability, Proinflammatory cytokine, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

We used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles to investigate the relationship between particle properties and biological responses of macrophages. In a previous study, we reported that biological response of these immune cells was activated by a specific PMMA particle size. In this study, biological responses of macrophages to particle parameters other than and in conjunction with size were evaluated. However, particle size as a biologically active factor of the biological response has not been characterized in detail. Here, macrophage viability and proinflammatory cytokine production were investigated to elucidate the relationship between particle size, added volume, and added surface area, and the biological response of macrophages. Decrease of cell viability was observed when relatively large particles were tested (5.6–19.3 μm). Production of proinflammatory cytokines was elicited by 5.6- and 9.6-μm particles. Cell death occurred when the added volume exceeded 1×105 μm3 per cell. Proinflammatory cytokines were produced upon stimulation with added volume between 1×105 and 4.5×105 μm3 per cell. Cell death was elicited when the added surface area per cell exceeded 1×105 μm2 and proinflammatory cytokines were produced with the added surface area per cell between 1×105 and 3×105 μm2. These results suggested that biologically active factors exert their effect through added volume and added surface area rather than through particle size. This work will contribute to biological responses after total joint replacement since particles generated in the joint as a result of load bearing lead to tissue reaction and joint loosening.

Published
2016
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12. Effect of particle size on biological response by human monocyte-derived macrophages

Author

H. Chikaura, Y. Nakashima, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Komohara, M. Takeya, and Y. Nakanishi

Subjects
Particle size, Biological response, Artificial joint, Macrophage, Cytokines, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles from artificial joints induce osteolysis and the subsequent loosening of implants. Studies have reported that particles in the size range of 0.1–10 μm are the most biologically active in macrophage immune response. To develop prosthetic joints with greater longevity and durability, it is crucial to understand the deleterious effects of wear particles. In this study, to evaluate the effects of particle size on the activities of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs), seven differently sized particles of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), in the range of 0.1–20 μm, were prepared. Viability and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated after phagocytosis of each size particles by HMDMs. Differences in the viability of HMDMs after phagocytosis of particles sized 0.16–9.6 μm were statistically significant. Proinflammatory cytokine production of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 by HMDMs was strongly induced by 0.8 μm PMMA particles. Consistent with the fact that macrophages are known to respond to pathogens measuring approximately 1.0 μm in size, in this study, PMMA particles measuring 0.8 μm in size induced an immune response. This work provides fundamental data for the designing of surface profiles of prosthetic joints, Which may expect the lower incidence of immune response.

Published
2016
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13. Enhanced photo/electroluminescence properties of Eu-doped GaN through optimization of the growth temperature and Eu related defect environment

Author

W. Zhu, B. Mitchell, D. Timmerman, A. Uedono, A. Koizumi, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The influence of growth temperature on the surface morphology and luminescence properties of Eu-doped GaN layers grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy was investigated. By using a Eu source that does not contain oxygen in its molecular structure, and varying the growth temperature, the local defect environment around the Eu3+ ions was manipulated, yielding a higher emission intensity from the Eu3+ ions and a smoother sample surface. The optimal growth temperature was determined to be 960 °C and was used to fabricate a GaN-based red light-emitting diode with a significantly higher output power.

Published
2016
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14. Occupational Fall Risk Assessment Tool for older workers

Author

Y Osuka, Y Okubo, Y Nofuji, K Maruo, Y Fujiwara, H Oka, S Shinkai, S R Lord, and H Sasai

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Background No easy-to-use fall risk assessment tools have been devised to assess occupational fall risk in older workers. Aims To develop an Occupational Fall Risk Assessment Tool (OFRAT) and report its predictive validity and reliability in older workers. Methods The baseline fall risk assessment was completed by 1113 participants aged ≥60 years who worked ≥4 days/month in Saitama, Japan. Participants were followed up for falls during occupational activities for 1 year, and 30 participants were assessed twice for test–retest reliability. The following assessment measures were summed to form the OFRAT risk score: older age, male sex, history of falls, physical work participation, diabetes, use of medications increasing fall risk, reduced vision, poor hearing, executive dysfunction and slow stepping. The scores were then classified into four grades (0–2 points: very low, 3 points: low, 4 points: moderate and ≥5 points: high). Results During follow-up, 112 participants fell 214 times during work. The negative binomial regression model showed that participants with higher grades had a higher incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] for falls than those with very low grades (low: 1.64 [1.08–2.47], moderate: 4.23 [2.82–6.34] and high: 6.12 [3.83–9.76]). The intraclass correlation coefficient for risk score was 0.86 [0.72–0.93], and the weighted kappa coefficient for grade assessment was 0.74 [0.52–0.95]. Conclusions The OFRAT is a valid and reliable tool for estimating the occupational fall risk in older workers. It may assist occupational physicians implement strategies to prevent falls in this group.

Published
2023

15. Comparison of Shingled Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording and Three-Dimensional Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Author

T. Kobayashi, Y. Nakatani, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
bit aspect ratio, 10 years of archiving, writing sensitivity, ATI, 3D HAMR, temperature profile, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Instrumentation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, LC writing
Abstract

In this work we examine grain arrangement and medium structure, temperature profile during writing, adjacent track interference, information stability during 10 years of archiving, information stability in a high Curie temperature (HC) layer during writing in a low Curie temperature (LC) layer, and writing sensitivity on 4 Tbpsi shingled heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) with a bit aspect ratio of 1.5 and 2 Tbpsi/layer (total density of 4 Tbpsi) three-dimensional (3D) HAMR with bit aspect ratios of 1.0 and 2.0. A small bit aspect ratio is preferable in 3D HAMR. The grain aspect ratios for both HAMR and 3D HAMR may be too large when it comes to manufacturing the recording layer. The low Curie temperature of the LC layer may be disadvantageous with respect to the writing property. The readout field is small for both the LC and HC layers in 3D HAMR. The writing sensitivity for HAMR is worse than that for 3D HAMR because the statistical factor is affected by the readout grain number and erasure-after-write is affected by the grain column number. Although both HAMR and 3D HAMR have disadvantages, the poor writing sensitivity in HAMR is a serious problem.

