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Due to the lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment, gallbladder cancer(GBC) remains a malignant tumor with extremely high malignancy and poor prognosis. Therefore, high quality studies are required to break through the bottleneck in GBC diagnosis and treatment. This article reviewed the domestic and foreign GBC research published in 2021, presenting a comprehensive summary of the important advances in the field of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Latest epidemiological data and risk factors, emerging diagnostic methods of peripheral blood laboratory tests and imaging, new pathologic classification system, hot topics and controversies of surgical treatment as well as the dynamics of systemic treatment of GBC are reviewed in the article. The present findings may contribute to a more efficient means of diagnosis and treatment for GBC and hold the promise of improved outcomes for patients with GBC.胆囊癌的恶性程度极高，缺乏早期诊断方法和有效治疗手段，亟需高质量研究突破诊疗瓶颈。本文回顾了2021年国内外发表的胆囊癌研究相关文献，对临床诊疗领域的重要进展进行综述，详细介绍了胆囊癌最新流行病学数据及危险因素、新兴的外周血实验室检查和影像学诊断方法、病理学类型新分类、外科治疗的热点与争议及系统性综合治疗动态。这些研究结果有助于探索更有效的胆囊癌诊治方法，为改善胆囊癌患者的预后带来希望。.

On the basis of the first proposed soil layer composite ratio, a single comprehensive index calculation model of geological characteristics in the Caoqiao Tunnel, China, is established using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and WAM (weighted average method). A model of geological characteristics is then used to discriminate a number of geologically characteristic groups. The results show that the curve of key driving parameters of the earth pressure balanced (EPB) shield corresponds well with the curve of geological characteristics. Additionally, the optimization measures for the driving parameters under different geological conditions are put forward based on a correlation coefficient matrix. This research serves as a guide for future investigations into construction optimization of large-diameter EPB shields used in tunneling.

Nanostructured powders for aluminium-based composite reinforced with nanometric B4C particles were synthesised by cryomilling. The morphology evolution of Al/B4C powder during cryomilling was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of the composite powder, the dispersion of B4C particles in aluminium matrix, as well as the quality of Al/B4C interface after cryomilling were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Results revealed that morphology evolution could be attributed not only to the coupled effects of the plastic deformation, severe comminution and cold welding of the composite powder during cryomilling, but also to the ‘bridge-making’ mechanism of the nanometric B4C particles immersed in the liquid nitrogen. The average size of aluminium grains in the composite powder milled for 2 hours was measured as 100–200 nm. Furthermore, the homogeneous distribution of the nanometric B4C in aluminium ...

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an indeterminate grain legume considered adapted to dry environments, but the mechanisms of its adaptation are not well understood. Grass pea plants were exposed to terminal drought from podding, and the development of water deficit was measured together with its effects on leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carbon remobilisation to the seeds, flower production and abortion, pod production and abortion, seed set, seed growth and the neurotoxin -N-oxalyl-L-a, -diaminopropionic acid (-ODAP) concentration. Predawn leaf water potential ((leaf)), stomatal conductance (gs), rate of leaf photosynthesis (Pn), flower production, pod production, filled pod number, seed number, seed size and yield decreased, while flower abortion, pod abortion and seed abortion increased, and the concentration of -ODAP was unchanged under terminal drought conditions. gs and Pn began to decrease at a higher plant-available soil water content (PAWC) (67.2 +/- 2.3% and 62.9 +/- 2.3%) than (leaf) (43.7 +/- 1.1%). Flowers and pods ceased being produced only when the PAWC decreased below 40.1 +/- 4.6% and 35.3 +/- 3.0%, respectively, but seed set and seed growth ceased when PAWC decreased below 55.5 +/- 1.6% and 58.0 +/- 3.7%, respectively. The mobilization of C-13 labelled assimilates from the stems was greater under terminal drought than under well-watered conditions, but the transfer to the seed was small. We conclude that seed set and seed growth decreased as the soil dried due to a reduction in current photosynthesis as a result of stomatal closure.

Summary The TruView EVO2 laryngoscope was compared with the traditional Macintosh laryngoscope in 200 patients who required tracheal intubation for elective surgery. Mallampati score determined prior to laryngoscopy was significantly related to the view of the glottis during laryngoscopy for both laryngoscopes. The view of the larynx was better with the TruView EVO2 laryngoscope than with the Macintosh laryngoscope in patients with a Cormack and Lehane grade greater than 1 (p < 0.01). The mean time to intubate was significantly shorter with the Macintosh laryngoscope (34 s) than with the TruView laryngoscope (51 s) (p < 0.01).

IGFBP2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2), is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of cancers, and plays a role through regulating the concentration of IGF and promotes the development of neoplasm. The role of IGFBP2 in cancer is unclear, while in general it is considered to be oncogenic. In addition, IGFBP2 is closely connected with the level and prognosis of neoplasm. Large studies have been contributed to the relationship between IGFBP2 and cancer, but few are in the epigenetic field. In this study, we filtered differentially methylated sites in the cis regulatory region of IGFBP2, and found 25 and 9 sites in high and low expression groups. In the following survival analysis, we found two sites could distinguish the samples of long survival time from the short ones. This study filtered several epigenetic elements that regulate the expression of IGFBP2. They can be considered for the drug targets for regulating the expression of IGFBP2 and improving the therapeutic effect in cancer.