Search

Aims: Accurate prediction of changes in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, an indicator of blood loss, in cesarean deliveries is critical for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the potential relationship between the preoperative delta neutrophil index (DNI), an inflammatory marker, and changes in Hb levels after cesarean section. Methods: Women with a history of a single cesarean section and who underwent a second cesarean section for delivery between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The difference between the preoperative and postoperative 6th-hour and 24th-hour Hb levels was defined as the delta Hb 1 (ΔHb1) level and delta Hb 2 (ΔHb2) level, respectively. The primary outcome was the relationship between preoperative DNI with ΔHb1 level and ΔHb2 level. We also investigated the relationships of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with DNI and changes in Hb levels. Results: The study included 368 women with a mean age of 28 (19 to 45) years. The mean DNI was -0.82±5.62, NLR was 4.31±2.16, and PLR was 141.89±55.22. A positive correlation was found between DNI and ΔHb1 level (r=0.624, p

Objective: To reveal the profile and practice in patients with acute stroke who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and/or neuro-interventional therapy in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: On World Stroke Awareness Day, May 10, 2018, 1,790 patients hospitalized in 87 neurology units spread over 30 health regions were evaluated retrospectively and prospectively. Results: Intravenous tPA was administered to 12% of 859 cases of acute ischemic stroke in 45 units participating in the study. In the same period, 8.3% of the cases received neurointerventional treatment. The rate of good prognosis [modified Rankin score (mRS) 0–2] at discharge was 46% in 83 patients who received only IV tPA [age: 67 +- 12 years; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): 12 +- 6; hospital stay, 24 +- 29 days]; 35% in 51 patients who underwent thrombectomy (MT) alone (age: 64 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 14.1 +- 6.5; length of hospital stay, 33 +- 31 days), 19% in those who received combined treatment (age: 66 +- 14 years; NIHSS: 15.6 +- 5.4; length of hospital stay, 26 +- 35 days), and 56% of 695 patients who did not receive treatment for revascularization (age: 70 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 7.6 +- 7.2; length of hospital stay, 21 +- 28 days). The symptom-to-door time was 87 +- 53 minutes in the IV treatment group and 200 +- 26 minutes in the neurointerventional group. The average door-to-needle time was 66 +- 49 minutes in the IV tPA group. In the neurothrombectomy group, the door-to-groin time was 103 +- 90 minutes, and the TICI 2b-3 rate was 70.3%. In 103 patients who received IV tPA, the discharge mRS 0–2 was 41%, while the rate of mRS 0–1 was 28%. In 71 patients who underwent neurothrombectomy, the mRS 0–2 was 31% and mRS 0–1 was 18%. The door-to-groin time was approximately 30 minutes longer if IV tPA was received (125 +- 107 and 95 +- 83 minutes, respectively). Symptomatic bleeding rates were 4.8% in IV recipients, 17.6% among those who received only MT, and 15% in combined therapy. Globally, the hemorrhage rate was 6.8% in patients receiving IV tPA and 16.9% in MT. Conclusion: IV thrombolytic and neurointerventional treatment applications in acute ischemic stroke in Türkiye can provide the anticipated results. Heterogeneity has begun to be reduced in our country with the dissemination of the system indicated by the 'Directive on Health Services to be Provided to Patients with Acute Stroke.'

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of the presence of subchorionic hematoma (SH) in early pregnancies with threatened miscarriage (TM) on levels of first-trimester maternal serum markers, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels. Methods The data of TM cases with SH in the first trimester between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. The data of age and gestational age-matched TM cases without SH were also assessed to constitute a control group. Demographic characteristics, obstetric histories, ultrasonographic findings, and free β-hCG and PAPP-A levels of the groups were compared. Results There were 119 cases in the study group and 153 cases in the control group. The median vertical and longitudinal lengths of the SH were 31 mm and 16 mm. The median age of both groups was similar (p=0.422). The MoM value of PAPP-A was 0.088 (.93) in the study group and 0.9 (0.63) in the control group (p=0.519). Similarly, the MoM value of free β-hCG was 1.04 (0.78) in the study group and 0.99 (0.86) in the control group (p=0.66). No significant relationship was found in the multivariate analysis between free β-hCG MoM, PAPP-A MoM, age, gravida, and vertical and longitudinal lengths of the hematoma (p>0.05). Conclusion The level of PAPP-A and free β-hCG were not affected by the SH. Therefore, these markers can be used reliably in TM cases with SH for the first-trimester fetal aneuploidy screening test.

