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Purpose: Conditional relative survival (CRS) could provide more relevant information on the current prognosis of cancer survivors than standard 5-year relative survival (RS). This study aimed to estimate the 5-year CRS of Korean breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: We identified 145,083 breast cancer cases with diagnosis between 2002 and 2013 in the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The CRS was estimated for every year after diagnosis, according to sex, age, histologic types, stage, and year of diagnosis. Results: The 5-year RS at diagnosis was 90.8% and 10-year RS was 85.7%. Five-year CRS was 91.0% and 94.3% at 1-year and 5-year after diagnosis. Women had better 5-year CRS than men after 5 years of survival (94.3% vs. 79.5%), and very young and very old patients had worse 5-year CRS after 5 years of survival than other age groups (92.2% in Conclusion: This study showed that CRS of breast cancer survivors in Korea has been improved, which varied by sex, age, stage, and histologic types. These CRS analysis could provide a more detailed information for survival to breast cancer survivors and clinicians. Citation Format: Jung S-Y, Jung K-W, Won Y-J, Kwon Y, Ha J, Kim YA, Kong S-Y, Lee ES. Conditional survival of breast cancer patients: Korean nationwide registry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-24.

The association of BMI with falls differed between men and women in Korea. Obesity was associated with a greater risk of falls in women, whereas underweight seemed to increase the risk of falls compared with normal weight in men.This study examined the sex-specific association between body mass index (BMI) and falls in Korean adults using data from a large population-based survey.We analyzed 113,805 men and women (age ≥ 50 years) who participated in the Korean Community Health Survey in 2013. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI and falls.The mean (± standard deviation) age and BMI of all participants were 63.8 ± 9.6 years and 23.2 ± 2.9 kg/mObesity was associated with a greater risk of recurrent falls in women, whereas underweight seemed to be associated with a greater risk of falls in men.

Eser, Sultan (Balikesir Author), Background In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014. Methods CONCORD-3 includes individual records for 37.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer during the 15-year period 2000-14. Data were provided by 322 population-based cancer registries in 71 countries and territories, 47 of which provided data with 100% population coverage. The study includes 18 cancers or groups of cancers: oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, prostate, and melanoma of the skin in adults, and brain tumours, leukaemias, and lymphomas in both adults and children. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were rectified by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights.Findings For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. For many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries. Survival trends are generally increasing, even for some of the more lethal cancers: in some countries, survival has increased by up to 5% for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and lung. For women diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for breast cancer is now 89.5% in Australia and 90.2% in the USA, but international differences remain very wide, with levels as low as 66.1% in India. For gastrointestinal cancers, the highest levels of 5-year survival are seen in southeast Asia: in South Korea for cancers of the stomach (68.9%), colon (71.8%), and rectum (71.1%); in Japan for oesophageal cancer (36.0%); and in Taiwan for liver cancer (27.9%). By contrast, in the same world region, survival is generally lower than elsewhere for melanoma of the skin (59.9% in South Korea, 52.1% in Taiwan, and 49.6% in China), and for both lymphoid malignancies (52.5%, 50.5%, and 38.3%) and myeloid malignancies (45.9%, 33.4%, and 24.8%). For children diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ranged from 49.8% in Ecuador to 95.2% in Finland. 5-year survival from brain tumours in children is higher than for adults but the global range is very wide (from 28.9% in Brazil to nearly 80% in Sweden and Denmark). Interpretation The CONCORD programme enables timely comparisons of the overall effectiveness of health systems in providing care for 18 cancers that collectively represent 75% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide every year. It contributes to the evidence base for global policy on cancer control. Since 2017, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has used findings from the CONCORD programme as the official benchmark of cancer survival, among their indicators of the quality of health care in 48 countries worldwide. Governments must recognise population-based cancer registries as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems for all patients diagnosed with cancer., American Cancer Society Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Swiss Re Swiss Cancer Research foundation Swiss Cancer League Institut National du Cancer La Ligue Contre le Cancer Rossy Family Foundation US National Cancer Institute Susan G Komen Foundation

