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Los currículos que abordan la formación de ciudadanos centrada en principios rectores, tienden a lograr una educación basada en valores que los estudiantes continuarán en las universidades, hasta lograr su formación técnica o profesional. El presente estudio busca identificar los valores que resaltan en el quehacer de los estudiantes universitarios dentro del modelo educativo colombiano. Se apoya en la teoría de valores asumida por Touriñán (2008); Spluga (2011); Merma et al. (2013); y Savater (2017). La investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva, transeccional y no experimental. La población está conformada por ciento sesenta y cuatro (164) alumnos matriculados en el Programa Gastronomía de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Medellín – Colombia, para el II periodo de 2019, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra probabilística de treinta y nueve (39) estudiantes. Los resultados revelan que los educandos otorgan más importancia a valores como: Responsabilidad, honradez, respeto y felicidad, que a otros como: Trabajo, solidaridad, capacidad de reflexión e independencia. Se concluye, que aun cuando los valores de los estudiantes se consolidan a lo largo de un proceso continuo que comienza en la familia, en la universidad hay que profundizar sus conductas para lograr profesionales integrales y competentes.

Blackleg, caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp., is an important disease of potatoes. During the period from November 20 and March 2021, stems of potato plants showing necrosis and rot symptoms, and chlorotic leaves, were collected from commercial production areas of the Mayabeque province of Cuba (Fig. 1A). After disinfestation of affected stems, small fragments of the stem were cut and macerated in a sterile 0.85% NaCl solution. Serial dilutions of bacterial suspension were prepared and streaked onto nutrient agar in Petri plates. Two colonies per sample showing the characteristic of "fried egg" were selected for further investigation, and an isolated was selected and named D7. The isolated bacterium was rod shaped, gram-negative, motile, oxidase and indole production negative, with anaerobic growth, and able to use lactose as carbon source in Mac Conkey Agar medium. One colony of the isolate D7 was selected and multiplied. Total DNA of the bacteria cells was extracted and used to amplify the genes pelADE (Nassar et al., 1996) and gapA (Cigna et al., 2017), to differentiate Dickeya from Pectobacterium. The sequence obtained showed 99.75% and 99.88% nucleotide identity with Dickeya solani for pelADE (Genbank accession number ON644347) and gapA (Genbank accession number ON644346), respectively. To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate D7, four 15-day-old potato plants, including two plants of each 'Otolia' and 'Naima' potatoes were inoculated with a bacterial suspension of the isolate D7 (108 CFU/ml) in sterile water by stabbing. Control plants were stabbed with sterile water. Inoculated plants were maintained at 28°C, relative humidity of about 90%, and at 12 h light/12 h dark, as described by (Chen et al. 2014). After 3 to 5 days, typical blackleg disease symptoms (water-soaked lesions and necrosis) developed at the inoculated areas of plants (Fig. 1B). No symptom was observed in the control plants. Bacterium was re-isolated from symptomatic plants and the isolates had the same cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics to the isolate D7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. solani causing blackleg in potato fields in Cuba. Further studies to determine the spread of this pathogen in potato producing areas in Cuba is underway.

Introducción: La parálisis cerebral infantil es un trastorno neurológico que afecta a la función motora, así como el control muscular, la coordinación y el movimiento. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el desarrollo motor de un niño con parálisis cerebral discinética de tipo distónica mediante el abordaje fisioterapéutico integral. Descripción del Caso: Se presenta un niño de 2 años con parálisis cerebral discinética de tipo distónica con prematurez. Intervención: Utilizando la Escala de Gesell, se realizó una evaluación inicial. Se aplicó un tratamiento fisioterapéutico específico de 2 veces por semana durante 3 meses. Se actúa sobre su desarrollo motriz, psicosocial, lenguaje y adaptativo. Al final, se evaluó nuevamente el desarrollo con la misma escala. Resultados y discusión: La edad límite que obtuvo en la evaluación basal fue de 7 meses de edad. Después de la intervención se pudo observar una mejora en su control postural, en sus reacciones posturales y de equilibrio. La evolución del niño después del tratamiento fisioterapéutico fue favorable en el periodo evaluado, según los resultados obtenidos. La evaluación final con la Escala de Gesell dio una edad límite de 1 año 4 meses. Conclusión: El programa corto de fisioterapia aplicado al paciente mostró efectos favorables en su desarrollo psicomotriz.

