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42,647 results on '"Y Ma"'

1. The influence of laser focusing conditions on the direct laser acceleration of electrons

Author

H Tang, K Tangtartharakul, R Babjak, I-L Yeh, F Albert, H Chen, P T Campbell, Y Ma, P M Nilson, B K Russell, J L Shaw, A G R Thomas, M Vranic, A V Arefiev, and L Willingale

Subjects
direct laser acceleration, laser-plasma interaction, electron acceleration, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Direct laser acceleration of electrons during a high-energy, picosecond laser interaction with an underdense plasma has been demonstrated to be substantially enhanced by controlling the laser focusing geometry. Experiments using the OMEGA EP facility measured electrons accelerated to maximum energies exceeding 120 times the ponderomotive energy under certain laser focusing, pulse energy, and plasma density conditions. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the laser focusing conditions alter the laser field evolution, channel fields generation, and electron oscillation, all of which contribute to the final electron energies. The optimal laser focusing condition occurs when the transverse oscillation amplitude of the accelerated electron in the channel fields matches the laser beam width, resulting in efficient energy gain. Through this observation, a simple model was developed to calculate the optimal laser focal spot size in more general conditions and is validated by experimental data.

Published
2024
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2. Effects of Glutamine on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response in Heat-Stressed Broilers

Author

QJ Wu, ZH Liu, C Jiao, BY Cheng, SW Li, Y Ma, YQ Wang, and Y Wang

Subjects
Broilers, Glutamine, Heat stress, Intestinal mucosa immune function, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

ABSTRACT To investigate the protective effect of glutamine (Gln) on lymphocyte proliferation and the intestinal mucosal immune response in heat-stressed broilers, 360 21-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were assigned to 4 groups in a completely randomized design, each of which included 6 replicates with 15 birds per replicate for 21 days. The chickens were fed a basal diet under no stress (NS group), a basal diet under heat stress (HT group), or a basal diet under heat stress with the addition of either 0.5 % or 1.0 % Gln. The results showed that the broilers in the HT group exhibited fewer proliferating peripheral lymphocytes, a lower growth performance, phagocytic rate and index of neutrophils, fewer goblet cells in whole intestine and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) cells in the ileum, a lower sIgA content in the duodenum and the jejunum, a lower immunoglobulin content of serum and intestinal mucosa, than those of the NS group (p

Published
2021
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3. Effects of Glutamine on the Mucosal Structure and Immune Cells in the Intestines of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis

Author

Z Liu, Q Wu, C Jiao, B Cheng, D Zhu, Y Ma, Y Li, and W Li

Subjects
Glutamine, intestinal villi, mucosal immunity, Salmonella Enteritidis, broiler, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal mucosal structure and immune cells of broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. 160 1-d-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly selected to receive one of four treatments, each of which had 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 8 chicks subjected to a 21-d feeding trial. Group I served as the unchallenged (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. The birds in groups III and IV were treated with 0.5% and 1.0% Gln. The results showed that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the relative length and weight, villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) of the jejunum and ileum, the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and number of goblet cells and an increase in the number of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the CON group (p

Published
2020
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4. Effect of glutamine on the blood biochemistry and the activity of serum enzymes in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis

Author

Q J WU, S W LI, Z H LIU, C JIAO, D D ZHU, Y MA, Y Q WANG, Y WANG, and X H WU

Subjects
Biochemical parameters, Broiler, Glutamine, Hematological parameters, Salmonella enteritidis, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on blood biochemistry and activity of serum enzymes in broilers challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were distributed into four groups treated in a completely randomized design for 21 days. The groups included a noninfection control (CON); infected with S. enteritidis (SCC); infected +0.5% Gln (Gln 1), and infected +1.0% Gln (Gln 2). The plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentration, AST, LDH and CK activity in SCC group were lower than the CON overall except the albumin at 14, 21 d, and CK at 14 d. SCC group had lower RBC at 7 d; lower MCHC at 14 d; higher MCHC, and MCH at 7 d, or 21 d; higher WBC at d 7, 14, and 21; higher γ-GGT activity at d 14, and 21than the CON group. Gln group had higher plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentration, AST, LDH and CK activity than those in SCC overall except the albumin at 14, 21 d, and CK at 14 d. Gln group had higher RBC at 7 d; higher MCHC at 14 d; lower MCHC, and MCH at 7 d, or 21 d; lower WBC at d 7, 14, and 21, and lower γ-GGT activity at d 14, and 21 than the SCC group. These results suggest that Gln could effective improve the physiological responses and maintain the normal health status of S. enteritidis infection of broilers.