Published
2023

16. Interaction of Eating Status and Dietary Variety on Incident Functional Disability among Older Japanese Adults

Author

T, Hata, S, Seino, Y, Yokoyama, M, Narita, M, Nishi, A, Hida, S, Shinkai, A, Kitamura, and Y, Fujiwara

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, Japan, Food, Humans, Medicine (miscellaneous), Disabled Persons, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aged, Diet, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To examine whether eating status and dietary variety were associated with functional disability during a 5-year follow-up analysis of older adults living in a Japanese metropolitan area.A 5-year follow-up study.Ota City, Tokyo, Japan.A total of 10,308 community-dwelling non-disabled adults aged 65-84 years.Eating status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score (DVS). Based on the responses, participants were classified according to eating alone or together and DVS categories (low: 0-3; high: 4-10). Functional disability incidence was prospectively identified using the long-term care insurance system's nationally unified database. Multilevel survival analyses calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident functional disability.During a 5-year follow-up, 1,991 (19.3%) individuals had functional disabilities. Eating status or DVS were not independently associated with incident functional disability. However, interaction terms between eating status and DVS were associated with functional disability; HR (95% CI) for eating together and low DVS was 1.00 (0.90-1.11), eating alone and high DVS was 0.95 (0.77-1.17), and eating alone and low DVS was 1.20 (1.02-1.42), compared to those with eating together and high DVS.Older adults should avoid eating alone or increase dietary variety to prevent functional disability. This can be ensured by providing an environment of eating together or food provision services for eating a variety of foods in the community.

Published
2022

18. Difference between 'Physical Fitness Age' Based on Physical Function and Chronological Age Is Associated with Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Depressive Symptoms, and Low Serum Albumin

Author

K, Toyoshima, S, Seino, Y, Tamura, J, Ishikawa, Y, Chiba, T, Ishizaki, Y, Fujiwara, S, Shinkai, A, Kitamura, and A, Araki

Subjects
Sarcopenia, Nutrition and Dietetics, Hand Strength, Depression, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical Fitness, Hyperglycemia, Humans, Independent Living, Obesity, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Serum Albumin, Aged
Abstract

This study aimed to (1) develop the physical fitness age, which is the biological age based on physical function, (2) evaluate the validity of the physical fitness age for the assessment of sarcopenia, and (3) examine the factors associated with the difference between physical fitness age and chronological age.Cross-sectional study.Community-dwelling older adults and outpatients.A formula for calculating the physical fitness age was created based on the usual walking speed, handgrip strength, one-leg standing time, and chronological age of 4,076 older adults from the pooled data of community-dwelling and outpatients using the principal component analysis. For the validation of the physical fitness age, we also used pooled data from community-dwelling older adults (n = 1929) and outpatients (n = 473). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. The association of D-age (the difference between physical and chronological ages) with cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, and cardiac function was examined.The receiver operating characteristic analysis, with sarcopenia as the outcome, showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of physical fitness age was greater than that of chronological age (AUC 0.87 and 0.77, respectively, p0.001). Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that the D-age was significantly associated with sarcopenia after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.19-1.26; p0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis with D-age as the dependent variable, D-age was independently associated with a history of diabetes mellitus (or hemoglobin A1c as a continuous variable), obesity, depression, and low serum albumin level. D-age was also correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from serum cystatin C, brain natriuretic peptide, and ankle-brachial index, reflecting some organ function and arteriosclerosis.Compared to chronological age, physical fitness age calculated from handgrip strength, one-leg standing time, and usual walking speed was a better scale for sarcopenia. D-age, which could be a simple indicator of physical function, was associated with modifiable factors, such as poor glycemic control, obesity, depressive symptoms, and malnutrition.

Published
2022

23. The Japan-Multimodal Intervention Trial for Prevention of Dementia (J-MINT): The Study Protocol for an 18-Month, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Author

T. Sugimoto, T. Sakurai, H. Akatsu, T. Doi, Y. Fujiwara, A. Hirakawa, F. Kinoshita, M. Kuzuya, S. Lee, K. Matsuo, M. Michikawa, S. Ogawa, R. Otsuka, K. Sato, H. Shimada, H. Suzuki, H. Takechi, S. Takeda, H. Umegaki, S. Wakayama, and H. Arai

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Psychological intervention, Cognitive decline, Neuropsychological Tests, Prevention of dementia, law.invention, multidomain intervention, cognitive training, Cognition, Japan, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, physical exercise, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Exercise, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Neuropsychological test, medicine.disease, Cognitive training, Nutrition Assessment, nutrition, Physical therapy, Female, business
Abstract