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in our country. Within the scope of NeuroTek-Turkey, hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute stroke algorithms. Materials and Methods: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in Türkiye. Within the scope of NöroTek-Türkiye (TR), hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute-stroke algorithms. Results: The rate of AF in patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke/TIA was 29.8%, of which 65% were known before stroke, 5% were paroxysmal, and 30% were diagnosed after hospital admission. The proportion of patients with AF who received 'effective' treatment [international normalization ratio ≥2.0 warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) at a guideline dose] was 25.3%, and, either no medication or only antiplatelet was used in 42.5% of the cases. The low dose rate was 50% in 42 patients who had a stroke while taking NOACs. Anticoagulant was prescribed to the patient at discharge at a rate of 94.6%; low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin was prescribed in 28.1%, warfarin in 32.5%, and NOACs in 31%. The dose was in the low category in 22% of the cases discharged with NOACs, and half of the cases, who received NOACs at admission, were discharged with the same drug. Conclusion: NöroTekTR revealed the high but expected frequency of AF in acute stroke in Türkiye, as well as the aspects that could be improved in the management of secondary prophylaxis. AF is found in approximately one-third of hospitalized acute stroke cases in Türkiye. Effective anticoagulant therapy was not used in three-quarters of acute stroke cases with known AF. In AF, heparin, warfarin, and NOACs are planned at a similar frequency (one-third) within the scope of stroke secondary prophylaxis, and the prescribed NOAC dose is subtherapeutic in a quarter of the cases. Non-medical and medical education appears necessary to prevent stroke caused by AF.

Abstract Objective The availability of reliable and inexpensive markers that can be used to determine the risk of rupture during methotrexate (MTX) treatment in ectopic pregnancies (EPs) is considerable. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of systemic inflammatory markers such as leukocytes (or white blood cells, WBCs), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet distribution width (PDW), which are among the parameters of the complete blood count (CBC), in the prediction of rupture of EPs under MTX treatment. Materials and Methods A total of 161 patients with tubal EP who underwent a single-dose methotrexate (MTX) protocol were retrospectively analyzed, and the control group (n = 83) included patients cured by MTX, while the ruptured group (n = 78) included patients who were operated on for tubal rupture during the MTX treatment. The features of EP, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels, sonographic findings, and CBC-derived markers such as WBC, NLR, and PDW, were investigated by comparing both groups. Results The NLR was found to be higher in the ruptured group, of 2.92 ± 0.86%, and significantly lower in the control group, of 2.09 ± 0.6%. Similarly, the PDW was higher (51 ± 9%) in the ruptured group, and it was significantly lower a (47 ± 13%) in the control group (p < 0.05). Other CBC parameters were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Systemic inflammation markers derived from CBC can be easily applied to predict the risk of tubal rupture in Eps, since the CBC is an inexpensive and easy-to-apply test, which is first requested from each patient during hospitalization.

We call a Krasner right S-hypermodule A regular if each cyclic subhypermodule of A is a direct summand of A, and we also call A semiregular if every finitely generated subhypermodule of A lies above a direct summand of A. In this study, some properties of such hypermodules are achieved. This paper consists of concentrating over the radical, as well as their connections with (semi)regularity of hypermodules. Finally, the relationship between f-supplement submodule and semiregularity is given.

