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1. [A historical review of dental schools founded by dentists in modern China]

Author

Y H, Shan, Q, Chen, D Q, Zhang, and Chuanbin, Guo

Subjects
China, Dentists, Humans, Schools, Dental
Abstract

Eight dental schools were founded by Chinese dentists during modern times (1909-1949) in China, but only one of them still works. This article analyzes the establishment processes, faculty and student trainings in some of these dental schools, combining with the social background and management system at that time, to explore the difficulties encountered by Chinese dentists in founding dental schools before 1949.近代中国牙医师积极参与牙医学教育，先后创办8所牙医学院校，培养专业人才，创办者有本土成长起来的牙医师，也有获得国外牙医学博士学位后回国执业者，但是这些院校普遍存续时间不长。目前我国尚缺乏对牙医师创办牙医学院校的研究，本文通过整理史料，并结合个案，分析中国牙医师创办牙医学院校的经过，学校教学、师资和学生培养情况，结合当时社会背景、管理制度，探析中国牙医师创办院校遇到的困难，再现近代中国牙医师为促进牙医学教育发展所付出的努力，丰富我国口腔医学教育历史研究。.

Published
2022

2. [Establishment of Beijing National Medical School Faculty of Dentistry]

Author

D Y, Song, M, Wang, G T, Li, H M, Yu, and Y H, Shan

Subjects
Beijing, Oral Medicine, Humans, Curriculum, Faculty, Schools, Medical
Abstract

The Beijing National Medical School Faculty of Dentistry was established in 1943. This article reviewed the files preserved in Beijing Municipal Archices and presented the early background of the establishment including the approval process, formulation of teaching plans and design of the curriculums. These historical records provide us with thought-provoking insights into the evolution of the stomatological discipline and subsequent development of various sub-disciplines, as well as the educational ideals embedded.1943年，国立北京大学医学院增设齿学系。北京市档案局保管的《国立北平大学医学院》案卷中明确记录了学系设立之初的时代背景、报批经过、教学计划与课程体系。这些史料为了解口腔医学名称的演变，学科的发展，以及其中蕴含的教育思想提供了依据。.

Published
2021

3. [A historical review of dental education and practice qualification in modern China]

Author

Y H, Shan, Q, Chen, and D Q, Zhang

Subjects
China, Certification, Professional Role, Dentists, Humans, Education, Dental
Abstract

A series of regulations and policies for Dental Practitioner Qualification were issued during modern times (1906-1949) in China from local to national levels, in which the certification for qualification had been largely based on dental education and training experiences. The present article reviews the evolution and progression of dental practitioner qualification management, as well as its relationship to dental education before 1949, which may hopefully provide a historical background for the development of modern dentistry and enhance the understanding of the current management process for dental practitioner qualifications in China.1949年以前，中国牙医学教育主要包含学徒式和牙医院校教育两类。而牙医执业管理方面，从地方到全国出台了多部制度，其中有关执业资格的规定与教育培训方式密切相关。本文通过梳理牙医教育以及有关牙医执业资格认定的变化，再现牙医执业管理制度在近代逐步规范化的进程，以期丰富我国口腔医学史研究，为现代口腔医师执业管理提供参考。.

Published
2021

4. Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, E. Cortina Gil, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haas, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. A. Korkmaz, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, Hu Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, M. Willenbrock, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon

Published
2015
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5. Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, E. Cortina Gil, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haas, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, G. Levi, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, and C. Zurbach

Published
2015
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6. [Progression of the stomatological journals and the development of stomatology in modern China]

Author

Y H, Shan and D Q, Zhang

Subjects
China, Oral Medicine, Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Dental Care, Prosthodontics
Abstract

Original documents of professional practices and research preserved on the stomatological journals demonstrated the development of stomatology. In this review article, we made an analysis on the progression of the scientific stomatological journals in modern China. The development of stomatology were influenced by the social and environmental factors. Evolutionary process of stomatology in modern China, which could be divided into 4 stages named as embryonic, development, stagnation and recovery stages, showed a development history from merely tooth extraction and prosthodontic treatment to sophisticated multiple disciplines.近代口腔医学专业期刊保存和记录了口腔医学诊疗实践和发展的历程。本文通过梳理我国近代口腔医学期刊的演进及其所刊载的专业内容，呈现口腔医学在医疗技术进步及社会因素影响下的阶段特征。专业期刊经历萌芽、发展、停滞和恢复过程，学科内容从相对单一的拔牙和修复治疗发展成较完善的口腔医学学科体系。.

