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Urban heritage is a category of cultural heritage. Historic centers are protected by a legal framework that safeguards the values that are the object of the declaration. The study of urban heritage protection policy in Colombia has been limited by the classical perspective. In contrast, this research performs a case study on conservation legislation and the historical centers declared in Colombia as Assets of Cultural Interest (BIC, in Spanish) between 1954 and 2019 from historical institutionalism. The methodology used is the Path Dependence Application Scheme (EAPD, in Spanish), which seeks to recognize the relationships between the variables, periods, and trajectory of the object of study; to demonstrate the hypothesis of this work, namely the emergence of urban heritage and protection mechanisms is due to the debilitation of the law and ideas of historical heritage. The preliminary conclusions outline five periods and emphasize the mutual dependence of urban heritage and protection policies, as well as the recent emergence of citizen participation, and the loss of flexibility and versatility of the legal framework with manifestations of irreversibility in the conservation of urban heritage.

Documento escrito por un elevado número de autores/as, solo se referencia el/la que aparece en primer lugar y los/as autores/as pertenecientes a la UC3M. Correction: The authors regret the omission of one of the authors, Federico de Isidro Gómez, from the original manuscript. The corrected list of authors and affiliations for this paper is as shown above. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. (Faraday Discuss., 2022,240, 228-228. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FD90074B) The number of maps deposited in public databases (Electron Microscopy Data Bank, EMDB) determined by cryo-electron microscopy has quickly grown in recent years. With this rapid growth, it is critical to guarantee their quality. So far, map validation has primarily focused on the agreement between maps and models. From the image processing perspective, the validation has been mostly restricted to using two half-maps and the measurement of their internal consistency. In this article, we suggest that map validation can be taken much further from the point of view of image processing if 2D classes, particles, angles, coordinates, defoci, and micrographs are also provided. We present a progressive validation scheme that qualifies a result validation status from 0 to 5 and offers three optional qualifiers (A, W, and O) that can be added. The simplest validation state is 0, while the most complete would be 5AWO. This scheme has been implemented in a website https://biocomp.cnb.csic.es/EMValidationService/ to which reconstructed maps and their ESI can be uploaded. Javier Vargas and Jordi Burguet would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for financial support through the call 2019 Proyectos de I+D+i - RTI Tipo A (PID2019108850RA-I00) and Arrate Muñoz Barrutia, PID2019-109820RB-I00, MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/, cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), A way of making Europe. The authors acknowledge the economic support from MICIN of the Instruct Image Processing Center (I2PC) as part of the Spanish participation in Instruct-ERIC, the European Strategic Infrastructure Project (ESFRI) in the area of Structural Biology, Grant PID2019-104757RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and ERDF A way of making Europe, by the European Union and Grant PRE2020-093527 funded by MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF Investing in your future. We also acknowledge support from Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid through Grant: S2017/BMD-3817, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project IMPaCT-Data, exp. IMP/ 00019), co-funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, A way to make Europe), and European Union (EU) and Horizon 2020 through grants: EOSC Life (INFRAEOSC-04-2018, Proposal: 824087), HighResCells (ERC- 2018- SyG, Proposal: 810057), IMpaCT (WIDESPREAD-03-2018Proposal: 857203), EOSC- Synergy (EINFRA-EOSC-5, Proposal: 857647), iNEXTDiscovery (Proposal: 871037), EnLaCES (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020, Proposal: 101024130).