Published
2020
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5. Parametric study of high-energy ring-shaped electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator

Author

A Maitrallain, E Brunetti, M J V Streeter, B Kettle, R Spesyvtsev, G Vieux, M Shahzad, B Ersfeld, S R Yoffe, A Kornaszewski, O Finlay, Y Ma, F Albert, N Bourgeois, S J D Dann, N Lemos, S Cipiccia, J M Cole, I G González, L Willingale, A Higginbotham, A E Hussein, M Šmid, K Falk, K Krushelnick, N C Lopes, E Gerstmayr, C Lumsdon, O Lundh, S P D Mangles, Z Najmudin, P P Rajeev, D R Symes, A G R Thomas, and D A Jaroszynski

Subjects
laser–plasma wakefield accelerators, parametric study, annular electron beams, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Laser wakefield accelerators commonly produce on-axis, low-divergence, high-energy electron beams. However, a high charge, annular shaped beam can be trapped outside the bubble and accelerated to high energies. Here we present a parametric study on the production of low-energy-spread, ultra-relativistic electron ring beams in a two-stage gas cell. Ring-shaped beams with energies higher than 750 MeV are observed simultaneously with on axis, continuously injected electrons. Often multiple ring shaped beams with different energies are produced and parametric studies to control the generation and properties of these structures were conducted. Particle tracking and particle-in-cell simulations are used to determine properties of these beams and investigate how they are formed and trapped outside the bubble by the wake produced by on-axis injected electrons. These unusual femtosecond duration, high-charge, high-energy, ring electron beams may find use in beam driven plasma wakefield accelerators and radiation sources.

Published
2022
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6. Investigation on spheroidization of refractory tungsten powders by laminar DC plasma torch

Author

Y Ma, W Ke, K Yang, and X D Zhu

Subjects
spheroidization, tungsten powder, laminar DC plasma torch, OES measurements, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The spherical tungsten powders were prepared by a low-power DC laminar plasma torch. At a discharge current of 50 A, the tungsten powder fed downstream cannot be spheroidized by using Ar discharge, while a small number of spherical particles can be observed with upstream feeding. When N _2 is added to the working gas, the input power is increased to maintain the same discharge current, which leads to the increase of plasma jet length, thereby expanding the effective high temperature region. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements show that the electron excitation temperature of N _2 -Ar mixed discharge is higher than that of argon discharge. In addition, compared with argon plasma, N _2 -Ar mixed gas plasma has larger thermal conductivity due to the molecular dissociation. Therefore, the heat is more efficiently transferred from the plasma to the tungsten particles. The improvement of plasma jet and heat transfer characteristics by introducing nitrogen into the discharge contributes to the increase of spheroidization rate. EDS analysis shows that the oxygen content in the tungsten particles decreases after spheroidization, which is caused by the evaporation of tungsten oxide during plasma treatment.

Published
2022
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7. Towards the optimisation of direct laser acceleration

Author

A E Hussein, A V Arefiev, T Batson, H Chen, R S Craxton, A S Davies, D H Froula, Z Gong, D Haberberger, Y Ma, P M Nilson, W Theobald, T Wang, K Weichman, G J Williams, and L Willingale

Subjects
electron acceleration, laser-plasma, magnetic field, plasma physics, laser plasma accelerators, electron heating, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Experimental measurements using the OMEGA EP laser facility demonstrated direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electron beams to (505 ± 75) MeV with (140 ± 30) nC of charge from a low-density plasma target using a 400 J, picosecond duration pulse. Similar trends of electron energy with target density are also observed in self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The intensity of the laser pulse is sufficiently large that the electrons are rapidly expelled along the laser pulse propagation axis to form a channel. The dominant acceleration mechanism is confirmed to be DLA and the effect of quasi-static channel fields on energetic electron dynamics is examined. A strong channel magnetic field, self-generated by the accelerated electrons, is found to play a comparable role to the transverse electric channel field in defining the boundary of electron motion.

Published
2021
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8. An ultra-compact x-ray free-electron laser

Author

J B Rosenzweig, N Majernik, R R Robles, G Andonian, O Camacho, A Fukasawa, A Kogar, G Lawler, Jianwei Miao, P Musumeci, B Naranjo, Y Sakai, R Candler, B Pound, C Pellegrini, C Emma, A Halavanau, J Hastings, Z Li, M Nasr, S Tantawi, P. Anisimov, B Carlsten, F Krawczyk, E Simakov, L Faillace, M Ferrario, B Spataro, S Karkare, J Maxson, Y Ma, J Wurtele, A Murokh, A Zholents, A Cianchi, D Cocco, and S B van der Geer