Published
2020

7. Precision Measurement of the(e++e−)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, and C. Zurbach

Published
2014
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8. [Analysis on features and functions of professional journals of stomatology published in modern China]

Author

Y H, Shan and D Q, Zhang

Subjects
China, Oral Medicine, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Periodicals as Topic
Abstract

The professional journals of stomatology, which were dedicated to spread of theoretical knowledge and medical practices, has demonstrated their important value for studying the development of stomatology. The historical details of these stomatological journals published in modern China from 1840 to 1949, such as publication background, chief founders, aims, main features and the contents of articles, are of great importance for investigating not only the humanistic features, but also the development of stomatology in China. Twenty-three professional journals of stomatology in modern China and 2 260 articles published in them have been verified through text analysis and archives. The features and functions of these journals were further analyzed in order to enrich the humanities and historical research of modern Chinese stomatology.口腔医学专业期刊承载了一定时期专业领域的实践内容，是研究口腔医学发展的重要资料。我国近代（1840至1949年）出版了23本口腔医学期刊，其办刊背景、办刊主体、办刊目的、主要特点及刊载文章情况等历史细节不仅是口腔医学人文研究的重要内容，也是实证研究近代口腔医学的基础。本研究通过查阅文献和档案，考证我国近代出版的口腔医学期刊及其现存刊载文章2 260篇；进一步分析这些期刊的主要特点和功能，丰富我国近代口腔医学研究。.

Published
2020

9. Correlation between endometrial receptivity with expressions of IL-1 and VEGF in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

Author

D-M, Zhao, Y-H, Shan, F-H, Li, L, Jiang, and Q-L, Qu

Subjects
Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Disease Models, Animal, Endometrium, Case-Control Studies, Animals, Female, RNA, Messenger, Immunohistochemistry, Interleukin-1, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Rats
Abstract

To investigate the correlation between endometrial receptivity with expressions of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) 21 days old were randomly divided into control group (n=12) and PCOS group (n=12). Rats in the control group were normally raised, and PCOS model was established in rats of the PCOS group. All the rats were sacrificed when they grew to 80 days old. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expressions of IL-1 and VEGF. Western blotting was performed to measure the relative expressions of IL-1 and VEGF proteins. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was utilized to determine the relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of IL-1 and VEGF. Data related to endometrial receptivity were detected.The expression levels of IL-1 and VEGF in the PCOS group declined markedly compared with those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (p0.05). PCOS group had notably lower protein expressions of IL-1 and VEGF than the control group, with statistically significant differences (p0.05). The mRNA expressions of IL-1 and VEGF in PCOS group were significantly lower than those in the control group, displaying statistically significant differences (p0.05). Compared with that in the control group, the endometrial receptivity of rats in the PCOS group was reduced evidently, and the difference was statistically significant (p0.05). Both IL-1 and VEGF had positive correlations with the endometrial receptivity.Both IL-1 and VEGF are positively correlated with the endometrial receptivity in the case of PCOS, which can serve as therapeutic targets for PCOS and improve endometrial receptivity in the future.

Published
2019

10. High Statistics Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–500 GeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