Resumen La notable dimensión adquirida por los instrumentos de planeación y gestión de los centros históricos declarados como Bien de Interés Cultural del ámbito nacional en Colombia en la última década cuestiona el sentido de la política pública de protección del patrimonio urbano. La identificación de las secuencias y rutinas en el encadenamiento de los mecanismos de protección puede aportar a la comprensión y comprobación de la congruencia de la política pública en el diálogo central entre el patrimonio cultural y el contexto latinoamericano donde surgen, así como su reciprocidad con los retos del desarrollo urbano. A partir de la aplicación del modelo de dependencia de trayectoria (MDT) a las variables relacionadas con el patrimonio urbano, se pretende identificar la periodificación de las fases de configuración jurídico-institucional de las dimensiones de la administración, gestión y manejo de los centros históricos declarados. Como conclusión se pone de manifiesto su poca pertinencia para garantizar la conservación demandada por los sectores históricos, donde es evidente un desajuste entre la implementación y versatilidad del marco legal, a pesar del incremento de garantías para la participación ciudadana. Resumo A notável dimensão adquirida na última década pelos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão dos centros históricos declarados Bens de Interesse Cultural em nível nacional na Colômbia, questiona o significado das políticas públicas de proteção do patrimônio urbano. das sequências e rotinas no processo de encadeamento dos mecanismos de proteção pode contribuir para a compreensão e verificação não só da congruência da política pública no diálogo central entre o patrimônio cultural e o contexto latinoamericano onde ele surge, mas também sua reciprocidade com os desafios de desenvolvimento urbano. A partir da aplicação do modelo de dependência de trajetórias (MDT) ao conjunto de variáveis identificadas e relacionadas ao patrimônio urbano, pretende-se contrastar os discursos subjacentes e essenciais para validar a interação dos elementos constitutivos dedicados à geração do corpus normativo a partir do dimensões da administração, gestão e gestão dos centros históricos declarados. Como conclusão preliminar, revela-se a sua insignificância para garantir a conservação exigida pelos setores históricos, onde se verifica um descompasso entre a implementação e a versatilidade do enquadramento legal, apesar do aumento das garantias de participação cidadã. Abstract The remarkable dimension acquired in the last decade by the planning and management instruments of the historical centers declared as Assets of Cultural Interest at the national level in Colombia, questions the meaning of public policy for the protection of urban heritage. In this sense, the identification of the sequences and routines in the chaining process of the protection mechanisms can contribute to the understanding and verification not only of the congruence of public policy in the central dialogue between cultural heritage and the Latin American context where it arises, but also its reciprocity with the challenges of urban development. Based on the application of the trajectory dependency model (TDM) to the set of variables identified and related to urban heritage, the aim is to contrast the underlying and essential discourses to validate the interaction of the constitutive elements dedicated to the generation of the normative corpus based on the dimensions of the administration, management and handling of the historic centers declared. As a preliminary conclusion, their insignificance is revealed to guarantee the conservation demanded by the historic sectors, where a mismatch between the implementation and versatility of the legal framework, despite the increase in guarantees for citizen participation.

Biopharmaceutics examines the interrelationship of the drug’s physical/chemical properties, the dosage form (drug product) in which the drug is given, and the administration route on the rate and extent of sys- temic drug absorption. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs in the body. It uses mathematical models to evaluate the movement of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) within an organism. Finally, Pharmacodynamics is the analysis of how these drugs af- fect that organism. Pharmacokinetics data normally comes in samples over time of the drug concentration either in plasma or in some specific tissue. Similarly, pharmacodynamics data comes normally in samples over time of some quantity of interest (biophysical quantity like temperature, blood pres- sure, etc.). The data is submitted to a non-parametric analysis, in which a description of the observed data is reported (e.g., the Area Under the Curve), or to a parametric analysis by fitting a model (normally based on differential equations) so that prediction about future events can be made. This paper aims to introduce Scipion PKPD, an open-source platform for data analysis of this kind in the three domains (Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics). The platform implements the most popular models and is open to new ones. The platform provides almost 100 different high-level operations that we call protocols. We have developed a Python module integrated into the work- flow engine Scipion. The plugin implements the numerical analysis and meta- data handling tools to address multiple problems (see Suppl. Material for a detailed list of the tasks solved). We illustrate the use of this package with an integrative exam- ple that involves all these areas. We show that the package successfully addresses these kinds of analyses. Scipion PKPD is freely available at https://github. com/cossorzano/scipion-pkpd .