Objective To discuss possible causes of disparities in incidence and mortality rates of ovarian cancer, uterine cancer and cervical cancer between two diverse populations from east and west Asia. Methods Incidence and mortality data from 1999 to 2013 were extracted from Korean and Israeli cancer registries. Age-standardized rates and annual percent changes were calculated. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint analysis and discussed with respect to risk factor exposure. Results Age-standardized rate of ovarian cancer significantly increased in Korea (annual percent change 1.7%) but decreased among Jews (annual percent change -2.15%). Age-standardized rate of uterine cancer increased among both Koreans and Israeli Jews (annual percent changes 5.8 and 1.17%, respectively). Incidence of cervical cancer significantly decreased in Korea (annual percent change -3.8%) while remained stable on Israel. Mortality trends paralleled incidence trends with a significant increase in ovarian cancer and uterine cancer mortality in Korea (annual percent changes 1.2 and 4.6%, respectively) and a drop in cervical cancer mortality from 2002 (annual percent change -5.8%). Among Israeli Jews, uterine cancer mortality increased (annual percent change 1.01%), while ovarian cancer mortality decreased (annual percent change -0.58%). Uterine cancer mortality among Arabs declined (annual percent change -0.5%), while cervical cancer mortality remained unchanged. Conclusions Gynecologic malignancies show different incidence trends in Korea and Israel. Uterine cancer is rising in both countries and is correlated to changing trends in obesity and dietary habits. Ovarian cancer is rising in Korea but declining among Israeli Jews along with changes in parity, childbearing age, contraceptive use and increasing awareness to BRCA gene carriers and risk reduction salpingo-oophorectomy. Cervical cancer is declining in Korea along with an effective screening program implemented. Mortality trends follow incidence trends in both countries.

We investigated the risk of gastric cancer by subsite in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol in a large population-based cohort of 669 570 Korean men in an insurance plan followed for an average 6.5 years, yielding 3452 new cases of gastric cancer, of which 127 were cardia and upper-third gastric cancer, 2409 were distal gastric cancer and 1007 were unclassified. A moderate association was found between smoking, cardia and upper-third (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.5) and distal cancers (aRR=1.4; 95% CI=1.3-1.6). We also found a positive association between alcohol consumption and distal (aRR=1.3; 95% CI=1.2-1.5) and total (aRR=1.2; 95% CI=1.1-1.4) gastric cancer. Combined exposure to high levels of tobacco and alcohol increased the risk estimates further; cardia and upper-third gastric cancers were more strongly related to smoking status than distal gastric cancer.British Journal of Cancer (2007) 97, 700-704. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603893 www.bjcancer.com Published online 17 July 2007.

Objective This study assessed trends in the incidence of and survival rates for oral cavity cancer in the Korean population. Materials and Methods Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were extracted for 10 282 patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer (C01-C06) between 1999 and 2010 to evaluate the age-standardised incidence rate, annual percentage change (APC) and 5-year relative survival rate (RSR) according to gender and age. Results In males, the incidence rate slightly decreased [APC of −0.2% (P = 0.6427)]; in females, the incidence rate increased [APC of 3.1% (P

The performance of tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) for the passive control of flexible structures under random seismic loading is investigated using random vibration analysis. A non-stationary stochastic process with frequency and amplitude modulation is used to represent the earthquake strong motion, and an equivalent linearization technique is used to account for the non-linear damping force in the TLCD. The TLCD performance is evaluated on the basis of the structural response statistics, namely, the expected maximum and root-mean-square displacements, and root-mean-square absolute accelerations and interstory shears. Illustrative examples are presented using SDOF and MDOF shear-beam structural models, and two stochastic input ground motions representing short-duration and long-duration ground motions with low frequency content. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the mass ratio, coefficient of head loss for the damper, and loading intensity on the TLCD performance.

The seismic performance of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDs) for the passive control of flexible structures is investigated using random vibration analysis. A non-stationary stochastic process with frequency and amplitude modulation is used to represent the earthquake strong motion, and a simple equivalent linearization technique is used to account for the non-linear damping force in the TLCD. The governing equations of motion for the structure TLCD system are formulated and reduced to a first-order state vector equation, from which the differential equation for the system response covariance matrix is obtained. The TLCD performance is evaluated on the basis of selected structural response statistics, namely, the expected maximum and root-mean-square displacements, and root-mean-square absolute accelerations and interstorey shears. A parametric study and sensitivity analysis are conducted to assess the TLCD performance and identify critical design parameters. Illustrative examples are presented using SDOF and MDOF shear-beam structural models, a wide-banded stationary random base acceleration and two non-stationary random input ground motions representative of long- and short-duration ground accelerations with significant low-frequency content.