Subjects
free-electron laser, high accelerating gradient, inverse free-electron laser, high brightness beams, cryogenic accelerator, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In the field of beam physics, two frontier topics have taken center stage due to their potential to enable new approaches to discovery in a wide swath of science. These areas are: advanced, high gradient acceleration techniques, and x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). Further, there is intense interest in the marriage of these two fields, with the goal of producing a very compact XFEL. In this context, recent advances in high gradient radio-frequency cryogenic copper structure research have opened the door to the use of surface electric fields between 250 and 500 MV m ^−1 . Such an approach is foreseen to enable a new generation of photoinjectors with six-dimensional beam brightness beyond the current state-of-the-art by well over an order of magnitude. This advance is an essential ingredient enabling an ultra-compact XFEL (UC-XFEL). In addition, one may accelerate these bright beams to GeV scale in less than 10 m. Such an injector, when combined with inverse free electron laser-based bunching techniques can produce multi-kA beams with unprecedented beam quality, quantified by 50 nm-rad normalized emittances. The emittance, we note, is the effective area in transverse phase space ( x , p _x / m _e c ) or ( y , p _y / m _e c ) occupied by the beam distribution, and it is relevant to achievable beam sizes as well as setting a limit on FEL wavelength. These beams, when injected into innovative, short-period (1–10 mm) undulators uniquely enable UC-XFELs having footprints consistent with university-scale laboratories. We describe the architecture and predicted performance of this novel light source, which promises photon production per pulse of a few percent of existing XFEL sources. We review implementation issues including collective beam effects, compact x-ray optics systems, and other relevant technical challenges. To illustrate the potential of such a light source to fundamentally change the current paradigm of XFELs with their limited access, we examine possible applications in biology, chemistry, materials, atomic physics, industry, and medicine—including the imaging of virus particles—which may profit from this new model of performing XFEL science.

Published
2020
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9. Figuring the World of Home-School Relationships

Author

Fabienne Doucet, Jasmine Y. Ma, and Charulata Dyal

Abstract

This article uses figured worlds to explore the limit-situations imposed by dominant narratives of home-school relationships. Through a semiotic analysis of a wall hanging in a preschool classroom, we explore what figured worlds are imagined as possible for home-school relationships. The dominant narratives implicit in these figured worlds ossify configurations of home and school that privilege ways of being and knowing that exclude, reject, or demonize the experiences of culturally, linguistically, and socioeconomically diverse families.

Published
2024
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10. Multi-electron beam generation using co-propagating, parallel laser beams

Author

J Elle, T Z Zhao, Y Ma, K Behm, A Lucero, A Maksimchuk, J A Nees, A G R Thomas, A Schmitt-Sody, and K Krushelnick

Subjects
lasers, accelerators, plasmas, particle sources, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

High intensity short pulse laser plasma interaction experiments were performed to investigate laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) in the ‘bubble’ regime. Using a specially designed phase plate, two high intensity laser focal spots were generated adjacent to each other with a transverse spacing of 70 μ m and were focused onto a low density plasma target. We found that this configuration generated two simultaneous relativistic electron beams from LWFA (with low divergence) and that these beams often interact strongly with each other for longer propagation distances in the plasma thus reducing beam quality. In addition, it was observed that the existence of an adjacent laser driven wakefield significantly reduced the self-trapping threshold for injection of electrons. Numerical modeling of these interactions demonstrated similar phenomena and also showed that electron beam properties can be affected through precise control of the phase and polarization of the incident laser beam.

Published
2018
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11. The complete mitochondrial genomes of three bristletails (Insecta: Archaeognatha): the paraphyly of Machilidae and insights into archaeognathan phylogeny.

Author

Y Ma, K He, P Yu, D Yu, X Cheng, and J Zhang

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The order Archaeognatha was an ancient group of Hexapoda and was considered as the most primitive of living insects. Two extant families (Meinertellidae and Machilidae) consisted of approximately 500 species. This study determined 3 complete mitochondrial genomes and 2 nearly complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the bristletail. The size of the 5 mitochondrial genome sequences of bristletail were relatively modest, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. The gene orders were identical to that of Drosophila yakuba and most bristletail species suggesting a conserved genome evolution within the Archaeognatha. In order to estimate archaeognathan evolutionary relationships, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, with four different computational algorithms (NJ, MP, ML and BI). Based on the results, the monophyly of the family Machilidae was challenged by both datasets (W12 and G12 datasets). The relationships among archaeognathan subfamilies seemed to be tangled and the subfamily Machilinae was also believed to be a paraphyletic group in our study.

Published
2015
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14. Mutagenesis in four candidate heparin binding regions (residues 279-282, 291-304, 390-393, and 439-448) and identification of residues affecting heparin binding of human lipoprotein lipase.