Background/Objectives The Japan-multimodal intervention trial for prevention of dementia (J-MINT) is intended to verify the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions and to clarify the mechanism of cognitive improvement and deterioration by carrying out assessment of dementia-related biomarkers, omics analysis and brain imaging analysis among older adults at high risk of dementia. Moreover, the J-MINT trial collaborates with partnering private enterprises in the implementation of relevant interventional measures. This manuscript describes the study protocol. Design/Setting Eighteen-month, multi-centered, randomized controlled trial. Participants We plan to recruit 500 older adults aged 65–85 years with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects will be centrally randomized into intervention and control groups at a 1:1 allocation ratio using the dynamic allocation method with all subjects stratified by age, sex, and cognition. Intervention The multi-domain intervention program includes: (1) management of vascular risk factors; (2) group-based physical exercise and self-monitoring of physical activity; (3) nutritional counseling; and (4) cognitive training. Health-related information will be provided to the control group every two months. Measurements The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the change from baseline to 18 months in a global composite score combining several neuropsychological domains. Secondary outcomes include: cognitive change in each neuropsychological test, incident dementia, changes in blood and dementia-related biomarkers, changes in geriatric assessment including activities of daily living, frailty status and neuroimaging, and number of medications taken. Conclusions This trial that enlist the support of private enterprises will lead to the creation of new services for dementia prevention as well as to verify the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions for dementia prevention. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.14283/jpad.2021.29 and is accessible for authorized users.

Published
2021

24. Demonstration of GaN:Eu/GaN nanowire light emitting diodes grown by selective-area organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Author

T. Otabara, J. Tatebayashi, T. Yoshimura, D. Timmerman, S. Ichikawa, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

We report on the demonstration of GaN:Eu/GaN nanowire (NW) LEDs grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The GaN:Eu/GaN NW LED structures with a large aspect ratio (>8) are formed by selective-area OMVPE, and have pedestals that are free from lateral overgrowth of p-GaN in order to prevent short circuiting. The structures are embedded in polydimethylsiloxane followed by a wet-etching process to expose the tips of NW LEDs for contacting. Red luminescence with a narrow linewidth originating from Eu3+ ions is observed at room temperature under current injection in the GaN:Eu/GaN NW LEDs.

Published
2023

25. Enhanced light output of Eu, O-codoped GaN caused by reconfiguration of luminescent sites during post-growth thermal annealing

Author

T. Iwaya, S. Ichikawa, D. Timmerman, J. Tatebayashi, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Luminescence efficiency of Eu-related emission from Eu, O-codoped GaN (GaN:Eu, O) strongly depends on the local structure of Eu ions. Growth at relatively low temperature (∼960 °C) not only enables high Eu doping concentration but also elevates Eu-clustering due to its low diffusion coefficient, which results in formation of a large number of inefficient luminescent sites. We have studied the impact of post-growth thermal annealing at high temperatures on elimination of Eu clusters by photoluminescence measurements. These clarify that thermal annealing at high temperatures induces changes in the structural conformation and converts inefficient luminescent sites to efficient ones. As a result, the sample annealed at 1100 °C shows increased luminescence efficiency with a maximum of 5.1 times that of the as-grown sample. Post-growth thermal annealing offers a way to improve the efficiency of GaN:Eu, O further for practical application in III-nitride-based monolithic three-primary colors' light-emitting diodes.

Published
2023

29. Studies of energetic particle transport induced by multiple Alfvén eigenmodes using neutron and escaping energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas

Author

K. Ogawa, M. Isobe, S. Kamio, H. Nuga, R. Seki, S. Sangaroon, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Fujiwara, E. Takada, S. Murakami, J. Jo, Y. Takemura, H. Sakai, K. Tanaka, T. Tokuzawa, R. Yasuhara, and M. Osakabe

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, neutron, deuterium experiment, energetic particle, energetic particle transport, Alfv´en eigenmode, Condensed Matter Physics, Large Helical Device
Abstract

Studies of energetic particle transport due to energetic-particle-driven Alfvénic instability have progressed using neutron and energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device deuterium plasmas. Alfvénic instability excited by injecting an intensive neutral beam was observed by a magnetic probe and a far-infrared laser interferometer. The interferometer showed Alfvénic instability composed of three modes that existed from the core to the edge of the plasma. A comparison between the observed frequency and shear Alfvén spectra suggested that the mode activity was most likely classified as an Alfvénic avalanche. A neutron fluctuation detector and a fast ion loss detector indicated that Alfvénic instability induced transport and loss of co-going transit energetic ions. The dependence of the drop rate of the neutron signal on the Alfvénic instability amplitude showed that significant transport occurred. Significant transport might be induced by the large amplitude and radially extended multiple modes, as well as a large deviation of the energetic ion orbit from the flux surface.

Published
2022

33. Formation and optical characteristics of GaN:Eu/GaN core–shell nanowires grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

Author

T. Otabara, J. Tatebayashi, S. Hasegawa, D. Timmerman, S. Ichikawa, M. Ichimiya, M. Ashida, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

We report on the formation and optical characteristics of Eu-doped GaN (GaN:Eu)/GaN core–shell nanowires (NWs) grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. A moderate V/III ratio and growth temperature enable the incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the GaN shells on GaN core NWs, resulting in red luminescence at room temperature whose peak intensity is more than 20 times larger than for a GaN:Eu film on planar GaN. The cathodoluminescence characterization corroborates that the observed enhanced Eu luminescence originates from the predominant formation of highly efficient Eu centers in the sidewalls of the GaN:Eu/GaN core–shell NWs.

Published
2022

34. Study of the charged particle flow near the plasma grid in negative ion source

Author

S. Masaki, H. Nakano, E. Rattanawongnara, K. Nagaoka, K. Ikeda, Y. Fujiwara, M. Osakabe, M. Wada, and K. Tsumori

Subjects
History, Physics::Plasma Physics, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

Flows of the charged particles in hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas were measured with the single-tip directional Langmuir probe. The flow patterns of positive and negative ions have been constructed from the data by moving the probe near the plasma grid. The positive ion flow from driver to extraction regions showed the different velocity equivalent to the mass difference between H and D. The negative ion flow indicated the surface production of negative ions on the plasma grid, and changed the direction corresponding to the magnitude of the extraction electric field.