This study investigated the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on the micropropagation and rooting dynamics of two myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) genotypes with different fruit colors under controlled in vitro conditions. We evaluated the response of these genotypes to varying concentrations of Cd (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µM) to determine dose-dependent effects on plantlet multiplication and root formation. Our results demonstrate that the white-fruited (WF) genotype exhibits greater resilience than the black-fruited (BF) genotype across all concentrations, maintaining higher multiplication rates and shoot heights. For instance, the multiplication rate at 100 µM Cd was highest for WF at 6.73, whereas BF showed the lowest rate of 1.94 at 500 µM. Similarly, increasing Cd levels significantly impaired root length and the number of roots for both genotypes, illustrating the detrimental impact of Cd on root system development. Additionally, this study incorporated machine learning (ML) models to predict growth outcomes. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, including random forest (RF) and XGBoost, was used to analyze the data. The MLP model performed notably well, demonstrating the potential of advanced computational tools in accurately predicting plant responses to environmental stress. For example, the MLP model accurately predicted shoot height with an R2 value of 0.87 and root length with an R2 of 0.99, indicating high predictive accuracy. Overall, our findings provide significant insights into the genotypic differences in Cd tolerance and the utility of ML models in plant science. These results underscore the importance of developing targeted strategies to enhance plant resilience in contaminated environments.

This comprehensive article critically analyzes the advanced biotechnological strategies to mitigate plant drought stress. It encompasses an in-depth exploration of the latest developments in plant genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, shedding light on the complex molecular mechanisms that plants employ to combat drought stress. The study also emphasizes the significant advancements in genetic engineering techniques, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, which have revolutionized the creation of drought-resistant crop varieties. Furthermore, the article explores microbial biotechnology’s pivotal role, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae, in enhancing plant resilience against drought conditions. The integration of these cutting-edge biotechnological interventions with traditional breeding methods is presented as a holistic approach for fortifying crops against drought stress. This integration addresses immediate agricultural needs and contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security in the face of escalating climate change challenges.

The myrtle (Myrtus communis) plant naturally grows in the temperate Mediterranean and subtropical regions and is used for various purposes; thus, it is among the promising species of horticultural crops. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of different propagation systems, including rooting, solid media propagation, rooting, and with the Plantform bioreactor system, in achieving healthy and rapid growth of four myrtle genotypes with diverse genetic origins and well-regional adaptation. The selection of myrtle genotypes with distinct genetic backgrounds and proven adaptability to specific regions allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the propagation systems under investigation. Present findings proved that the Plantform system, the new-generation tissue culture system, was quite successful in micropropagation and rooting myrtle genotypes. We succeeded in vitro micropropagation and rooting of diverse wild myrtle genotypes, enabling year-round propagation without reliance on specific seasons or environmental conditions. The process involved initiating cultures from explants and multiplying them through shoot proliferation in a controlled environment. This contributes to sustainable plant propagation, preserving and utilizing genetic resources for conservation and agriculture.

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69+-14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin's scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method.

Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) belongs to the Rosacea family. The main distribution area for edible cherry laurels is the Blacksea shores in Turkey. In the study, it was aimed to reveal the differences among the various cherry laurel genotypes by using the SSR molecular marker technique. Cherry laurel genotypes were selected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. A total of 15 SSR primer pairs were developed and used for Prunus species, and the phylogenetic relationship and polymorphism rates were also demonstrated. As a result, 13 SSR primers resulted in scorable DNA band profiles. UDAp-401 SSR primer was detected with a minimum of 3 alleles and BBCT001 primer with a maximum of 17 alleles. The average number of alleles was observed at 9 per locus. Whereas, the average number of polymorphic bands per SSR marker was calculated as 8.38. Additionally, 109 polymorphic DNA profiles were obtained from a total of 117, and the polymorphism rate was calculated as 93.5%. The band patterns resulting from SSR analysis showed multiple alleles, suggesting polyploidy in cherry laurel. In conclusion, we determined that the SSR molecular markers could be used to identify the different cherry laurel genotypes. Furthermore, these results depicted that among the different genotypes sampled there is significant genetic variability that can be useful for future research and breeding programs.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management, morbidity and mortality of ectopic pregnancy (EP) by evaluating all cases treated in a tertiary care center in Ankara. Methods: A total of 1243 cases were retrospectively studied who were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy during the clinical course and were treated in the early pregnancy unit between January 2014 and December 2018. Demographic information from hospital records, e.g., risk factors, ultrasound findings, initial and followed up b-hCG levels, and treatment methods (followed up, medical, and surgical) were recorded. Results: The incidence of EP was 7 per 1000 pregnancies. The mean age was 30.64±5.71 years. The most common risk factors for EP were previous abdominal surgery (37.8%) and previous miscarriage (28.6%). Eighty-three (22%) of patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2014, 129 (34.2%) of patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2016, and 165 (43.8%) of patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 had a history of Cesarean section. Seventy-seven (6.2%) cases were followed up, 487 (39.2%) were treated surgically, and 772 (62.1%) were treated with methotrexate. Conclusion: Delivery by Cesarean section is a risk factor for the development of EP. Cesarean section has been shown to be an important factor in the increase of the incidence of EP over the years. As a result of this increase, new treatments have been developed and conservative surgical or drug treatments have been initiated. Close monitoring of the current literature evaluating ectopic pregnancies and treatment according to this literature will decrease mortality and morbidity rates.