K. H. Guo, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, Y. Y. Fan, Massimo Gervasi, L. Tao, M. Capell, L. Accardo, C. Sbarra, Yun Shi, Antje Putze, B. Coste, I. Guerri, H. Jinchi, D. Haas, V. Vagelli, G. La Vacca, A. Malinin, A. Piluso, R. Pilastrini, I. Cernuda, I. Lazzizzera, Carlos Díaz, W. De Boer, David Maurin, E. Valente, M. Bourquin, Laurent Derome, D. Grandi, M. Xie, I. Gebauer, X. M. Qi, G. Schwering, J. Bazo, P. G. Rancoita, M. S. Krafczyk, Wei Li, C. Mañá, E. Fiandrini, J. C. Marin, W. Gillard, T. Urban, V. Choutko, B. Bertucci, W. H. Sun, Q. Meng, R. Q. Xiong, Franck Cadoux, P. Nunes, Teimuraz Lomtadze, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, C. Türkoʇlu, G. Castellini, M. Bizzarri, Won Kyu Calvin Sun, P. Goglov, Mayda Velasco, Federico Cindolo, W. Y. Jang, S. S. Vaurynovich, H. S. Chen, F. Spinella, V. Cascioli, Benjamin Monreal, N. Nikonov, Liqiu Wang, Veronica Bindi, Kwangsoo Kim, Chia-Hui Lin, M. J. Chae, C. Guandalini, M. Duranti, E. Pedreschi, G. Boella, Sadakazu Haino, E. Laudi, Y. J. Yu, Lucio Rossi, S. Xie, G. Coignet, M. Paniccia, Xiaoping Wang, G. Laurenti, S. Zeissler, D. Schuckardt, V. Poireau, Q. H. Ye, J. Gong, F. Giovacchini, Roald Z. Sagdeev, Luca Morescalchi, D. Aisa, C. Goy, R. J. García-López, F. Palmonari, S. Della Torre, X. W. Tang, M. Pauluzzi, Samuel C.C. Ting, Y. H. Chang, Zhixiang Tang, Fei Zhou, F. Massera, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, S. M. Schmidt, G. Ambrosi, V. Vitale, M. Orcinha, J. Q. Li, Valery Zhukov, J. P. Vialle, K. Bollweg, Gongming Xin, H. L. Li, Markus Battarbee, Paolo Zuccon, L. Di Masso, G. Gallucci, L. Basara, G. Volpini, R. Clavero, T. Siedenburg, A. Rozhkov, E. Finch, J. H. Zhang, Davide Rozza, S. Lim, I. Rodríguez, L. Farnesini, S. Borsini, Claudio Corti, A. Fiasson, Z. M. Zheng, A. Obermeier, K. Andeen, A. Contin, D. D'Urso, Mingming Yang, J. Feng, M. Pohl, Z. L. Weng, D. Rapin, V. Plyaskin, E. Postaci, Zheng Wang, X. Y. Shi, Philipp Azzarello, Matthias Heil, Mauro Tacconi, B. S. Shan, J. Casaus, M. Graziani, T. Kirn, G. M. Cheng, Matteo Boschini, J. Wienkenhöver, N. Masi, F. Luo, A. I. Chen, Zhiqi Huang, L. Barrin, M. B. Demirköz, A. Papi, Z. H. He, F. Nozzoli, C. Zurbach, A. Alvino, Hengchang Liu, P. Lipari, S. Bizzaglia, T. X. Li, Varlen Grabski, C. Pizzolotto, T. Eronen, X. Xia, C. Consolandi, A. Schulz von Dratzig, K. Kanishev, Yu. Galaktionov, Lin Cheng, Nicola Tomassetti, Z. Q. Yu, D. C. Mo, Y. Li, W. Xu, Roberto Battiston, J. Berdugo, K. C. Han, S. C. Lee, H. T. Lee, Dong Liu, Behcet Alpat, R. Pereira, Q. L. Wang, S. Di Falco, H. Yi, B. Borgia, F. Spada, J. J. Torsti, S. Pensotti, Antonino Zichichi, S. M. Ting, C. Delgado, S. Schael, A. Ghelfi, S. S. Lv, J. Hoffman, N. Attig, F. Cervelli, Zhijun Zhang, P. Mott, J. Sandweiss, Henning Gast, Tim Martin, Y. H. Shan, G. Scolieri, J. Q. Ni, C. H. Chung, A. Oliva, M. T. Zhang, U. Becker, Fernando Barão, J. S. Ricol, M. Behlmann, D. Cerreta, Ningsheng Xu, Thomas Lippert, C. Leluc, F. J. Eppling, B. Beischer, V. Bonnivard, H. Y. Chou, R. Henning, R. D. Majka, M. Dai, Z. Cui, O. Kounina, G. Rybka, M. Müller, H. Wu, P. Saouter, Peter H. Fisher, K. Luebelsmeyer, D. Tescaro, M. Aguilar, Ruiguang Wang, F. Dimiccoli, K. Whitman, E. Choumilov, R. Kossakowski, G. N. Kim, H. L. Zhuang, A. Barrau, M. J. Lu, A. Bartoloni, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Luísa Arruda, M. Lolli, C. P. Tang, S. Kunz, A. Eline, Timothy H. Hsieh, J. Y. Shi, J. Yang, A. Chikanian, Gianpaolo Carosi, Changgi Huh, J. Z. Luo, Z. Y. Li, Lucio Quadrani, M. Habiby, A. Bachlechner, X. B. Zhang, Eun-Suk Seo, Ying Lu, S. Rosier-Lees, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, Z. H. Li, Qiang Li, J. D. Burger, W. J. Du, K. Y. Wu, Manuela Vecchi, C. Vannini, P. von Doetinchem, X. D. Cai, Giuseppe Levi, G. Martinez, C. Palomares, C. Clark, Andrei Kounine, Q. Yan, G. Bigongiari, S. Caroff, N. Zimmermann, M. Incagli, Maria Ionica, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Haas, Daniel, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Accardo, L, Aguilar, M, Aisa, D, Alpat, B, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Bizzarri, M, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Borsini, S, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Carosi, G, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cerreta, D, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, H, Cheng, G, Cheng, L, Chikanian, A, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Cindolo, F, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Masso, L, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, W, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Eline, A, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Fan, Y, Farnesini, L, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guandalini, C, Guerri, I, Guo, K, Haas, D, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Henning, R, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, Kunz, S, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Levi, G, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lolli, M, Lomtadze, T, Lu, M, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Massera, F, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Monreal, B, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Müller, M, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Pilastrini, R, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Postaci, E, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rossi, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Rybka, G, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schuckardt, D, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shan, Y, Shi, J, Shi, X, Shi, Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, C, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Volpini, G, Wang, L, Wang, Q, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Wu, K, Xia, X, Xie, M, Xie, S, Xiong, R, Xin, G, Xu, N, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Q, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, M, Zhang, X, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhou, F, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C, L. Accardo, M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. d. Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, G. Carosi, J. Casau, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, F. Cindolo, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. D. Torre, M. B. Demirkoz, L. Derome, S. D. Falco, L. D. Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Diaz, P. v. Doetinchem, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D'Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. Garcia, R. Garcia-Lopez, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haa, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, R. Henning, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, T. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. L. Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, G. Levi, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mana, J. Marin, T. Martin, G. Martinez, N. Masi, F. Massera, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, B. Monreal, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Muller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nune, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomare, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, R. Pilastrini, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodriguez, S. Rosier-Lee, L. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, G. Rybka, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandwei, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. S. von, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, S. C. C., S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Turkoglu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, G. Volpini, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhover, H. Wu, K. Y. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, F. Zhou, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, C. Zurbach, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik [Karlsruhe] (EKP), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CERN [Genève], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 3 (INFN, Sezione di Roma 3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Turku, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), INFN Sezione di Pisa (INFN Sezione di Pisa), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire [Genève] (DPNC), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica [Firenze] (INO-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), EWHA Womans University (EWHA), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Academia Sinica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and AMS