Published
2022

35. In situ ultrasonic method for estimating residual tension of wedge fix type anchors

Author

Y. Fujiwara, Tomoki Shiotani, Hisafumi Asaue, S. B. Tamrakar, and Kai-Chun Chang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, business.product_category, Building and Construction, Mechanics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Wedge (mechanical device), Amplitude, Extant taxon, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Waveform, General Materials Science, Ultrasonic sensor, business, 010301 acoustics, Maximum amplitude, Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Good maintenance of ground anchors installed along the slopes and the cuts of expressways is very important to keep those slopes and cuts stable and safe. In this research, nondestructive method which is a cheaper and quicker than extant method, to evaluate residual tension of ground anchors is introduced. Ultrasonic waves reflected back from the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing plate are recorded in the waveform and the maximum amplitudes of each of those reflected waves are compared. While comparing the average maximum amplitude of each reflected wave with corresponding tensile load, a good linear increasing trend is observed when 1st reflected wave from the lower surface of the bearing plate (WRL1). Comparison is made between all the representative average maximum amplitudes of WRL1 of both laboratory and field experiments with corresponding tensile stress (or tension). A generalized equation is then recommended which can be used for predicting residual tension of the anchors.

Published
2018

36. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. BOURDENX, B. BOURGEOIS, N. BOURKE, G. BOUSQUET, P. BOYA, P. BOZHKOV, L. BOZI, T. BOZKURT, D. BRACKNEY, C. BRANDTS, R. BRAUN, G. BRAUS, R. BRAVO-SAGUA, J. BRAVO-SAN PEDRO, P. BREST, M. BRINGER, A. BRIONES-HERRERA, V. BROADDUS, P. BRODERSEN, E. ALVAREZ, J. BRODSKY, S. BRODY, P. BRONSON, J. BRONSTEIN, C. BROWN, R. BROWN, P. BRUM, J. BRUMELL, N. BRUNETTI-PIERRI, D. BRUNO, R. BRYSON-RICHARDSON, C. BUCCI, C. BUCHRIESER, M. BUENO, L. BUITRAGO-MOLINA, S. BURASCHI, S. BUCH, J. BUCHAN, E. BUCKINGHAM, H. BUDAK, M. BUDINI, G. BULTYNCK, F. BURADA, J. BURGOYNE, M. BURON, V. BUSTOS, S. BUTTNER, E. BUTTURINI, A. BYRD, I. CABAS, S. CABRERA-BENITEZ, K. CADWELL, J. CAI, L. CAI, Q. CAI, M. CAIRO, J. CALBET, G. CALDWELL, K. CALDWELL, J. CALL, R. CALVANI, A. CALVO, M. BARRERA, N. CAMARA, J. CAMONIS, N. CAMOUGRAND, M. CAMPANELLA, E. CAMPBELL, F. CAMPBELL-VALOIS, S. CAMPELLO, I. CAMPESI, J. CAMPOS, O. CAMUZARD, J. CANCINO, D. DE ALMEIDA, L. CANESI, I. CANIGGIA, B. CANONICO, C. CANTI, B. CAO, M. CARAGLIA, B. CARAMES, E. CARCHMAN, E. CARDENAL-MUNOZ, C. CARDENAS, L. CARDENAS, S. CARDOSO, J. CAREW, G. CARLE, G. CARLETON, S. CARLONI, D. CARMONA-GUTIERREZ, L. CARNEIRO, O. CARNEVALI, J. CAROSI, S. CARRA, A. CARRIER, L. CARRIER, B. CARROLL, A. CARTER, A. CARVALHO, M. CASANOVA, C. CASAS, J. CASAS, C. CASSIOLI, E. CASTILLO, K. CASTILLO, S. CASTILLO-LLUVA, F. CASTOLDI, M. CASTORI, A. CASTRO, M. CASTRO-CALDAS, J. CASTRO-HERNANDEZ, S. CASTRO-OBREGON, S. CATZ, C. CAVADAS, F. CAVALIERE, G. CAVALLINI, M. CAVINATO, M. CAYUELA, P. RICA, V. CECARINI, F. CECCONI, M. CECHOWSKA-PASKO, S. CENCI, V. CEPERUELO-MALLAFRE, J. CERQUEIRA, J. CERUTTI, D. CERVIA, V. CETINTAS, S. CETRULLO, H. CHAE, A. CHAGIN, C. CHAI, G. CHAKRABARTI, O. CHAKRABARTI, T. CHAKRABORTY, M. CHAMI, G. CHAMILOS, D. CHAN, E. CHAN, H. CHAN, M. CHAN, Y. CHAN, P. CHANDRA, C. CHANG, H. CHANG, K. CHANG, J. CHAO, T. CHAPMAN, N. CHARLET-BERGUERAND, S. CHATTERJEE, S. CHAUBE, A. CHAUDHARY, S. CHAUHAN, E. CHAUM, F. CHECLER, M. CHEETHAM, C. CHEN, G. CHEN, J. CHEN, L. CHEN, M. CHEN, N. CHEN, Q. CHEN, R. CHEN, S. CHEN, W. CHEN, X. CHEN, Y. CHEN, Z. CHEN, H. CHENG, J. CHENG, S. CHENG, W. CHENG, X. CHENG, Y. CHENG, Z. CHENG, H. CHEONG, J. CHEONG, B. CHERNYAK, S. CHERRY, C. CHEUNG, K. CHEUNG, E. CHEVET, R. CHI, A. CHIANG, F. CHIARADONNA, R. CHIARELLI, M. CHIARIELLO, N. CHICA, S. CHIOCCA, M. CHIONG, S. CHIOU, A. CHIRAMEL, V. CHIURCHIU, D. CHO, S. CHOE, A. CHOI, M. CHOI, K. CHOUDHURY, N. CHOW, C. CHU, J. CHUA, H. CHUNG, K. CHUNG, S. CHUNG, Y. CHUNG, V. CIANFANELLI, I. CIECHOMSKA, M. CIFUENTES, L. CINQUE, S. CIRAK, M. CIRONE, M. CLAGUE, R. CLARKE, E. CLEMENTI, E. COCCIA, P. CODOGNO, E. COHEN, M. COHEN, T. COLASANTI, F. COLASUONNO, R. COLBERT, A. COLELL, N. COLL, M. COLLINS, M. COLOMBO, D. COLON-RAMOS, L. COMBARET, S. COMINCINI, M. COMINETTI, A. CONSIGLIO, A. CONTE, F. CONTI, V. CONTU, M. COOKSON, K. COOMBS, I. COPPENS, M. CORASANITI, D. CORKERY, N. CORDES, K. CORTESE, M. COSTA, S. COSTANTINO, P. COSTELLI, A. COTO-MONTES, P. CRACK, J. CRESPO, A. CRIOLLO, V. CRIPPA, R. CRISTOFANI, T. CSIZMADIA, A. CUADRADO, B. CUI, J. CUI, Y. CUI, E. CULETTO, A. CUMINO, A. CYBULSKY, M. CZAJA, S. CZUCZWAR, S. D'ADAMO, M. D'AMELIO, D. D'ARCANGELO, A. D'LUGOS, G. D'ORAZI, J. DA SILVA, H. DAFSARI, R. DAGDA, Y. DAGDAS, M. DAGLIA, X. DAI, Y. DAI, J. DAL COL, P. DALHAIMER, L. DALLA VALLE, T. DALLENGA, G. DALMASSO, M. DAMME, I. DANDO, N. DANTUMA, A. DARLING, H. DAS, S. DASARATHY, S. DASARI, S. DASH, O. DAUMKE, A. DAUPHINEE, J. DAVIES, V. DAVILA, R. DAVIS, T. DAVIS, S. NAIDU, F. DE AMICIS, K. DE BOSSCHER, F. DE FELICE, L. DE FRANCESCHI, C. DE LEONIBUS, M. BARBOSA, G. DE MEYER, A. DE MILITO, C. DE NUNZIO, C. DE PALMA, M. DE SANTI, C. DE VIRGILIO, D. DE ZIO, J. DEBNATH, B. DEBOSCH, J. DECUYPERE, M. DEEHAN, G. DEFLORIAN, J. DEGREGORI, B. DEHAY, G. DEL RIO, J. DELANEY, L. DELBRIDGE, E. DELORME-AXFORD, M. DELPINO, F. DEMARCHI, V. DEMBITZ, N. DEMERS, H. DENG, Z. DENG, J. DENGJEL, P. DENT, D. DENTON, M. DEPAMPHILIS, C. DER, V. DERETIC, A. 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ELEUTERI, E. EL-SHAFEY, M. ELGENDY, A. ELIOPOULOS, M. ELIZALDE, P. ELKS, H. ELSASSER, E. ELSHERBINY, B. EMERLING, N. EMRE, C. ENG, N. ENGEDAL, A. ENGELBRECHT, A. ENGELSEN, J. ENSERINK, R. ESCALANTE, A. ESCLATINE, M. ESCOBAR-HENRIQUES, E. ESKELINEN, L. ESPERT, M. EUSEBIO, G. FABRIAS, C. FABRIZI, A. FACCHIANO, F. FACCHIANO, B. FADEEL, C. FADER, A. FAESEN, W. FAIRLIE, A. FALCO, B. FALKENBURGER, D. FAN, J. FAN, Y. FAN, E. FANG, Y. FANG, M. FANTO, T. FARFEL-BECKER, M. FAURE, G. FAZELI, A. FEDELE, A. FELDMAN, D. FENG, J. FENG, L. FENG, Y. FENG, W. FENG, T. ARAUJO, T. FERGUSON, J. FERNANDEZ-CHECA, S. FERNANDEZVELEDO, A. FERNIE, A. FERRANTE, A. FERRARESI, M. FERRARI, J. FERREIRA, S. FERRO-NOVICK, A. FIGUERAS, R. FILADI, N. FILIGHEDDU, E. FILIPPICHIELA, G. FILOMENI, G. FIMIA, V. FINESCHI, F. FINETTI, S. FINKBEINER, E. FISHER, P. FISHER, F. FLAMIGNI, S. FLIESLER, T. FLO, I. FLORANCE, O. FLOREY, T. FLORIO, E. FODOR, C. FOLLO, E. FON, A. FORLINO, F. FORNAI, P. FORTINI, A. FRACASSI, A. FRALDI, B. 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ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

37. Development of the directional Langmuir probe for the charged particle flow measurement

Author

H. Nakano, K. Nagaoka, Masashi Kisaki, Y. Fujiwara, K. Ikeda, M. Osakabe, S. Masaki, E. Rattanawongnara, and K. Tsumori

Subjects
symbols.namesake, Materials science, Density gradient, Physics::Plasma Physics, symbols, Langmuir probe, Biasing, Electron, Molecular physics, Flow measurement, Charged particle, Ion, Magnetic field
Abstract

The extraction mechanism of negative ion beams is affected by the behavior of positive and negative ions near the extraction apertures. Flow of the charged particles in a hydrogen discharge were measured with a newly developed directional photodetachment probe which has a single probe tip. Compared with our previous multiple-tip directional probe, the single-tip directional probe was able to measure fine flow structure of the positive and the negative ions without spatial ambiguity associated with electron deflection magnetic field and density gradient. The single-tip probe observed the turning of the flow of the negative hydrogen ion by increasing the bias voltage in the extraction region of the negative ion source.

