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In this article different multi-level inverter (MLI) configuration is introduced by a decreased quantity of power elements. At the output side the MLI topology generates the seven level voltage waveform with minimum number of components. The said topology configuration requires less dc voltage and power semiconductor switches. It also reduces the voltage block on switches, which reduces the inverter topology complexity and costs. Such capabilities were discovered by contrasting the topology to traditional topologies from the above perspectives. Testing were carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of the generalized MLI topology in both simulation and hardware, and the findings are presented for better understanding.

For providing the cost effective health care data, over years, analytic of health care big data has been playing a vital role, which is also applied for improving health service. The enormous amount of data, which is being generated unremittingly over a long time period, has put a great deal of stress on write performance as well as capability. Moreover retrieving the data that belongs to multiple clusters remains another challenging issue. If the data belongs to multiple clusters, while extracting data concentrates on only chosen cluster may results in losing the data. This paper proposes the way of solving the difficulty in retrieving data sets that belongs to multiple clusters i.e. clustering of health care big data using fuzzy c means algorithm. Working Process of fuzzy c means is by allocating memberships for each data point equivalent to each and every cluster midpoint based on the distance between luster midpoint and its data point. This type of fuzzy implementation can reduce data loss while clustering huge amounts of data.

Non conventional power devices viz. Photo voltaic cells are not seeing much of light due to a practical draw back that sun should be normal to the plane of the device all the times. But presently non conventional power devices are being installed in a fixed position and in a day, position of sun keeps changes from morning till evening with relative to the non conventional power device. Because of this practical difficulty most of the time very minimal power that emits from the sun will be utilized for generating electricity. To overcome this limitation a trailer system is needed which enables the non conventional power device to change its orientation (Rotates) continuously such that it always remains normal to the sun with which effectiveness of the non conventional power devices can be increased tremendously. Existing systems are having electronic controllers which are complex to handle and also costlier. Moreover they demand more power for their own controller and also their maintenance is tedious. Hence a trailer system which dispenses utility of so called complex electronic controller through the aid of mechanical elements is evolved for non conventional power applications. To start with all the subsystems of the proposed configuration are identified and sizing is evolved through design calculations. Further design adequacy has been assessed through Finite Element Analysis.

This paper highlights a surface modification technique to evaluate the mechanical properties like hardness and sliding wear resistance of cast Iron surface used in engineering. Basic sand casting mold was used and a portion of it was designed to accommodate the external mild steel chill (MSC). Chill accelerates the cooling rate of molten metal which leads to directional solidification. Cooling rate is directly proportional to formation of carbides in the form of iron carbide (Fe 3 C) near the chill end By controlling the flow of liquid nitrogen, the temperature of chills was reduced (upto -100 °C). Effect of using chills on mechanical properties like hardness and sliding wear resistance was evaluated and analyzed. The present work provides the effective chilling thickness, which gives higher hardness near the chilled surface and a fairly appreciable hardness conducive for a specific wear functional requirement. The mechanical properties of chilled cast iron (CCI) is compared with sub zero chilled cast iron (SZCCI) and normal cast iron without using chill. The present results clearly demonstrates that chilled cast iron has superior sliding wear resistance at the chilled surface, good machinibility away from the chilled end.

Comfort travel is order of the day for any automotives in spite of the road conditions. Suspension system holds whole and sole responsibility of providing comfort to the occupants. Intensity of the disturbance originated from road varies with its condition ranging from minimum in case of normal road (Moderately rough) to maximum in case of pot hole or speed breaker. Accordingly stiffness of the suspension system needs to vary which is not so with today's configuration. To provide solution to this problem a hybrid design has been evolved which will have provision for change over option between two springs with different stiffness values. To start with all the subsystems of the proposed design are identified and sizing of each is evolved through design. Further design adequacy has been assessed through Finite Element Analysis. Keywords: Suspension system, Hybrid system, Stiffness, Cyclic motion, Automobile, Shock loads.

Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium species) is grown as a perennial crop for production of high value essential oil, which finds application particularly in high-grade perfumery, cosmetic products and aromatherapy. A field investigation was carried out during 2001-02 to study the harvest of shoots of the crop on attainment of 4, 6 or 8 fully expanded leaves (FEL) and its effect on essential oil yield and quality under semi-arid tropics. Harvesting of shoots with 4 FEL produced 6 harvests / annum against 4 and 3 harvests per annum in the treatments representing harvest of shoots with 6 and 8 FEL, respectively. Highest biomass yield (18.1 t ha−1 annum−1) among the treatments was, however, observed in the treatment 8 FEL. On the contrary, essential oil content in the biomass of treatment of 4 FEL was 27.3 and 55.5% higher than 6 FEL and 8 FEL treatments, respectively. Similarly, estimated essential oil yield in the treatment of 4 FEL was 17.4 and 30.7% higher than 6 FEL and 8 FEL treatments, respectively. Fu...

SummaryAshwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal; Solanaceae) is being cultivated around the world mainly for its root which has rejuvenative properties. Field experiments during 1999–2001 under semi-arid tropical conditions of Hyderabad, India studied the effect of tillage depths (15 and 30 cm) and plant population densities (20, 40, 60 and 80 plants m–2) on root morphology, yield and quality and cultivation economics of ashwagandha. Preparatory tillage to 30 cm depth in combination with a density of 60 plants m–2 gave the highest root yield of 1.2 t ha–1 which was 50% higher than that following 15 cm tillage depth and the same density. This is attributed to the favourable effect of the former treatment leading to 33, 37 and 21% increases in plant height, number of branches per plant and shoot biomass yield, respectively. Further, this treatment produced most (68%) best quality root pieces. Main root length, length of lateral roots and diameter of lateral roots were significantly increased, while the diam...