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, cosmic rays studies, Cosmic ray, Electron, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, Space mission, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, International Space Station, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, Dark matter, ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, AMS, Cosmic rays, Positron fraction, antimatter and dark matter, positrons, Physics, Range (particle radiation), ta115, Magnetic spectrometer, ELECTRONS, Cosmic rays, Positron fraction, International Space Station, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Satellite, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

A precision measurement by AMS of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 500 GeV based on 10.9 million positron and electron events is presented. This measurement extends the energy range of our previous observation and increases its precision. The new results show, for the first time, that above ∼200 GeV the positron fraction no longer exhibits an increase with energy.

Published
2016

12. Relationship between levels of inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and the severity of depression and anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease

Author

X-M, Wang, Y-G, Zhang, A-L, Li, Z-H, Long, D, Wang, X-X, Li, J-H, Xia, S-Y, Luo, and Y-H, Shan

Subjects
Inflammation, Male, C-Reactive Protein, Depression, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Humans, Female, Parkinson Disease, Anxiety, Middle Aged, Aged
Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between expression of inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and the severity of depression and anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Between January 2012 and December 2015, 62 PD patients admitted to our institution were included in the PD group, and 62 healthy subjects seeking health check-up at our institution during the same period of time were enrolled in the control group. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6, interferon-g (INF-g), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), were measured by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety, respectively.A total of 124 subjects were included into PD group and control group, 62 for each. No significant differences were observed in the gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history and alcohol history between two groups (p0.05). Levels of IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, hsCRP and sIL-2R were significantly higher in patients of PD group than those in the control group (p0.05). HAMD and HAMA scores in PD group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(22.74 ± 6.34), (20.90 ± 5.86) vs. (2.17±3.46), (3.79 ± 3.55), p0.05]. HAMD and HAMA scores were positively correlated with the levels of TNF-a, hsCRP and sIL-2R in the peripheral blood of PD patients (p0.05).Expression of inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the peripheral blood of PD patients, and the severity of depression and anxiety is correlated with levels of TNF-a, hsCRP and sIL-2R in the peripheral blood of these patients.