In order to prevent the spread of the virus during the Covid-19 epidemic period, measures such as maintaining social distance, quarantine practices, and keeping schools closed have been taken in many countries. In this process, individuals' internet use has also increased in order to restore interpersonal relationships that have decreased with staying at home. In addition, the transfer of educational activities, which are risky to be carried out face-to-face during the epidemic period, to online platforms, as in many countries, brought about an increase in the time spent on devices with internet providers in adolescents. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the results of studies examining the concepts of internet and smartphone addiction in relation to the use of the internet in the Covid-19 period. In this context, in this systematic review, "What is the status of adolescents' smartphone and internet addictions in the Covid-19 Era?" The question has been tried to be answered. As a result of the searches made in the databases, fourteen studies were reached and these studies were examined in depth. The findings showed that adolescents’ internet/smartphone addictions were higher than before the epidemic, the prevalence of internet/smartphone addictions increased in general, and internet/smartphone addictions were associated with adolescents' mental disorders and problems.

COVID-19 pandemisi hayatın her alanını etkilemiş ve insanların yaşam tarzlarında önemli değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Küresel salgının toplumsal hayatta meydana getirdiği önemli etkilerden biri de yüzyüze eğitime getirilen sınırlamalar ve buna yönelik alınan kararlar gelmektedir. Yüzyüze eğitime ara verilmesi ve uzaktan eğitimin zorunlu olmasıyla birlikte eğitimin her alanında uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları yaygınlaşmış ve yükseköğretim öğrencileri de ders çalışma ve öğrenme süreçlerini uzaktan eğitimle gerçekleştirmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu kapsamda, en az bir tane muhasebe dersi almış öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim ve yüz yüze eğitime ilişkin karşılaştırmalarından hareketle muhasebe derslerine ilişkin öğrenme ve ders verimliliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmış ve 2020-2021 Bahar eğitim döneminde İşletme bölümü öğrencilerine anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun; uzaktan eğitim sürecinde sayısal temelli derslerin ortalama süresinin 40 dakika olmasını tercih ettiklerini, uzaktan eğitimde derslerin verimli ve faydalı olduğu görüşüne katılmadıklarını ve pandemi sonrasında tüm muhasebe derslerinin yüzyüze yapılmasını istediklerini ortaya koymuştur. Anketin sonucunda uzaktan eğitimle ilgili öğrencilerin kişisel düşünce ve değerlendirmelerine de yer verilmiştir. Burada dikkat çeken hususların içerisinde; giderilmesi geciken alt yapı sorunların olması, bazı öğretim üyelerinin e-postalara zamanında cevap vermemesi, ödev yöntemiyle veya çevrimiçi ortamda gerçekleşen sınavlarda ölçme ve değerlendirmede yapılan haksızlıklar yer almaktadır.

The creation of homozygous plants is essential for both genetic studies and the production of hybrid seeds, particularly in plants that were pollinated by an alien species. Dihaploid (DH) technology is an important application in obtaining homozygous lines used to plant speed breeding programs. The generation of haploid embryos by pollen irradiation and pollination of female flowers with irradiated pollen has been successfully applied. The influence of irradiated pollen on the induction of haploids in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been evaluated on 16 different sunflower lines from Turkey’s National Sunflower Breeding Program. In this study, pollen grains were irradiated with varying dosages of Gamma rays (500-1000 Gy) to generate parthenogenetic haploid embryos in oilseed sunflowers. At a period of 12–20 days following the process of pollination, embryos were plated into modified MS culture media under a 16/8 h photoperiod and a temperature of 25◦C. Parthenogenetic 18457 embryos at different developmental stages were rescued in vitro and 650 were germinated. The ploidy analysis of regenerants was made with chromosome count and flow cytometry. Except for 500 Gy, all dosages were effective for inducing embryos and haploid plants. Obtained results indicate that parthenogenetic haploid embryos can be produced in K3AD SN:8, IMI 069, and IMI 044 sunflower genotypes by selecting the appropriate Gamma ray dose and embryonic developmental stage. This study was focused to recover sunflower doubled haploids to accelerate the production of non-segregating lines for breeding.