Vision begins when light is captured by the outer segment organelle of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Outer segments are modified cilia filled with hundreds of flattened disk-shaped membranes. Disk membranes are separated from the surrounding plasma membrane, and each membrane type has unique protein components. The mechanisms underlying this protein sorting remain entirely unknown. In this study, we investigated the outer segment delivery of the rod cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel, which is located in the outer segment plasma membrane, where it mediates the electrical response to light. UsingXenopusand mouse models of both sexes, we now show that the targeted delivery of the CNG channel to the outer segment uses the conventional secretory pathway, including protein processing in both ER and Golgi, and requires preassembly of its constituent α1 and β1 subunits. We further demonstrate that the N-terminal glutamic acid-rich protein (GARP) domain of CNGβ1 contains two distinct functional regions. The glutamic acid-rich region encodes specific information targeting the channel to rod outer segments. The adjacent proline-enriched region connects the CNG channel to photoreceptor disk rims, likely through an interaction with peripherin-2. These data reveal fine functional specializations within the structural domains of the CNG channel and suggest that its sequestration to the outer segment plasma membrane requires an interaction with peripherin-2.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons and other differentiated cells have a remarkable ability to deliver and organize signaling proteins at precise subcellular locations. We now report that the CNG channel, mediating the electrical response to light in rod photoreceptors, contains two specialized regions within the N terminus of its β-subunit: one responsible for delivery of this channel to the ciliary outer segment organelle and another for subsequent channel sequestration into the outer segment plasma membrane. These findings expand our understanding of the molecular specializations used by neurons to populate their critical functional compartments.

En el presente trabajo consiste en describir la jerarquía de los valores en los estudiantes del Programa Negocios Internacionales de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Económicas y Contables de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó – Medellín - Colombia. El estudio se apoya en la teoría de valores asumida por Savater (2016); Spluga (2011); Merma et al, (2013); Trouriñán (2008) entre otros. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la alta importancia que los estudiantes establecieron a los valores respeto, honradez, responsabilidad y felicidad mientras que los alumnos dan poca importancia a los valores independencia, capacidad de reflexión, trabajo y tolerancia. Se puede concluir que el ser humano va conformando sus valores desde la infancia, siendo el núcleo familiar en el principal medio influenciador; seguido por el contexto social y cultural con el que interactúa que le va definiendo sus conductas; por lo tanto, el individuo se encuentra en constante procesos de transformación en el contacto con el otro.

espanolPresentamos un resumen de las actividades que algunos de los profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de Murcia han llevado a cabo durante las 3 semanas previas a las vacaciones de primavera. Durante este tiempo, debido a la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, la docencia presencial tuvo que ser sustituida por actividades en linea o virtuales, a causa de la implantacion del estado de alarma en Espana que motivo el cierre completo de las Universidades desde el 13 de marzo de 2020. Las experiencias son de Traumatologia, Matematicas, Medicina Legal, Medicina del Sistema Cardiovascular, Periodoncia y Odontologia Preventiva y Comunitaria. EnglishWe present a summary of the activities that some of the professors of theFaculty of Medicine of Murcia have carried out during the 3 weeks prior to springbreak. In these, face-to-face teaching had to be replaced by online or virtualactivities, due to the implementation of the state of alarm in Spain, which led to thecomplete closure of the Universities since March 13, 2020. The activities are fromTraumatology, Mathematics, Cardiovascular Medicine, Periodontics and Preventive Odontology.