Published
2016

13. Expressions of serum inflammatory cytokines and their relationship with cerebral edema in patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage

Author

X-M, Wang, Y-G, Zhang, A-L, Li, Z-H, Long, D, Wang, X-X, Li, J-H, Xia, S-Y, Luo, and Y-H, Shan

Subjects
Acute Disease, Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage, Cytokines, Humans, Brain Edema, Interleukin-10
Abstract

The aim of the present study is to investigate expressions of inflammatory cytokines and their relationship with cerebral edema in the patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage.Between January 2015 and March 2016, 94 patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage admitted to our institution were included in the present study. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and conditions of cerebral edema were evaluated using head CT upon admission, 1d after admission and 3d after admission, respectively.Serum levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 peaked 1d after admission and decreased 3d after admission with statistical significance (p0.05); the IL-10 level was continuously increased after admission and peaked 3 days after admission with statistical significance (p0.05). Cerebral edema was not observed in any of these patients upon admission, while occurred with a maximal edema volume 1 day after admission and the volume decreased 3 days after admission with statistical significance (p0.05). Correlation analysis showed that levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were positively correlated with severity of cerebral edema (r=0.324, 0286, 0.305, p0.05 respectively), whereas IL-10 level was negatively correlated with severity of cerebral edema (r=-0.336, p0.05).Serum levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 are positively correlated while the IL-10 level is negatively correlated with the severity of the cerebral edema in patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage.

Published
2016

14. Paleozoic multiple accretionary and collisional processes of the Beishan orogenic collage

Author

C. M. Han, Y. H. Shan, J. F. Qu, Ji'en Zhang, Q. G. Mao, Nathan Cleven, J. L. Li, Brian F. Windley, Wenjiao Xiao, Qianqian Guo, Songjian Ao, and Shoufa Lin

Subjects
Craton, geography, Paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleozoic, Continental margin, Permian, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Island arc, Suture (geology), Collision zone, Geology, Continental arc
Abstract

The Beishan orogenic collage is located in the southernmost part of the Altaids, and connects the Southern Tien Shan suture to the west with the Solonker suture to the east. The orogen was previously regarded as early Paleozoic in age in contrast to the surrounding southern Altaid collages, which are Late Paleozoic or even Early Mesozoic. This paper reviews the tectonic units of the Beishan orogen, which along a north-south traverse consists of several arcs and ophiolitic melanges. These tectonic units were thrust imbricated and overprinted by strike-slip faulting during Permian-Triassic times, and the youngest strata involved in the deformation are Permian. Stitching plutons are Late Permian in age. Peaks of magmatic-metamorphic-tectonic activity, and paleomagnetic and paleogeographic data indicate that the Beishan orogenic collage evolved by development of several, Early to Mid-Paleozoic arcs in different parts of the Paleoasian Ocean. The Late Paleozoic collage is characterized by three active continental margins or island arcs that are separated by two ophiolitic melanges. The northernmost active margin is represented by the Queershan arc, which may have lasted until the Permian. The Shibanshan unit is the southernmost, subduction-related continental arc along the northern margin of the Dunhuang block. In the Late Carboniferous to Permian the eastern end (promontory) of the Tarim Craton probably collided with the Chinese eastern Tien Shan arc, forming a new active continental margin, which interacted with the Beishan Late Paleozoic archipelago, generating a complicated subduction-accretionary orogen; this is suggested to be one of the last phases in the development of the long-lived Altaid accretionary orogenesis. The new model for this orogen bridges the gap between the western and eastern ends of the southern Altaids. The modern Timor-Australia collision zone with its many surrounding arcs is an appropriate analog for the Altaids in the Late Paleozoic.