Author

Y Ma, H E Henderson, M S Liu, H Zhang, I J Forsythe, I Clarke-Lewis, M R Hayden, and J D Brunzell

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) interaction with membrane-associated polyanions is a critical component of normal catalytic function. Two strong candidate binding regions, rich in arginine and lysine residues, have been defined in the N-terminal domain (aa279-282 and aa292-304) that show homology to the heparin-binding consensus sequences -X-B-B-X-B-X- and -X-B-B-B-X-X-B-X-, respectively. Additional candidate regions appear in the C-terminal domain, (residues 390-393), which are homologous to the thrombospondin heparin-binding repeat, and the positively charged terminal decapeptide (residues 439-448). To determine residues and domains critical to heparin binding, we have generated different LPL mutants that have alanine substitutions of single arginine and lysine residues and sequence interchanges with the homologous hepatic (HL) and pancreatic (PL) lipases. The mutant cDNAs were expressed in COS-1 cells and catalytically active mutants were assessed for binding to heparin-Sepharose. All the alanine substitutions within the two regions homologous to the heparin-binding consensus sequences in the N-terminal domain either abolished activity or produced a lowering of heparin binding affinity. None of the mutants in the C-terminal domain of LPL showed a loss of activity or a reduction in heparin binding affinity. These data demonstrate that charged residues at positions 279-282 and 292-304 of LPL are important for heparin binding affinity whereas the residues 390-393 and 439-448 in the C-terminal domain are not involved in heparin binding.

Published
1994
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15. High frequency of mutations in the human lipoprotein lipase gene in pregnancy-induced chylomicronemia: possible association with apolipoprotein E2 isoform.

Author

Y Ma, T C Ooi, M S Liu, H Zhang, R McPherson, A L Edwards, I J Forsythe, J Frohlich, J D Brunzell, and M R Hayden

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Partial deficiency in lipolysis usually results in only mild disturbances of lipid levels. However, when this is associated with impairment of the uptake of remnant particles and increased production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins stimulated by environmental factors such as during normal pregnancy, chylomicronemia may ensue. We have previously reported a patient who had approximately 12% of normal LPL activity and developed severe chylomicronemia during pregnancy (Ma et al. 1993. J. Clin. Invest. 91: 1953-1958). Here we report four new patients with pregnancy-induced chylomicronemia. In the nonpregnant state, these patients had mild to modest elevation of triglyceride levels ranging from 80 to 623 mg/dl (0.9-7.0 mmol/l) but during the third trimester they became severely chylomicronemic with triglyceride levels ranging from 2314 to 14,596 mg/dl (26 to 164 mmol/l). Three of these four patients had partial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency. The molecular characterization of the LPL gene in these three patients with partial LPL deficiency revealed four novel unpublished mutations. Patient #1 is a compound heterozygote for Leu252Arg and Ala261Thr mutations which are associated with 25% of normal LPL activity. In addition, she has an apoE3/2 genotype. Patient #2 is a heterozygote for a Asn291Ser substitution with 69% of LPL activity and also has an apoE3/2 genotype, while patient #3 is a heterozygote for a Trp382Stop mutation with 54% of normal LPL activity and has an apoE4/2 genotype. The fourth patient (#4) with pregnancy-induced chylomicronemia does not have LPL deficiency and has an apoE3/3 genotype. The previously reported patient (#5) who had 12% of normal LPL activity due to homozygosity for a Ser172Cys mutation also has an E3/3 genotype. Our data suggest that mutations in the LPL gene that cause partial LPL deficiency might be a frequent factor in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced chylomicronemia.

Published
1994
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16. Structure-function relationships of lipoprotein lipase: mutation analysis and mutagenesis of the loop region

Author

HE Henderson, Y Ma, MS Liu, I Clark-Lewis, DL Maeder, JJ Kastelein, JD Brunzell, and MR Hayden

Subjects
Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The molecular models of two microbial lipases and human pancreatic lipase (PL) have suggested the existence of common structural motifs including a buried active site shielded by an amphipathic surface loop. In an effort to explore the role of residues comprising the loop of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), we have used site-directed mutagenesis to generate three new LPL variants. In variant LPLM1 we deleted 18 amino acids leaving a loop of only 4 residues which resulted in an LPL protein inactive against triolein substrates. In contrast, two other LPL variants with only partial deletions, involving the apical section of the loop [LPLM2 (-8 amino acids) and LPLM3 (-2 amino acids)] manifested normal lipolytic activity. These findings indicate a critical requirement for the maintenance of charge and periodicity in the proximal and distal segments of the LPL loop in normal catalytic function. This is further highlighted by the detection of a mutation in the proximal section of the loop in a patient with LPL deficiency at position 225 which results in a substitution of threonine for isoleucine. The intact catalytic activity of the partial deletion variants (LPLM2 and LPLM3) further suggests that the apical residues of the loop contribute minimally to the functional motifs of the active site. We support this postulate by showing that the conserved glycine in the apical turn section (G229) can be substituted by glutamine, lysine, proline, or threonine without significantly affecting catalytic activity.