The Busan cancer registry was established in 1996; cancer registration is done by passive and active methods. The registry contributed survival data for 48 cancer sites or types registered during 1996-2001. Follow-up information has been gleaned predominantly by passive methods with median follow-up ranging between 1-57 months for various cancers. The proportion with histologically verified diagnosis for different cancers ranged between 20-100%; death certificates only (DCOs) comprised 0-53%; 47-100% of total registered cases were included for survival analysis. The top-ranking cancers on 5-year age-standardized relative survival rates were penis (94%), thyroid (91%), non-melanoma skin (89%), placenta (86%), breast (76%), Hodgkin lymphoma (75%) and testis (72%). Five-year relative survival by age group showed a decreasing trend with increasing age groups for cancers of the nasopharynx, gall bladder, lung, bone, soft tissue, breast, cervix, corpus uteri, thyroid, multiple myeloma, lymphoid leukaemia and myeloid leukaemia or was fluctuating for other cancers.

An unstable arc during welding induces unsound bead, thus resulting in poor mechanical properties at the welded joints. One of the important factors affecting arc stability is the welding voltage/current combination. In practice, a proper combination is usually determined by performing off-line experiments, and no extensive work has been reported on developing on-line searching methods. The paper proposes a systematic on-line method for searching the proper voltage/current combination to provide a stable arc condition in the short-circuiting metal transfer mode. Because the relationship between such welding parameters and the resulting arc stability is excessively complex and non-linear, it is difficult to determine a proper voltage/current combination based on mathematical modelling. To overcome this difficulty, a fuzzy rule-based method is proposed so that the complexity and non-linearity of arc behaviour is effectively represented by adopting fuzzy linguistic rules. The fuzzy rules here are constituted with two fuzzy variables, namely Mita's arc stability index and its derivative with respect to voltage. Then, under experimental conditions, fuzzy inferencing is performed to adjust recursively the voltage/current combination in such a way as to give a stable arc condition. The performance of the proposed searching method is also evaluated through a series of experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed searching method can effectively estimate the proper voltage/current combination to give a stable arc condition.

It has been known that the incidence of p53 mutation is very rare in HBX-positive primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. The frequency of p53 mutation, however, in established cell lines with integrated HBV DNA and/or HBX has not been well studied. To know p53 mutational frequency, and to investigate whether the presence of HBX DNA sequence correlates with the absence of p53 mutation in the established HCC cell lines, we studied the p53 mutation and the presence of HBX sequence in 12 recently characterized HCC cell lines. As a result, all 12 (100%) lines showed mutation in the p53 gene. Three (25%) cell lines had transversion of codon 215 while no mutation of codon 249 was found. In contrast with previous reports, although HBX DNA was present in 11 cell lines, p53 mutation had occurred, indicating that the presence of HBX viral DNA does not correlate with a lack of p53 mutation in established HCC cell lines. Our results suggest that the frequency of p53 mutation is extremely high even in HBX DNA positive HCC cell lines.

Evidence that stem cell factor (SCF) and c-Kit receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in the cerebellum during postnatal development, suggests a possible contribution of the SCF/Kit signaling pathway in the cerebellar development. In the present study, we prepared cerebellar cultures from C57Bl/6J mouse at postnatal day 6 to investigate the role of c-Kit receptor and SCF in regulation of cell growth and viability in the postnatal cerebellar cells. SCF increased the number of survival cells and density of calbindin and GFAP expression in the immunoblot analysis. Treatment with c-Kit antibody accelerated cellular loss in serum-free media and decreased the expression of calbindin and GFAP. The recovery effects of SCF on the cellular proliferation and the expression of functional proteins in the cultures containing c-Kit antibody suggest an involvement of SCF/Kit pathways in the control of postnatal development of cerebellar cells.