The Myrtle plant (Myrtus communis L.) is a plant species of the Myrtaceae family and a member of the maquis community, which naturally spreads in Mediterranean regions. Being resistant to arid conditions, the ecological distribution areas of the myrtle plant have been allowed to expand. The myrtle plant has been used of medicinal and aromatic plants, having interesting and beautiful flowers, and rich nutrient content of the fruit in terms of valuable phytochemicals, in particular, the nutritional content of its fruits and valuable metabolites have allowed the myrtle plant to be among the healthier foods. Antioxidant activity, which neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes many medical problems, is one of the most important features of the myrtle plant. Investigation of the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, which leads to antioxidant activity, and determination of the biosynthesis in different tissues and genotypes is important, especially in the development of production activities. Furthermore, this study aimed to investigate the anthocyanin biosynthesis in different genotypes with white and black fruits and various tissues of genotypes. For this purpose, the expression levels of CHS, CHI, F3H and PAL genes, which are involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, were determined by qRT-PCR. In the study, it was determined that there was an increase in the level of genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in the leaf and fruit tissues of the genotype with white fruits. It was determined that the expression level of genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin was observed to be higher in the leaf and fruit tissues of the genotype with black fruits, and the highest gene expression level was found in black fruits. It was observed that anthocyanin biosynthesis was synthesized in different tissues of the plant, and anthocyanin biosynthesis was higher in fruits compared to leaves.

Introduction:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities of reproductive age and has a highly heterogeneous nature regarding its multisystemic symptoms. To elicit pathophysiological roots, metabolic mapping and between-correlations among key parameters are of vital importance. We generated a platform including cardinal hormones, lipids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and oxidative markers [total-oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), copper (Cu)] related to pathophysiology.Methods:This prospective case-control study included 46 patients with PCOS and 44 non-PCOS healthy women. Samples were obtained from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital. TAS, TOS, and Cu levels were measured by automated methods.Results:Anti-Mullerian hormone, total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, TOS, OSI were increased in patients with PCOS with no significant differences in the mean values of other parameters. ROC analysis revealed that TOS and OSI had an acceptable predictive value for PCOS diagnosis. Plasma HOMA-IR, triglyceride, HDL, TT, and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels were correlated with OS markers.Conclusion:Redox status was found to be sensitive to hormonal alterations. Metabolites were then were compared with the oxidative markers to reveal any relationship that may explain the causal link between metabolic and redox changes Ultimately, evaluating broad-based metabolic profiling of patients, the current study contributes to the literature, which has controversial data and correlation findings poses new questions requiring further research to elicit underlying mechanisms and so to set new targets for both prevention and treatment.

Cultivated strawberry has been developed from hybridization between Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana. The progenitor species exhibit significant genetic diversity. Growth attributes of progenitor species and their responses to several stress factors have been studied. However, iron-deficiency tolerance (FeDT) of different species have merely been tested under hydroponic conditions. This study evaluated FeDT of 23 genotypes belonging to super-seed collection under hydroponic conditions. Two genotypes (one Fe-deficiency tolerant and one sensitive) were selected from screening experiment and their physiological and morphological mechanisms playing role in FeDT were determined. Plant parameters associated with FeDT, i.e., pH of the growth medium, root Fe reductase activity, total and active Fe concentration of shoot were recorded. The Fe-efficiency of strawberry subspecies varied between 51% and 98%. Fe efficiency values also varied among subspecies. AukeLake and RCP37 belonging to F. chiloensis were highly resistant and sensitive to Fe-deficiency, respectively based on Fe efficiency values. A highly significant relationship was observed between Fe concentration and FeDT of the genotypes. Acidification of nutrient solution and root Fe reductase activity were closely related to high shoot iron concentration. Our findings indicated existence of a close relationship between root uptake and root to shoot translocation of Fe, which ultimately contribute greatly to FeDT among tested strawberry genotypes.