Published
2010

15. Precision Measurement of the(e++e−)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Y. Y. Fan, Massimo Gervasi, A. Fiasson, Roberto Battiston, N. Masi, F. Luo, L. Tao, L. Barrin, M. Capell, M. Paniccia, A. Schulz von Dratzig, M. Pohl, B. Borgia, C. Leluc, G. Gallucci, S. S. Vaurynovich, Julio C. Marín, Miaoran Lu, Yongyao Li, G. Boella, K. C. Han, J. Z. Luo, F. Giovacchini, Yun Shi, Q. L. Wang, Luca Morescalchi, Lucio Quadrani, Samuel C.C. Ting, Tim Martin, B. Beischer, V. Bonnivard, C. Delgado, G. Scolieri, Mingming Yang, M. Habiby, A. Malinin, Zhixiang Tang, C. P. Tang, D. C. Mo, A. Eline, J. Y. Shi, M. Müller, Maria Ionica, G. Schwering, J. S. Ricol, Lin Cheng, W. De Boer, K. H. Guo, Dong-Chul Son, S. Schael, X. W. Tang, P. Saouter, Teimuraz Lomtadze, M. Duranti, Yu. Galaktionov, R. J. García-López, N. Nikonov, Liqiu Wang, D. D'Urso, Elisa Laudi, J. Hoffman, I. Guerri, S. M. Schmidt, M. J. Chae, C. Guandalini, K. Luebelsmeyer, Y. J. Yu, H. T. Lee, J. Q. Ni, G. Martinez, C. Palomares, C. Clark, V. Poireau, H. Jinchi, D. Aisa, N. Attig, A. Alvino, J. P. Vialle, L. Basara, Z. M. Zheng, S. Kunz, J. Casaus, Z. Q. Yu, K. Bollweg, A.I. Oliva, A. Ghelfi, Valerio Vagelli, E. Choumilov, X. M. Qi, A. Piluso, D. Rozza, S. Borsini, I. Cernuda, G. Castellini, Jinglai Li, V. Choutko, G. Ambrosi, F. Cervelli, S. Lim, Bruna Bertucci, D. Grandi, T. Urban, R. Kossakowski, Carlos Díaz, S. Bizzaglia, M. J. Boschini, L. Di Masso, I. Gebauer, B. Coste, V. Cascioli, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, M. Orcinha, D. Tescaro, Timothy H. Hsieh, Manuela Vecchi, W. H. Sun, W. Y. Jang, P. Lipari, T. Räihä, M. Aguilar, Ruiguang Wang, C. Pizzolotto, M. Bizzarri, E. Fiandrini, Y. H. Shan, A. Bartoloni, G. N. Kim, Zhihua Zhang, C. Vannini, Haifeng Li, K. Kanishev, Nicola Tomassetti, H. L. Zhuang, L. Farnesini, M. Graziani, F. Spinella, X. Y. Shi, Z. L. Weng, Chia-Hui Lin, D. Rapin, H. S. Chen, V. Plyaskin, J. Yang, J. Gong, S. Xie, C. Goy, Behcet Alpat, E. Postaci, C. Sbarra, A. Barrau, G. M. Cheng, P. von Doetinchem, Roald Z. Sagdeev, X. D. Cai, Mauro Tacconi, G. Coignet, Antje Putze, Jianfeng Feng, B. S. Shan, Won Kyu Calvin Sun, Q. H. Ye, M. B. Demirköz, H. Yi, Wei Li, K. Whitman, H. Y. Chou, S. Della Torre, Q. Meng, R. D. Majka, F. Donnini, Changgi Huh, X. Xia, J. Wienkenhöver, Z. Cui, Hengchang Liu, E. Pedreschi, W. J. Du, Kwangsoo Kim, Andrei Kounine, Sadakazu Haino, Q. Yan, F. Spada, A. Papi, G. Bigongiari, S. Caroff, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Paolo Zuccon, Y. H. Chang, R. Clavero, N. Zimmermann, J. J. Torsti, S. Pensotti, Zhao Wang, Antonino Zichichi, Henning Gast, I. Rodríguez, J. Berdugo, Luísa Arruda, A. Rozhkov, S. Zeissler, A. Obermeier, S. Di Falco, Valery Zhukov, C. Consolandi, T. X. Li, Varlen Grabski, P. Mott, M. Incagli, M. Pauluzzi, J. D. Burger, T. Siedenburg, Claudio Corti, M. Bourquin, J. Bazo, R. Q. Xiong, Mayda Velasco, Corrado Gargiulo, P. Azzarello, Zhiqi Huang, S. C. Lee, S. S. Lv, J. Sandweiss, A. Chikanian, Z. Y. Li, A. Bachlechner, X. B. Zhang, Eun-Suk Seo, X. Q. Wang, Ying Lu, S. Rosier-Lees, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, Z. H. Li, Qiang Li, W. Gillard, C. H. Chung, G. La Vacca, David Maurin, Rui Miguel Faisca Rodrigues Pereira, M. T. Zhang, M. Crispoltoni, M. Behlmann, Laurent Derome, Ningsheng Xu, Franck Cadoux, P. Nunes, D. Liu, D. Schuckardt, Matthias Heil, G. Laurenti, A. I. Chen, P. Goglov, Alexandre Lebedev, P. G. Rancoita, M. S. Krafczyk, I. Lazzizzera, M. Xie, C. Mañá, Veronica Bindi, Z. H. He, F. Nozzoli, C. Zurbach, T. Eronen, W. Xu, T. Kirn, C. Türkoğlu, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Gongming Xin, Markus Battarbee, E. Finch, J. H. Zhang, K. Andeen, F. Barao, U. Becker, Thomas Lippert, F. J. Eppling, P. H. Fisher, S. M. Ting, F. Palmonari, M. Dai, O. Kounina, H. Wu, Andrea Contin, F. Dimiccoli, and E. Valente