Balamuthia mandrillaris are free-living amoebae (FLA) which are parasites within both humans and animals causing a wide range of sicknesses and acting as vehicles for many microorganisms such as mycobacterium. We present two young male patients, who died with highly unusual mixed infections involving Balamuthia or Balamuthia-like amoebae in the brain tissues plus Mycobacteria, one tuberculous encephalitis and the other cutaneous. Case 1 was a 21-year-old Hispanic male with 1 month of global headache, nausea, vomiting, fever (39 °C), confusion, and garbled speech, as well as pulmonary tuberculosis 1 year ago with possible meningeal TB at the time of admission to the hospital. The patient never developed skin injuries, and he died after 65 days of hospitalization, in August 2006. Case 2 was a 28-year-old male patient with mild parietal headache of 3-week evolution, associated at the beginning with light dizziness, with neurological examination at his normal admission. Twenty-five days later, he presented mental confusion and psychomotor agitation, and in the next 3 h, he suffered from cardiorespiratory arrest, being referred to intensive care; brain death was verified, and he died on January 8, 2005. To the best of our knowledge, these two cases are the first case reports of Balamuthia-like and Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Balamuthia mandrillaris and Mycobacterium sp. from Peru and are presented for academic interest.

Caso clínico: Masculino de 52 años a quien se diagnostica linfedema penoscrotal primario tardío gigante, que fue tratado con linfangiectomía más reconstrucción de los genitales. En su seguimiento de un año, no ha habido recurrencia de la enfermedad y se logra conservar la función sexual. Relevancia: El linfedema penoscrotal gigante es una condición patológica de muy baja incidencia, pero con alto impacto en la morbilidad; Se desencadena por la acumulación de líquido rico en proteínas en el tejido celular subcutáneo, que genera deformidad, pérdida de la función sexual e infecciones por repetición. Implicaciones clínicas: Esta entidad clínica condiciona deterioro de la calidad de vida en los pacientes, ya que provoca malestar para la deambulación y sobre todo produce deterioro de la función sexual. Discusión y conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de esta afección representa actualmente la mejor opción terapéutica, ya que previene la progresión de la enfermedad, la deformidad y preserva la función. La mejor de las técnicas es la linfangiectomía más la reconstrucción de los genitales, la cual se describe en el presente caso con evolución favorable.

El presente volumen es una recopilación de textos del Prof. Eduardo García de Enterría (1923-2013), reconocido unánimemente como uno de los grandes juristas europeos del siglo XX. Lebaniego ejerciente, era también, entre otros muchos títulos que se destacan en el Estudio Preliminar, Hijo Predilecto de Cantabria y Dr. honoris causa por la Universidad de su tierra. El libro empieza con un Estudio Presentación sobre la vida y el significado intelectual de la obra de García de Enterría a cargo del Prof. L. Martín Rebollo, que ha seleccionado seis trabajos divulgativos de carácter jurídico, histórico y antropológico fácilmente accesibles y representativos de la faceta intelectual y humana de su autor.

The genus Naegleria consists of free-living amoebae widely distributed worldwide in soil and freshwater habitats. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is an uncommon and most likely fatal disease. The incubation period is approximately 7 days. The first symptoms are headache, nasal congestion, fever, vomiting, stiff neck within 3-4 days after the first symptoms, confusion, abnormal behavior, seizures, loss of balance and body control, coma, and death. We describe the case of a child who presented with PAM due to Naegleria sp., fully recovered from the infection without apparent sequels after treatment with a regimen that included miltefosine and voriconazole.

The strategies for controlling the insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda have been developing over the past four decades; however, the insecticide resistance and the remarkable adaptability of this insect have hindered its success. This review first analyzes the different chemical compounds currently available and the most promising options to control S. frugiperda. Then, we analyze the metabolites obtained from plant extracts with antifeedant, repellent, insecticide, or ovicide effects that could be environmentally friendly options for developing botanical S. frugiperda insecticides. Subsequently, we analyze the biological control based on the use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasitoids against this pest. Finally, the use of sex pheromones to monitor this pest is analyzed. The advances reviewed could provide a wide panorama to guide the search for new pesticidal strategies but focused on environmental sustainability against S. frugiperda.