Published
2021

38. Development of matured hiPSCs-derived 3D cardiac tissue using ERR gamma agonist and mechanical stress and application for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) model

Author

Y Fujiwara, Tomoyuki Nishimoto, Kohei Deguchi, Yoshinori Yoshida, Y Naka, and M Sasaki

Subjects
Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, medicine.disease, Sarcomere, Troponin, Cell size, Tissue engineering, Internal medicine, Cardiology, biology.protein, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Electric stimulation, Stretching exercises
Abstract

Introduction Tissue engineering using human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCs-CMs) is one of the potential tools to replicate human heart in vitro. Although there are many publications on 3 dimensional (3D) heart tissues (1), these tissues show fetal like phenotypes. For that reason, several maturation methods such as electrical stimulation and mechanical stress have been investigated (2, 3). However, these methods have been inadequate in differentiating fetal like phenotype tissue from adult tissues. Previously, we identified a novel compound, T112, which induced hiPSCs-CMs maturation from approximately 9,000 compounds using Troponin I1-EmGFP and Troponin I3-mCherry double reporter hiPSCs-CMs. This compound enhanced morphological and metabolic maturation of hiPSCs-CMs via estrogen-rerated receptor gamma activation Purpose We hypothesized that our novel compound, T112, in combination with mechanical stress could result in further maturation of 3D heart tissue. Therefore, our specific aim is to develop a novel maturation method applicable to genetic disease model of HCM using 3D heart tissue combined with T112. Methods We constructed 3D heart tissue mixed with fibroblast and double reporter hiPSCs-CMs by the hydrogel methods using Flex cell system®. We added T112 with or without mechanical stretching to 3D tissue from 7 to 15 days after 3D heart tissue was constructed. Then we measured maturation related phenotype such as sarcomere gene expression, mitochondrial DNA content and cell size. Results Similar to hiPSCs-CM, the addition of T112 to the constructed 3D heart tissue significantly increased TNNI3 mRNA compared to that of DMSO. Furthermore, T112 treated 3D heart tissue showed increased cell size and oblong shape. Next, in order to promote more maturation of 3D heart tissue, we performed mechanical stretching with the addition of T112. The combination of T112 with mechanical stretching showed higher expression of mCherry, a reporter protein for TNNI3 expression, and higher isotropy of sarcomere alignment in 3D heart tissue than that with the static condition. Furthermore, 3D heart tissue in the treatment of T112 with or without mechanical stretching showed higher mitochondrial DNA content compared to the respective DMSO controls. Interestingly, we applied this combination method to hiPSCs carrying MYH7 R719Q mutation which is known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the 3D heart tissue composed of cardiomyocytes derived from mutant iPSCs demonstrated increased sarcomere disarray compared to isogenic wild-type 3D heart tissue. Conclusion These results suggest that the combination of T112 and mechanical stretching promotes metabolic and structural maturation of 3D heart tissue and would be useful for creating a HCM disease model. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): T-CiRA project, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

Published
2020

39. Challenges toward improvement of deuterium-injection power in the Large Helical Device negative-ion-based NBIs

Author

Shuji Kamio, Masashi Kisaki, Masaki Osakabe, Katsunori Ikeda, Kenichi Nagaoka, Y. Fujiwara, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, and Haruhisa Nakano

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Deuterium, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Power (physics), Ion
Abstract

Improvement of deuterium injection power in the negative-ion-based NBIs (n-NBIs) for the Large Helical Device (LHD) are reported. Co-extracted electron current at acceleration of deuterium negative ions (D− ions) limits the injection power. The electron current is reduced by decreasing the extraction gap, and the injected D− current evaluated from the injection power increased from 46 to 55 A. Greater electron reduction was achieved by installing a structure named an ‘electron fence’ (EF), with which D− beam power was successfully improved from 2.0 MW to 3.0 MW. The injection power in three configurations − without EF, with EF of 5 mm and 7 mm distance from the plasma grid (PG) surface − have been compared in both cases of hydrogen and deuterium operations, and it was found that the configuration with the EF of 5 mm distance was the best to satisfy the performance for both of hydrogen and deuterium injections. Although the co-extracted electron current is reduced in the negative ion sources applied for JT-60SA and ITER by utilizing the PG filter, it is possible to achieve more effective electron reduction by combining the PG filter and the EF.