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Primary (astronomy), International Space Station, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATION, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Published
2014

18. Precision Measurement of the (e^{+}+e^{-}) Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., Alvino, A., Ambrosi, G., Andeen, K., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Bazo, J., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bigongiari, Gabriele, Bindi, V., Bizzaglia, S., Bizzarri, M., Boella, G., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Borsini, S., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Cascioli, V., Castellini, G., Cernuda, I., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, H., Cheng, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chikanian, A., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Coste, B., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, M., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Masso, L., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Donnini, F., W. J., Du, Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Eline, A., Eppling, F. J., Eronen, T., Fan, Y. Y., Farnesini, L., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Finch, E., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García, B., García López, R., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Gillard, W., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guandalini, C., Guerri, I., Guo, K. H., Habiby, M., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Z. H., He, Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, T. h., Kossakowski, R., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. S., Kunz, S., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, Li, Q., T. X., Li, Li, W., Li, Y., Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Li, Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, H., Lomtadze, T., M. J., Lu, Y. S., Lu, Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., S. S., Lv, Majka, R., Malinin, A., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca Rocha, A., Meng, Q., D. C., Mo, Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Müller, M., J. Q., Ni, Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Nunes, P., Obermeier, A., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Papi, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pedreschi, E., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Pilo, F., Piluso, A., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Postaci, E., Putze, A., Quadrani, L., X. M., Qi, Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rodríguez, I., Rosier Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Sbarra, C., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schuckardt, D., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Scolieri, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shan, Y. H., Shi, J. Y., Shi, X. Y., Shi, Y. M., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Spada, F., Spinella, F., Sun, W., Sun, W. H., Tacconi, M., Tang, C. P., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoʇlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vaurynovich, S., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, Q. L., Wang, R. S., Wang, X., Wang, Z. X., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Xia, X., Xie, M., Xie, S., Xiong, R. Q., Xin, G. M., N. S., Xu, Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Q. H., Ye, Yi, H., Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Yu, Zeissler, S., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, M. T., Zhang, X. B., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Zurbach, C., M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casau, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nune, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomare, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lee, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandwei, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, C. Zurbach, Aguilar, M, Aisa, D, Alpat, B, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Bizzarri, M, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Borsini, S, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, H, Cheng, G, Cheng, L, Chikanian, A, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Masso, L, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Donnini, F, Du, W, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Eline, A, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Fan, Y, Farnesini, L, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guandalini, C, Guerri, I, Guo, K, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, Kunz, S, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lomtadze, T, Lu, M, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Müller, M, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Postaci, E, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schuckardt, D, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shan, Y, Shi, J, Shi, X, Shi, Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, C, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, Q, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Xia, X, Xie, M, Xie, S, Xiong, R, Xin, G, Xu, N, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Q, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, M, Zhang, X, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, and Saouter, Pierre

Subjects
electron, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electrons, ddc:500.2, COSMIC RAYS, AMS, Cosmic Rays, electrons, Space mission, Physics and Astronomy (all), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positrons, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, positron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, AMS, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a measurement of the cosmic ray (e^+ + e^-) flux in the range 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV based on the analysis of 10.6 million (e^+ + e^-) events collected by AMS. The statistics and the resolution of AMS provide a precision measurement of the flux. The flux is smooth and reveals new and distinct information. Above 30.2 GeV, the flux can be described by a single power law with a spectral index γ = −3.170 +/- 0.008 (stat + syst) +/- 0.008 (energy scale)