The forest products industry has a very important role in the development toward a sustainable, biobased society. However, many fungi that deteriorate the main structural components of wood, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are able to cause decay in standing trees, leading to significant losses in forest output due to impacts on biomass production. Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr) Pilát is a fungus able to attack the trees by saprotrophic and parasitic life strategies, causing white-rot of wood species, a serious problem for the industry that is focused on wood and its uses. The objectives of the work were the synthesis of organotin(IV) carboxylate of a natural product (ent-kaurenoic acid), characterization of the structures and anti-fungal evaluation against T. versicolor, as a contribution of new alternatives for the wood preservation. The synthesis of organotin(IV) complexes derived from the diterpene tetracyclic ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (ent-kaurenoic acid, KA) gave three new complexes potentially active against T. versicolor. The complexes were characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The biological activity was evaluated by a gel dilution method with superficialplate inoculation, using 60 and 120 μg/mL concentration, for the KA and the three organotin(IV) complexes. A considerably higher bioactivity was observed to the 120 μg/mL concentration, and for the complex with greater molecular weight.

Biopharmaceutics examines the interrelationship of the drug's physical/chemical properties, the dosage form (drug product) in which the drug is given, and the administration route on the rate and extent of sys- temic drug absorption. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs in the body. It uses mathematical models to evaluate the movement of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) within an organism. Finally, Pharmacodynamics is the analysis of how these drugs af- fect that organism. Pharmacokinetics data normally comes in samples over time of the drug concentration either in plasma or in some specific tissue. Similarly, pharmacodynamics data comes normally in samples over time of some quantity of interest (biophysical quantity like temperature, blood pres- sure, etc.). The data is submitted to a non-parametric analysis, in which a description of the observed data is reported (e.g., the Area Under the Curve), or to a parametric analysis by fitting a model (normally based on differential equations) so that prediction about future events can be made. This paper aims to introduce Scipion PKPD, an open-source platform for data analysis of this kind in the three domains (Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics). The platform implements the most popular models and is open to new ones. The platform provides almost 100 different high-level operations that we call protocols.We have developed a Python module integrated into the work- flow engine Scipion. The plugin implements the numerical analysis and meta- data handling tools to address multiple problems (see Suppl. Material for a detailed list of the tasks solved).We illustrate the use of this package with an integrative exam- ple that involves all these areas.We show that the package successfully addresses these kinds of analyses. Scipion PKPD is freely available at https://github. com/cossorzano/scipion-pkpd .

Background Group model building (GMB) is a method to facilitate shared understanding of structures and relationships that determine system behaviors. This project aimed to determine the feasibility of GMB in a resource-limited setting and to use GMB to describe key barriers and facilitators to effective acute care delivery at a tertiary care hospital in Malawi. Methods Over 1 week, trained facilitators led three GMB sessions with two groups of healthcare providers to facilitate shared understanding of structures and relationships that determine system behaviors. One group aimed to identify factors that impact patient flow in the paediatric special care ward. The other aimed to identify factors impacting delivery of high-quality care in the paediatric accident and emergency room. Synthesized causal maps of factors influencing patient care were generated, revised, and qualitatively analyzed. Results Causal maps identified patient condition as the central modifier of acute care delivery. Severe illness and high volume of patients were identified as creating system strain in several domains: (1) physical space, (2) resource needs and utilization, (3) staff capabilities and (4) quality improvement. Stress in these domains results in worsening patient condition and perpetuating negative reinforcing feedback loops. Balancing factors inherent to the current system included (1) parental engagement, (2) provider resilience, (3) ease of communication and (4) patient death. Perceived strengths of the GMB process were representation of diverse stakeholder viewpoints and complex system synthesis in a visual causal pathway, the process inclusivity, development of shared understanding, new idea generation and momentum building. Challenges identified included time required for completion and potential for participant selection bias. Conclusions GMB facilitated creation of a shared mental model, as a first step in optimizing acute care delivery in a paediatric facility in this resource-limited setting.