Published
1993
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17. Integration of Si-Interposer and High Density MIM Capacitor on 2.5D Foveros Face-to-Face Architecture.

Author

Christopher Pelto, R. Aggarwal, R. Ahan, M. Armstrong, M. Bebek, M. Blount, S. Chowdhury, J. Chuah, C. Connor, T. DeBonis, B. Dhayal, A. Dougless, S. Gokhale, A. Jain, V. Javvaji, K. Kamisetty, G. Kim, J. Kpetehoto, C. Kuan, C. Lin, G. Liu, Y. Ma, G. Mcpherson, S. Mokler, Christopher Perini, R. Ramaswamy, Bernhard Sell, R. Subramaniam, James Waldemer, D. Wei, Y. Yang, J. Yaung, B. Sabi, and S. Natarajan

Published
2024
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23. Calculated high-pressure structural properties, lattice dynamics and quasi particle band structures of perovskite fluorides KZnF 3 , CsCaF 3 and BaLiF 3

Author

G, Vaitheeswaran, V, Kanchana, X, Zhang, Y, Ma, A, Svane, and NE, Christensen

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A detailed study of the high-pressure structural properties, lattice dynamics and band structures of perovskite structured fluorides KZnF3, CsCaF3 and BaLiF3 has been carried out by means of density functional theory. The calculated structural properties including elastic constants and equation of state agree well with available experimental information. The phonon dispersion curves are in good agreement with available experimental inelastic neutron scattering data. The electronic structures of these fluorides have been calculated using the quasi particle self-consistent [Formula: see text] approximation. The [Formula: see text] calculations reveal that all the fluorides studied are wide band gap insulators, and the band gaps are significantly larger than those obtained by the standard local density approximation, thus emphasizing the importance of quasi particle corrections in perovskite fluorides.

Published
2016
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28. Real-Time Operation of Silicon Photonic Neurons.

Author

Thomas Ferreira de Lima, Chaoran Huang 0004, Simon Bilodeau, Alexander N. Tait, Hsuan-Tung Peng, Philip Y. Ma, Eric C. Blow, Bhavin J. Shastri, and Paul R. Prucnal

Published
2020

29. SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Gene Co-expression Network Analyses of the Placental Transcriptome

Author

K, Moore, primary, RH, Jessel, additional, B, Dubois, additional, A, Mills, additional, E, Kaplowitz, additional, E, Ibroci, additional, S, Orhn, additional, M, Graziani, additional, F, Dekio, additional, R I, Brody, additional, Y, Ma, additional, FA, Gigase, additional, W, Lieb, additional, T, Janevic, additional, MM, Perez-Rodriguez, additional, V, Bergink, additional, LD, De Witte, additional, A, Rommel, additional, J, Chen, additional, and C, Lesseur, additional

Published
2024
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30. Graphene-sandwiched spike

Author

J, Xu, additional, X, Gao, additional, L, Zheng, additional, X, Jia, additional, K, Xu, additional, Y, Ma, additional, X, Wei, additional, N, Liu, additional, H, Peng, additional, and HW, Wang, additional

Published
2023
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35. Designs for Learning With and Through Sound.

Author

Rogers Hall, Emma Reimers, Dionne Champion, Brian Gravel, Eli Tucker-Raymond, Amon Millner, Ananda Maria Marin, Kyle Halle-Erby, Deborah Silvis, Katie Headrick Taylor, and Jasmine Y. Ma

Published
2020

40. MRI features and whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer for differentiating epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status

Author

Y, Zheng, W-J, Huang, N, Han, Y-L, Jiang, L-Y, Ma, and J, Zhang

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine
Abstract

To explore the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis of brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the differentiation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status.Forty-eight patients with brain metastases from NSCLC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were subtyped into EGFR mutation (23 cases) and wild-type (25 cases) groups. Whole-lesion histogram metrics were derived from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and imaging features were evaluated according to conventional MRI. Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to discriminate the two groups and to determine the diagnostic efficacy of ADC histogram parameters.EGFR mutation group had more multiple brain metastases, less peritumoural brain oedema (PTBO), and lower peritumoural brain oedema index (PTBO-I) than EGFR wild-type group (all p0.05). In addition, 90th and 75th percentiles of ADC and maximum ADC in the EGFR mutation group were significantly higher than in the EGFR wild-type group (all p0.05). Ninetieth percentile of ADC had the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.711), and it was found to outperform 75th percentile of ADC (AUC, 0.662; p=0.039) and maximum ADC (AUC, 0.681).Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis and MRI features of brain metastasis from NSCLC are expected to be potential biomarkers to non-invasively differentiate the EGFR mutation status.