Published
2014

19. Electron and Positron Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Aguilar, M, Aisa, D, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Andeen, K, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, Bruna, Bigongiari, G, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Bizzarri, M, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Borsini, S, Boschini, Mj, Bourquin, M, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, Xd, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, Mj, Chang, Yh, Chen, Ai, Chen, H, Cheng, Gm, Chen, Hs, Cheng, L, Chikanian, A, Chou, Hy, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, Ch, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, Mb, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Masso, L, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, Wj, Duranti, Matteo, D'Urso, D, Eline, A, Eppling, Fj, Eronen, T, Fan, Yy, Farnesini, L, Feng, J, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, Maura, Guandalini, C, Guerri, I, Guo, Kh, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, Kc, He, Zh, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, Th, Huang, Zc, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, Maria, Jang, Wy, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Kim, Gn, Kim, Ks, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, Ms, Kunz, S, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, Ht, Lee, Sc, Leluc, C, Li, Hl, Li, Jq, Li, Q, Li, Tx, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Zh, Li, Zy, Lim, S, Lin, Ch, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lomtadze, T, Lu, Mj, Lu, Ys, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, Jz, Lv, Ss, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, Dc, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Müller, M, Ni, Jq, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Postaci, E, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, Xm, Rancoita, Pg, Rapin, D, Ricol, Js, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, Sm, Schuckardt, D, von Dratzig AS, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, Es, Shan, Bs, Shan, Yh, Shi, Jy, Shi, Xy, Shi, Ym, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Sun, W, Sun, Wh, Tacconi, M, Tang, Cp, Tang, Xw, Tang, Zc, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, Sc, Ting, Sm, Tomassetti, Nicola, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, Valerio, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, Jp, Wang, Lq, Wang, Ql, Wang, Rs, Wang, X, Wang, Zx, Weng, Zl, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Xia, X, Xie, M, Xie, S, Xiong, Rq, Xin, Gm, Xu, Ns, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Qh, Yi, H, Yu, Yj, Yu, Zq, Zeissler, S, Zhang, Jh, Zhang, Mt, Zhang, Xb, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Zm, Zhuang, Hl, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C, Pauluzzi, Michele, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institute of Nanotechnology [Karlsruhe] (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CERN [Genève], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 3 (INFN, Sezione di Roma 3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Turku, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Department of Applied Mathematics (MIT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), INFN Sezione di Pisa (INFN Sezione di Pisa), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire [Genève] (DPNC), Université de Genève (UNIGE), CNR Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse [Firenze] (IGG), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Shandong University, Yale University [New Haven], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), AMS, Aguilar, M, Aisa, D, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Bizzarri, M, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Borsini, S, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, H, Cheng, G, Cheng, L, Chikanian, A, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Masso, L, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, W, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Eline, A, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Fan, Y, Farnesini, L, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guandalini, C, Guerri, I, Guo, K, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, Kunz, S, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lomtadze, T, Lu, M, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Müller, M, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Postaci, E, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schuckardt, D, von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shan, Y, Shi, J, Shi, X, Shi, Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, C, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, Q, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Xia, X, Xie, M, Xie, S, Xiong, R, Xin, G, Xu, N, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Q, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, M, Zhang, X, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C, M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. d. Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casau, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. D. Torre, M. B. Demirkoz, L. Derome, S. D. Falco, L. D. Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Diaz, P. v. Doetinchem, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D'Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. Garcia, R. Garcia-Lopez, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, T. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. L. Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mana, J. Marin, T. Martin, G. Martinez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Muller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nune, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomare, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodriguez, S. Rosier-Lee, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandwei, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. S. von, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, S. C. C., S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Turkoglu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhover, H. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, and C. Zurbach

Subjects
ASTROPHYSICS, Astrophysics and Astronomy, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Positron spectrum, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, ddc:500.2, Space mission, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Radiative flux, Physics and Astronomy (all), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, Dark matter, Positron emission, AMS, Cosmic rays, electron flux, positron flux, international space station, Cosmic rays, Physics, Spectral index, Range (particle radiation), ta115, POSITRONS, ELECTRONS, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, COSMIC RAYS, ELECTRONS, POSITRONS, AMS, Electron spectrum, Astroparticle physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

International audience; Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux in the range 0.5 to 700 GeV and the positron flux in the range 0.5 to500 GeV are presented. The electron flux and the positron flux each require a description beyond a single power-law spectrum. Both the electron flux and the positron flux change their behavior at∼30GeV but the fluxes are significantly different in their magnitude and energy dependence. Between 20 and 200 GeV the positron spectral index is significantly harder than the electron spectral index. The determination of the differing behavior of the spectral indices versus energy is a new observation and provides important information on the origins of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons.

Published
2014

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