The aim of this study is to describe the imaging features, the relevant anatomy, and the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) fiber tracts in 2 patients who recovered from initial altered consciousness after presenting with a brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM) hemorrhage. A DTT was performed in 2 patients with impaired consciousness after a brainstem cavernous malformation hemorrhage. A 1.5 T scanner was used to obtain the axial tensors. Post-processing was performed and the mean FA values were recorded. The FA maps were used to seed the following regions of interest: the ventromedial midbrain, the anterior thalamus bilaterally, and the hypothalamus bilaterally. The first case presented with posterior displacement of the dorsal raphe fiber tracts, with preservation of all the ascending reticular activating fiber tracts and spontaneous recovery of consciousness after 20 days. The second case presented with no destruction but also had posterior displacement of the inferior dorsal raphe fiber tracts, with recovery of consciousness 1 month after resection surgery. Described in this study are affected fibers of the ARAS, as well as the FA value abnormalities in 2 patients, with recovery of a transient disorder of consciousness after a BSCM hemorrhage.

Pharmacists are trusted health care professionals. Many patients use over-the-counter (OTC) medications and are seen by pharmacists who are the initial point of contact for allergic rhinitis management in most countries. The role of pharmacists in integrated care pathways (ICPs) for allergic diseases is important. This paper builds on existing studies and provides tools intended to help pharmacists provide optimal advice/interventions/strategies to patients with rhinitis. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-pharmacy ICP includes a diagnostic questionnaire specifically focusing attention on key symptoms and markers of the disease, a systematic Diagnosis Guide (including differential diagnoses), and a simple flowchart with proposed treatment for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. Key prompts for referral within the ICP are included. The use of technology is critical to enhance the management of allergic rhinitis. However, the ARIA-pharmacy ICP should be adapted to local healthcare environments/situations as regional (national) differences exist in pharmacy care. © 2018 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Objetivo Caracterizar los hogares colombianos en inseguridad alimentaria según calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos Para determinar la calidad de vida de los hogares colombianos se empleó la base de datos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida realizada en el año 2008 por el Departamento Nacional de Estadísticas de Colombia. Para establecer las prevalencias de inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar (INSAH) se utilizó la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña para la medición de la Seguridad Alimentaria en el Hogar, adaptada y validada para Colombia. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba Chi cuadrado y mediante un análisis de regresión logística. Resultados En los hogares donde se halló mayor probabilidad de inseguridad alimentaria, fue en aquellos con casa propia pero que la estaban pagando o los que tenían posesión de la vivienda pero sin título, los que manifestaron que los ingresos solo alcanzaban para cubrir los gastos mínimos y en los que no alcanzan para cubrir los gastos mínimos, en los que manifestaron sentirse pobres y en los que vivían hacinados. Perder el empleo por parte del jefe del hogar, atrasarse en el pago de los servicios públicos 4 meses ó más, disminuir el gasto en alimentación y haberse gastado los ahorros, también incremento esta probabilidad. Conclusión La INSAH se asoció de forma significativa con condiciones socioeconómicas del hogar y del jefe del hogar.

25 a 29 de septiembre de 2017Facultad de Ciencias y EducaciónProyecto Curricular de Licenciatura en FísicaUniversidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas

Characterizing Colombian households regarding quality of life-based food insecurity.Colombian households' quality of life was determined using data from the quality of life survey carried out by the Colombian Statistics' Department in 2008. The Latin-American and Caribbean Household Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring the prevalence of household food insecurity(after having been adapted and validated for Colombia). Data was analyzed using the Chi square test and logistic regression analysis.The households having a higher probability of food insecurity were those owning their dwelling but still paying the mortgage or those who were in possession of a dwelling without ownership documents, households where income was deemed insufficient for covering minimum expenses or did not cover minimum expenses, those who stated that they felt poor and those living in overcrowded conditions. The probability of food insecurity was also increased in households where the head of the family had lost her/his job, where late payments of 4 months or more were due for public utilities, had decreased food expenses or had spent their savings.Household food Insecurity was significantly associated with a household's socioeconomic conditions and those of a head of household.