Published
2022

42. POS-161 A CASE OF EGPA THAT DEVELOPED DURING REMISSION OF IGA NEPHROPATHY

Author

S. Kimura, Y. Itou, S. Tanaka, N. Mori, K. Mori, Y. Noguchi, A. Sugawara, M. Murakami, Y. Yamamoto, K. Matsuo, Y. Fujiwara, T. Okawa, and Y. Soma

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, RC870-923, business, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, Nephropathy
Published
2021

43. (\bar{K}\)-Nuclear Bound State at J-PARC

Author

G. Beer, Michiko Sekimoto, L. Busso, Alessandro Scordo, Mario Bragadireanu, Ryugo S. Hayano, T. Hashimoto, K. Inoue, C. Guaraldo, Shoji Suzuki, Koki Kanno, Shigeru Ishimoto, O. Morra, Makoto Tokuda, Y. Sada, H. Asano, Johannes Zmeskal, Akihisa Toyoda, Diana Sirghi, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, M. Sato, Johann Marton, Michael Cargnelli, Y. Ishiguro, Paul Buehler, K. Kato, Y. Kato, Fuminori Sakuma, Paul Kienle, Kyo Tsukada, Kenta Itahashi, H. Tatsuno, Ken Suzuki, M. Iliescu, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Kotaro Shirotori, Kristian Piscicchia, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Hexi Shi, H. Kou, Haruhiko Outa, Hiroyuki Noumi, Yue Ma, Takashi Ishikawa, S. Kawasaki, Oton Vazquez Doce, Hyoungchan Bhang, Catalina Curceanu, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Carolina Berucci, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Florin Sirghi, Shinji Okada, D. Tomono, Takatoshi Suzuki, Atsushi Sakaguchi, S. Ajimura, Masami Iio, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Yutaka Mizoi, Toshimitsu Yamazaki, Tomofumi Nagae, Shun Enomoto, Seonho Choi, Qi Zhang, Eberhard Widmann, and Masahiko Iwasaki

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Bar (music), Bound state, J-PARC
Published
2020

44. Down-grading of ipsilateral hydronephrosis by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy in patients with ureteral cancer

Author

Nagaaki Marugami, Yoshitaka Itami, Takuya Owari, Shunta Hori, Y. Fujiwara, K. Fujimoto, H. Azuma, Yasushi Nakai, N. Nishimura, Hideyasu Matsuyama, T. Inamoto, M. Miyake, K. Komura, and H. Matsumoto

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Ureteral cancer, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, medicine, In patient, business, Grading (tumors), Hydronephrosis
Published
2020

45. Studies of the fast ion confinement in the Large Helical Device by using neutron measurement and integrated codes

Author

Shuji Kamio, Ryosuke Seki, Y. Fujiwara, H. Nuga, Takeo Nishitani, Masaki Osakabe, Kunihiro Ogawa, Masayuki Yokoyama, and Mitsutaka Isobe

Subjects
Physics, Neutron emission, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Dilution, Ion, Large Helical Device, Deuterium, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Neutron measurement, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The neutral beam (NB) fast ion confinement in the Large Helical Device (LHD) is studied for several full field ( $B_{t}\sim 2.75~\text{T}$ ) magnetic configurations by a combination of neutron measurement and simulations. To investigate the NB fast ion confinement, we have performed a series of short-pulse NB injection experiments. The experiment results are analysed by the integrated code TASK3D-a. From this investigation, the effective particle diffusion coefficients of the tangential and perpendicular NBs are approximately $D^{\text{eff}}\sim 0.1~\text{m}^{2}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and $D^{\text{eff}}\sim 1~\text{m}^{2}~\text{s}^{-1}$ in the standard configuration. It is clarified that the NB fast ion confinement improves when the plasmas are shifted inward. Moreover, it is also found that the simulation, which considers the deuteron dilution effect due to the presence of impurity ions, can describe a neutron emission rate consistent with the measurement.

Published
2020

46. Study of correlation between plasma parameter and beam optics

Author

Y. Haba, Haruhisa Nakano, K. Ikeda, Masashi Kisaki, S. Masaki, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Y. Fujiwara, K. Nagaoak, and M. Osakabe

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Beam diameter, Materials science, Plasma parameters, Biasing, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Plasma parameter, Meniscus, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Simultaneous measurement of negative ion source plasma and extracted beam is carried out in order to clarify a key plasma parameter governing the meniscus formation in negative ion sources for fusion. The plasma discharge is performed with various discharge powers at different bias voltages in order to vary the plasma parameters. It is shown that the beam width changes along the same curve with respect to the negative ion density at any bias voltage while it varies along different curves with other plasma parameters depending on the bias voltage. This implies that the mechanism of meniscus formation in negative ion sources could be described along the similar manner as positive ion sources.

Published
2020

47. Transition between Isotope-Mixing and Nonmixing States in Hydrogen-Deuterium Mixture Plasmas

Author

Mikirou Yoshinuma, Katsumi Ida, Kenji Tanaka, Gen Motojima, Motoki Nakata, T. Kobayashi, Suguru Masuzaki, Kotaro Yamasaki, Ryuichi Sakamoto, and Y. Fujiwara

Subjects
Electron density, Materials science, Hydrogen, Isotope, Turbulence, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Large Helical Device, chemistry, Deuterium, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The transition between isotope-mixing and nonmixing states in hydrogen-deuterium mixture plasmas is observed in the isotope (hydrogen and deuterium) mixture plasma in the Large Helical Device. In the nonmixing state, the isotope density ratio profile is nonuniform when the beam fueling isotope species differs from the recycling isotope species and the profile varies significantly depending on the ratio of the recycling isotope species, although the electron density profile shape is unchanged. The fast transition from nonmixing state to isotope-mixing state (nearly uniform profile of isotope ion density ratio) is observed associated with the change of electron density profile from peaked to hollow profile by the pellet injection near the plasma periphery. The transition from nonmixing to isotope-mixing state strongly correlates with the increase of turbulence measurements and the transition of turbulence state from TEM to ion temperature gradient is predicted by gyrokinetic simulation.