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by free-living amoebae is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose and hard to treat, generally being fatal. Anti-amoebic treatment is often delayed because clinical signs and symptoms may hide the probable causing agent misleading the appropriate diagnostic test. There are four genera of free-living amoeba associated with human infection, Naegleria, Acanthamoeba sp., Balamuthia and Sappinia. Two boys were admitted with diagnosis of acute encephalitis. The history of having been in contact with swimming pools and rivers, supports the suspicion of an infection due to free-living amoebae. In both cases a brain biopsy was done, the histology confirmed granulomatous amoebic encephalitis with the presence of amoebic trophozoites.

RESUMEN La tuberculosis cutánea representa menos del 2% de todos los casos de la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Su baja prevalencia, asociada a la amplia variedad en la presentación clínica de las lesiones, dificulta y retrasa el diagnóstico y, por tanto, el inicio del tratamiento. El siguiente es el caso de una paciente de 80 años, con una lesión ulcerada, crónica, en pabellón auricular izquierdo, con evolución tórpida y pobre respuesta al manejo farmacológico instaurado; con biopsia de piel que mostró reacción inflamatoria crónica y presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes.

Aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a very common entrapment neuropathy characterized by pain and paresthesia in the territory of the median nerve. Although this syndrome has a considerable impact on the patient's quality of life, its medical treatment is far from optimal. Material & methods: We performed an observational study to evaluate Nucleo CMP ForteTM in patients with electromyography-confirmed, mild–moderate CTS. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale, electromyogram and the SF-36. Results: Pain decreased significantly after 6 months. Quality of life improved significantly in the pain dimensions. No significant differences were observed in electromyographic findings. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Nucleotides could prove useful for the nonsurgical treatment of CTS. Further studies are necessary to confirm this.

Objetivo Evaluar la exactitud diagnostica del Indice de Riesgo de Malignidad II (IRM II) en 100 pacientes con diagnostico de masa anexial. Metodo En una muestra de 100 pacientes con diagnostico de masa anexial se cuantificaron variables demograficas y se aplico el IRM II. Mediante una tabla 2 × 2 se obtuvieron la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo, el valor predictivo negativo y la exactitud diagnostica, y se compararon con el resultado histopatologico. Resultados El IRM II con resultado positivo se presento en el 73.1% (52 pacientes) de los casos con resultado histopatologico maligno y en el 26.9% de aquellos con resultado histopatologico benigno. Presenta una sensibilidad en la prueba del 73.1%, una especificidad del 70.8%, un valor predictivo positivo del 73.2% y un valor predictivo negativo del 70.8%. La exactitud diagnostica es del 72%. Conclusiones El IRM II es una herramienta de cribaje con aceptable desempeno diagnostico para normar la conducta, como referir a un centro especializado o solicitar estudios mas especificos en pacientes con diagnostico de masa anexial por sospecha de malignidad. Objective Evaluate the usefulness of the Malignancy Risk Index II (MRI II) using diagnostic accuracy variables in 100 patients diagnosed with adnexal mass. Method In a sample of 100 patients with a diagnosis of adnexal mass, demographic variables were quantified and MRI II was applied. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were obtained using a 2 × 2 table and compared with the histopathological result. Results MRI II with positive result was presented in 73.1% (52 patients) with malignant histopathological result and in 26.9% of patients with benign histopathological result. It presents a sensitivity in the test of 73.1%, a specificity of 70.8%, positive and negative predictive value of 73.2 and 70.8%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of 72%. Conclusions MRI II is a screening tool with acceptable diagnostic performance to regulate behavior, such as referring to a specialized center or requesting more specific studies in patients diagnosed with adnexal mass due to suspected malignancy.