In the search for genetic markers for assessing the role of duct cells in pancreas growth, we examined whether carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) has ductal cell specificity. We determined the distribution and timing of CAII expression in mouse pancreas from embryonic stage to adult. The pancreatic ducts only start expressing CAII at embryonic day (E) 18.5, with increases after birth. Around E15.5, glucagon-positive cells, but not insulin-positive cells, also express CAII, with further increases by adult. CAII expression was restricted to cells within ductal structures and glucagon-positive cells with no colocalization with any insulin-positive cells at any time. In the human pancreas, CAII expression is restricted to the ducts. Furthermore, the activity of a 1.6-kb fragment of the human promoter with Luciferase assays was moderately strong compared with the cytomegalovirus promoter in human pancreatic duct cell line (PANC-1). Thus, we believe that the CAII gene could serve as a useful pancreatic duct cell marker.

With the increasing success of islet transplantation, beta-cell replacement therapy has had renewed interest. To make such a therapy available to more than a few of the thousands of patients with diabetes, new sources of insulin-producing cells must become readily available. The most promising sources are stem cells, whether embryonic or adult stem cells. Clearly identifiable adult pancreatic stem cells have yet to be characterized. Although considerable evidence suggests their possibility, recent lineage-tracing experiments challenge their existence. Even in light of these lineage-tracing experiments, we suggest that evidence for neogenesis or new islet formation after birth remains strong. Our work has suggested that the pancreatic duct epithelium itself serves as a pool for progenitors for both islet and acinar tissues after birth and into adulthood and, thus, that the duct epithelium can be considered 'facultative stem cells'. We will develop our case for this hypothesis in this perspective.

In this study the quality of health care provided in cases of the common cold and similar was studied. These diseases were selected to seek opportunities for improvement for health care professionals by the nominal group technique.A retrospective study of the health care procedures was carried out in randomized sample of cases attended in one month in eight health care centers randomly selected from among the centers in the Autonomic Community of Murcia. A total of 400 cases (50 per center) were studied with the variability among centers with regard to the fulfillment of consensus criteria (physical examination, treatment registration, and appropriate prescription) and the relationship with certain characteristics of the center (university, urban) and the health care staff (general physicians, or pediatricians) being analyzed.Great variability was found from one center to another regarding the criteria of physical examination and prescription, the simultaneous low fulfillment of the three criteria of quality (from 2 to 60%), the positive association between physical examination and the correct prescription (p0.01) and a higher level of quality in urban centers (OR: 7.5, p0.00001). Antibiotics were prescribed in 89% (CI 95%: +/- 4.6) of the cases with inappropriate prescription in 47% of the total (CI 95%: +/- 4.9; range among centers: from 4.1 to 75.7%).The quality of health care towards the common cold may be markedly improved in most of the centers studied. The frequency of the use of antibiotics and the lack of physical examination are the basis of problematic and ineffective performance, being more frequently observed in rural and semirural centers.

Fecha probable de imp., Lugar y fecha de imp. deducidos del texto y del doc. con sign. C-023-019 (4) sobre el mismo pleito, En port. orlada grab. xil. de la Virgen de las Angustias, idéntico al reproducido en el doc. A-044-119 (23), Enc. Holandesa, Sign.: [ ]2, B-K2

2 v. ; 31 cm Erros de pax. no T.II., de p. 1186 pasa a 1189 e de 1286 a 1289, erro tipográfico p. 1406 [i.e. 1396] trás p. 1395 Texto e port. fileteados, con apostilas marxinais [T.I.] : Parte primera (P. 1-383) ; Parte segunda (P. 385-537) -- T. II.: Parte tercera (P. 539-1409 (i.e. 1406)) Dous índices : 1. Indíce de las cosas mas notables -- 2. Indice de las cosas memorables deste segundo tomo