Published
2023
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41. GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run

Author

R Abbott, T D Abbott, S Abraham, F Acernese, K Ackley, A Adams, C Adams, R X Adhikari, V B Adya, C Aeldt, M Agathos, K Agatsuma, N Aggarwal, O D Aguiar, L Aiello, A Ain, P Ajith, S Akcay, G Allen, A Allocca, P A Altin, A Amato, S Anand, A Ananyeva, S B Anderson, W G Anderson, S V Angelova, S Ansoldi, J M Antelis, K Arai, M Arene, S Antier, J S Areeda, S Appert, M C Araya, N Arnaud, S M Aronson, K G Arun, Y Asali, S Ascenzi, G Ashton, S M Aston, P Astone, F Aubin, P Aufmuth, K AultONeal, C Austin, V Avendano, S Babak, F Badaracco, M K M Bader, S Bae, A M Baer, S Bagnasco, J Baird, M Ball, G Ballardin, S W Ballmer, A Bals, A Balsamo, G Baltus, S Banagiri, D Bankar, R S Bankar, J C Barayoga, C Barbieri, B C Barish, D Barker, P Barneo, S Barnum, F Barone, B Barr, L Barsotti, M Barsuglia, D Barta, J Bartlett, I Bartos, R Bassiri, A Basti, M Bawaj, J C Bayley, M Bazzan, B R Becher, B Becsy, V M Bedakihale, M Bejger, I Belahcene, D Beniwal, M G Benjamin, T F Bennett, J D Bentley, F Bergamin, B K Berger, G Bergmann, S Bernuzzi, C P L Berry, D Bersanetti, A Bertolini, J Betzwieser, R Bhandare, A V Bhandari, D Bhattacharjee, J Bidler, I A Bilenko, G Billingsley, R Birney, O Birnholtz, S Biscans, M Bischi, S Biscoveanu, A Bisht, M Bitossi, M -A Bizouard, J K Blackburn, J Blackman, C D Blair, D G Blair, R M Blair, O Blanch, F Bobba, N Bode, M Boer, Y Boetzel, G Bogaert, M Boldrini, F Bondu, E Bonilla, R Bonnand, P Booker, B A Boom, R Bork, V Boschi, S Bose, V Bossilkov, V Boudart, Y Bouanais, A Bozzi, C Bradaschia, P R Brady, A Bramley, M Branchesi, J E Brau, M Breschi, T Briant, J H Briggs, F Brighenti, A Brillet, M Brinkmann, P Brockill, A F Brooks, J Brooks, D D Brown, S Brunett, G Bruno, R Bruntz, A Buikema, T Bulik, H J Bulten, A Buonanno, R Buscicchio, D Buskulic, R L Byer, M Cabero, L Cadonati, M Caesar, G Cagnoli, C Cahillane, J Calderon Bustillo, J D Callaghan, T A Callister, E Calloni, J B Camp, M Canepa, K C Cannon, H Cao, J Cao, G Carapella, F Carbognani, M F 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G Kang, J B Kanner, S J Kapadia, D P Kapasi, C Karathanasis, S Karki, R Kashyap, M Kasprzack, W Kastaun, S Katsanevas, E Katsavounidis, W Katzman, K Kawabe, F Kefelian, D Keitel, J S Key, S Khadka, F Y Khalili, I Khan, S Khan, E A Khazanov, N Khetan, M Khursheed, N Kijbunchoo, C Kim, G J Kim, J C Kim, K Kim, W S Kim, Y -M Kim, C Kimball, P J King, M Kinley Hanlon, R Kirchho, J S Kissel, L Kleybolte, S Klimenko, T D Knowles, E Knyazev, P Koch, S M Koehlenbeck, G Koekoek, S Koley, M Kolstein, K Komori, V Kondrashov, A Kontos, N Koper, M Korobko, W Z Korth, M Kovalam, D B Kozak, C Kramer, V Kringel, N V Krishnendu, A Krolak, G Kuehn, A Kumar, P Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, K Kuns, S Kwang, B D Lackey, D Laghi, E Lalande, T L Lam, A Lamberts, M Landry, B B Lane, R N Lang, J Lange, B Lantz, R K Lanza, I La Rosa, A Lartaux Vollard, P D Lasky, M Laxen, A Lazzarini, C Lazzaro, P Leaci, S Leavey, Y K Lecoeuche, H M Lee, H W Lee, J Lee, K Lee, J Lehmann, E Leon, N Leroy, N Letendre, Y 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R J Trudeau, D S Tsai, K W Tsang, M Tse, R Tso, L Tsukada, D Tsuna, T Tsutsui, M Turconi, A S Ubhi, R P Udall, K Ueno, D Ugolini, C S Unnikrishnan, A L Urban, S A Usman, A C Utina, H Vahlbruch, G Vajente, A Vajpeyi, G Valdes, M Valentini, V Valsan, N van Bakel, M van Beuzekom, J F J van den Brand, C Van Den Broeck, D C Vander Hyde, L van der Schaaf, J V van Heijningen, M Vardaro, A F Vargas, V Varma, S Vass, M Vasuth, A Vecchio, G Vedovato, J Veitch, P J Veitch, K Venkateswara, J Venneberg, G Venugopalan, D Verkindt, Y Verma, D Veske, F Vetrano, A Vicere, A D Viets, A Vijaykumar, V Villa Ortega, J -Y Vinet, S Vitale, T Vo, H Vocca, C Vorvick, S P Vyatchanin, A R Wade, L E Wade, M Wade, R C Walet, M Walker, G S Wallace, L Wallace, S Walsh, J Z Wang, S Wang, W H Wang, Y F Wang, R L Ward, J Warner, M Was, N Y Washington, J Watchi, B Weaver, L Wei, M Weinert, A J Weinstein, R Weiss, F Wellmann, L Wen, P Wessels, J W Westhouse, K Wette, J T Whelan, D D White, L V White, B F Whiting, C Whittle, D M Wilken, D Williams, M J Williams, A R Williamson, J L Willis, B Willke, D J Wilson, M H Wimmer, W Winkler, C C Wipf, G Woan, J Woehler, J K Wofford, I C F Wong, J Wrangel, J L Wright, D S Wu, D M Wysocki, L Xiao, H Yamamoto, L Yang, Y Yang, Z Yang, M J Yap, D W Yeeles, A Yoon, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S H R Yuen, A Zadrozny, M Zanolin, T Zelenova, J -P Zendri, M Zevin, J Zhang, L Zhang, R Zhang, T Zhang, C Zhao, G Zhao, Y Zheng, M Zhou, Z Zhou, X J Zhu, A B Zimmerman, Y Zlochower, M E Zucker, and J Zweizig