Published
2020

48. K - Pp bound system at J-PARC

Author

Eberhard Widmann, M. Iliescu, Haruhiko Outa, Hiroaki Ohnishi, K. Inoue, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Hiroyuki Noumi, Takashi Ishikawa, Makoto Tokuda, Masahiko Iwasaki, H. Tatsuno, Akihisa Toyoda, Toshimitsu Yamazaki, D. Tomono, M. Sato, Paul Kienle, Ken Suzuki, Michael Cargnelli, Kotaro Shirotori, Florin Sirghi, Hiroyuki Fujioka, Atsushi Sakaguchi, G. Beer, Oton Vazquez Doce, Shun Enomoto, Shinji Okada, Yue Ma, Hyoungchan Bhang, Mario Bragadireanu, Paul Buehler, K. Kato, Alessandro Scordo, T. Hashimoto, H. Kou, O. Morra, Johann Marton, Catalina Curceanu, Johannes Zmeskal, Y. Kato, Carolina Berucci, S. Kawasaki, Takatoshi Suzuki, Seonho Choi, L. Busso, S. Ajimura, Tomofumi Nagae, Masami Iio, Fuminori Sakuma, Y. Ishiguro, Qi Zhang, Y. Sada, Tomokazu Fukuda, Y. Fujiwara, Yutaka Mizoi, Kyo Tsukada, C. Guaraldo, Ryugo S. Hayano, H. Asano, Toshihiko Hiraiwa, Shigeru Ishimoto, Koki Kanno, Shoji Suzuki, Kristian Piscicchia, T. Yamaga, Kiyoshi Tanida, Hexi Shi, Diana Sirghi, Michiko Sekimoto, and Kenta Itahashi

Subjects
Physics, Binding energy, Bound state, J-PARC, State (functional analysis), Atomic physics
Abstract

The K¯NN bound system, symbolically denoted as “K−pp”, is the simplest K¯-nuclear bound system which has been widely discussed as a consequence of the strongly attractive K¯N interaction in I = 0 channels. Many theoretical works have pointed out the existence of the “K−pp” bound system, but the calculated properties such as the binding energy and the width spread out due to the uncertainty of the K¯N interaction below the K¯+N mass threshold. Experimentally, there are several reports on observation of a “K−pp” candidate with the binding energy of around 100 MeV, however, no definitive evidence was available so far. At J-PARC, we conducted a experimental search for the “K−pp” bound system using K− + 3He reaction at 1.0 GeV/c where the “K−pp” is expected to be directly produced via the (K−, n) reaction. We finally observed a bound state below the K− +p+p mass threshold in the Λpn final state, which can be interpreted as the “K− pp” bound state. The possible existence of the “K− pp” state is discussed from both aspects of production and decay.

Published
2020

49. Progress in modelling fast-ion D-alpha spectra and neutral particle analyzer fluxes using FIDASIM

Author

M. Weiland, R. Dux, P. A. Schneider, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Zs. Poloskei, A. Jansen van Vuuren, Benedikt Geiger, R. Fischer, Alvin Garcia, A. N. Karpushov, D. Liu, I. Sfiligoi, Y. Fujiwara, Luke Stagner, and William Heidbrink

Subjects
Spectrum analyzer, Materials science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Analytical chemistry, Alpha (ethology), 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral particle, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion
Abstract

FIDASIM is a code that models signals produced by charge-exchange reactions between neutrals and ions (both fast and thermal) in magnetically confined plasmas. With the ion distribution function as input, the code predicts the efflux to a neutral particle analyzer diagnostic and the photon radiance of Balmer-alpha light to a fast-ion Dα diagnostic, in addition to many other related quantities. A new, parallelized version of the Monte Carlo code FIDASIM has been developed in Fortran90 that is substantially faster than the original interactive data language version. Modified algorithms include more accurate treatments of the time dependent collisional-radiative equations that describe neutral energy levels, of the cloud of ‘halo’ neutrals that surround the injected neutral beam, and of finite Larmor radius effects. Enhanced physics capabilities include modelling ‘passive’ signals from cold edge neutrals, the ability to treat general three-dimensional magnetic confinement configurations, and calculations of diagnostic-specific weight functions that enable tomographic reconstructions of the fast-ion distribution function. Neutral beam attenuation, beam emission, and fast-ion birth profiles are also modelled. The new algorithms have been successfully validated against experimental data and new features have been tested through benchmarks between two independently developed versions of the code.

Published
2020

50. Extension of high power deuterium operation of negative ion based neutral beam injector in the large helical device

Author

Shuji Kamio, Y. Haba, Kenichi Nagaoka, Haruhisa Nakano, K. Ikeda, Y. Fujiwara, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, M. Osakabe, S. Masaki, and Masashi Kisaki

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Ion current, Plasma, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Electric arc, Large Helical Device, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Current density, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Second deuterium operation of the negative ion based neutral beam injector was performed in 2018 in the large helical device. The electron and ion current ratio improves to Ie/Iacc(D) = 0.31 using the short extraction gap distance of 7 mm between the plasma grid (PG) and the extraction grid (EG). The strength of the magnetic field by the electron deflection magnet installed in the EG increases by 17% at the PG ingress surface, which effectively reduces the electron component in the negative ion rich plasma in the vicinity of PG apertures. The reduction of the electron current made it possible to operate at a high power arc discharge and beam extraction. Then, the deuterium negative ion current increases to 55.4 A with the averaged current density of 233 A/m2. The thermal load on the EG using 7 mm gap distance is 0.6 times smaller than the thermal load using a 8 mm gap caused by the reduction of coextracted electron current. The injection beam power increases to 2.9 MW in the beam line BL3, and the total beam injection power increases to 7 MW by three beam lines in the second deuterium campaign.

Published
2019

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