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We report on gravitational wave discoveries from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo in the first half of the third observing run (O3a) between 1 April 2019 15:00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15:00 UTC. By imposing a false-alarm-rate threshold of two per year in each of the four search pipelines that constitute our search, we present 39 candidate gravitational wave events. At this threshold, we expect a contamination fraction of less than 10%. Of these, 26 candidate events were reported previously in near real-time through GCN Notices and Circulars; 13 are reported here for the first time. The catalog contains events whose sources are black hole binary mergers up to a redshift of ~ 0.8, as well as events whose components could not be unambiguously identified as black holes or neutron stars. For the latter group, we are unable to determine the nature based on estimates of the component masses and spins from gravitational wave data alone. The range of candidate event masses which are unambiguously identified as binary black holes (both objects ≥ 3 M⨀) is increased compared to GWTC-1, with total masses from ∼ 14M⨀ for GW190924 021846 to ∼ 150M⨀ for GW190521. For the first time, this catalog includes binary systems with significantly asymmetric mass ratios, which had not been observed in data taken before April 2019. We also find that 11 of the 39 events detected since April 2019 have positive effective inspiral spins under our default prior (at 90% credibility), while none exhibit negative effective inspiral spin. Given the increased sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, the detection of 39 candidate events in ∼26 weeks of data (∼1.5 per week) is consistent with GWTC-1.

Published
2021
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43. A Gravitational-wave Measurement of the Hubble Constant Following the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo

Author

B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, S. Ascenzi, G. Ashton, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, V. Avendano, A. Avila-Alvarez, S. Babak, P. Bacon, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, J. Baird, P. T. Baker, F. Baldaccini, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Bals, S. Banagiri, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, S. E. Barclay, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, K. Barkett, S. Barnum, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, A. S. Bell, D. 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Varma, S. Vass, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, K. Venkateswara, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, A. D. Viets, S. Vinciguerra, D. J. Vine, J.-Y. Vinet, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, A. R. Wade, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, R. Walet, M. Walker, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, H. Wang, J. Z. Wang, S. Wang, W. H. Wang, Y. F. Wang, R. L. Ward, Z. A. Warden, J. Warner, M. Was, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, L.-W. Wei, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, E. K. Wessel, P. Weßels, J. W. Westhouse, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. M. Wilken, D. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, H. Wittel, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, J. L. Wright, D. S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, S. Xiao, R. Xu, H. Yamamoto, C. C. Yancey, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, M. Yazback, D. W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, S. H. R. Yuen, A. K. Zadrożny, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, M. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (H(0)) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star GW170817 led to the first standard-siren measurement of H(0). Here we additionally use binary black hole detections in conjunction with galaxy catalogs and report a joint measurement. Our updated measurement is H(0) = 69(+16,-8) km/s Mpc (68.3% of the highest density posterior interval with a flat-in-log prior) which is an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of 6(+17,-8) km/s Mpc. A significant additional contribution currently comes from GW170814, a loud and well-localized detection from a part of the sky thoroughly covered by the Dark Energy Survey. With numerous detections anticipated over the upcoming years, an exhaustive understanding of other systematic effects are also going to become increasingly important. These results establish the path to cosmology using gravitational-wave observations with and without transient electromagnetic counterparts.

Published
2021
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47. Single-Cell Analyses of the Oral Mucosa Reveal Immune Cell Signatures

Author

Y. Liu, T. Xu, W. Jiang, Y. Ma, Q. Zhang, N. Chen, M. Chu, and F. Chen

Subjects
General Dentistry
Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common immune-related disease of the gastrointestinal tract that affects many people around the world. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD have been frequently observed in recent years; one of these, periodontitis, has gained increasing attention. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues due to the disruption of host immune homeostasis. Clinical studies have revealed that periodontal inflammation is associated with IBD. However, the detailed heterogeneity of immune cells and their developmental relationships remain poorly understood at the single-cell level. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing to assess the transcriptome heterogeneity in periodontal tissues. We found the cellular composition and subclusters with specific gene expression profiles by uniform manifold approximation and projection. Pseudo-time analysis combined with gene enrichment analysis was performed to reveal cell states and key pathways. Ligand–receptor pairs revealed cell–cell communication among the immune cell types in periodontal tissues. Based on our analysis, we identified an essential role for Tcr+ macrophage, Prdx1+ neutrophil, and Mif+ T subpopulations with proinflammatory phenotype infiltration. Moreover, we examined the heterogeneity of monocytic cells and B cells. Collectively, the mapping of scRNA revealed the complex cellular landscape of oral mucosa immune cells and highlighted these immune cells as a previously unrecognized factor that may aggravate inflammation. Our analysis proves that periodontitis could exacerbate colitis and provides novel ideas for controlling and preventing IBD exacerbations.

Published
2023
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48. Recommendations for Epstein-Barr virus–based screening for nasopharyngeal cancer in high- and intermediate-risk regions

Author

W K Jacky Lam, Ann D King, Jacob A Miller, Zhiwei Liu, Kelly J Yu, Melvin L K Chua, Brigette B Y Ma, Ming Yuan Chen, Benjamin A Pinsky, Pei-Jen Lou, John K S Woo, Wan-Lun Hsu, Julia Simon, Denise L Doolan, Tim Waterboer, Edwin P Hui, Hui Li, Raymond K Tsang, Kenneth C W Wong, Julian P Goh, Alexander C Vlantis, Qi Yong Ai, Lun M Wong, Victor Abdullah, Jin Ching Lin, Chien-Jen Chen, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Quynh-Thu Le, Anne W M Lee, Mingfang Ji, Sumei Cao, Jun Ma, Anthony T C Chan, K C Allen Chan, and Allan Hildesheim

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Abstract

A meeting of experts was held in November 2021 to review and discuss available data on performance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–based approaches to screen for early stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and methods for the investigation and management of screen-positive individuals. Serum EBV antibody and plasma EBV DNA testing methods were considered. Both approaches were found to have favorable performance characteristics and to be cost-effective in high-risk populations. In addition to endoscopy, use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate screen-positive individuals was found to increase the sensitivity of NPC detection with minimal impact on cost-effectiveness of the screening program.

Published
2023
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50. Exploring the CSD Drug Subset: An Analysis of Lattice Energies and Constituent Intermolecular Interactions for the Crystal Structures of Pharmaceuticals

Author

Cai Y. Ma, Alexandru A. Moldovan, Andrew G.P. Maloney, and Kevin J. Roberts

Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science
Abstract

Intermolecular (synthonic) modelling is used for a statistical analysis of crystal lattice energies, together with their contributing intermolecular interactions for the crystallographic structures selected from the CCDC's Drug Subset (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.12.011). Analysis of this selected subset reveal similarities in packing compared to other organic crystals in the CSD with linear relationships between molecular weight and unit cell volume, void space, and packing coefficient. Crystal lattice energy calculations converge within a 30 Å intermolecular radius characterised by a mean lattice energy of ca. -36 kcal/mol with ca. 85% and 15% due to dispersive and electrostatic interactions, respectively. The distribution of the strongest synthons within the individual structures reveals an average strength of -5.79 kcal/mol. The diversity of chemical space within the drug molecules is in agreement with the analysis of atom types across the selected subset with phenyl groups being found to contribute the highest mean energy of -11.28 kcal/mol, highlighting the importance of aromatic interactions within pharmaceutical compounds. Despite an initial focus on Z' = 1 structures, this automated approach enables rapid and consistent quantitative analysis of lattice energy, synthon strength and functional group contributions, providing particle informatics for pharmaceutical RD and a helpful basis for further investigations.

Published
2023
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