In this study, the solid culture method, and Plantform™ and SETIS™ temporary immersion bioreactor systems were used comparatively to propagate, root, and acclimatize ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘Azman’ banana varieties for rapid, cheap, and mass production in in vitro conditions. Micropropagation rate, plant height, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weight parameters were investigated in the micropropagation stage across eight subcultures. Rooting rate, plant height, number of leaves, number of roots/plant, root length, fresh and dry weight parameters were investigated in the rooting stage. Photosynthetic pigment analyses and stoma examinations were performed throughout all stages. In the micropropagation stage, a 20% increase in the Plantform™ system, a 12% increase in the SETIS™ system in ‘Grande Naine’, an 82% increase in the Plantform™ system, and a 98% increase in SETIS™ system in ‘Azman’ were determined compared to the solid culture. At the rooting stage, higher data were obtained from bioreactor systems than solid culture. Plants from bioreactor systems acclimatized faster and developed healthier in the greenhouse stage. It was determined that stomata were more active, and pigment accumulation was higher in bioreactor systems. Genetic variations across subcultures are among the most critical issues in banana clonal propagation. Leaf samples were taken from each system, and plant variation was investigated using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. No variation was observed from the initial stage to the greenhouse stage. As a result, it has been determined that bioreactor systems are an essential alternative for the mass production of bananas.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a tropical and subtropical climate plant with high economic value and nutritional content. Having valuable phytochemicals in terms of health caused an increase in demand for pomegranate consumption and this situation accelerated pomegranate production. However, global warming and climate changes are among the factors limiting the production of pomegranate. Especially abiotic stress factors caused by adverse ecological conditions cause significant economic losses in pomegranate production. Drought stress, which is one of these negativities, causes fruit cracking problem, which is one of the important problems in pomegranate production. Minimizing the fruit cracking problem, which causes economic losses, is possible by breeding varieties that are resistant to under non-irrigated conditions. Determining the resistance of the cultivars to be used in breeding programs against fruit cracking will allow the development of elite cultivars. For this purpose, it was aimed to determine the fruit cracking rates of 30 different pomegranate genotypes in the Pomegranate Genetic Collection of Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, under non-irrigated conditions. A correlation was made between the cracking rates of the genotypes and the amount of soluble solids content (SSC). According to the correlation analysis between the cultivars, there is no statistically significant difference between the SSC and the cracking rate. However, a weak negative correlation was determined between SSC-cracking rate (-0,1132). In the light of the pomological data obtained, it was determined that 8 pomegranate genotypes grown under non-irrigated conditions had a fruit cracking rate of 40 % - 85 %, cracking rates were below 10 % in 8 pomegranate genotypes and no fruit cracking was observed in 6 genotypes. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that drought stress was effective on the fruit cracking rate or the exacerbation of the fruit cracking rate, but the resistance level of some genotypes against the fruit cracking problem was high.

ÖZ: Doğal afetlerin ve özelde depremlerin oluşturduğu tehlikelerin üstesinden gelme maksadıyla toplumsal bilinç ve algı düzeyinin belirlenmesi sosyolojik araştırma alanları içerisinde kendisine yer bulmaktadır. Alan yazınında afet algısı farkında olma terimiyle açıklanmaktadır. Sosyal algının inşa edilme sürecinde sosyolojik bakış açısı insanların fiziksel ve sosyal dünyayı anlamasına ve etkileşimde bulunmasına odaklanmaktadır. Deprem riskinin dünyada ve Türkiye'deki yansımaları değerlendirildiğinde yapılan analizlerin; depremin bir doğa olayının yarattığı riskin ötesinde, ülkelerin gerçekliğine bağlı olarak toplumsal bir risk özelliği taşıdığı ifade edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, 30.10.2020 tarihinde İzmir kentinde meydana gelen depremin toplumsal bilinç üzerine yansımalarını incelemektedir. Bu çerçevede metodolojik açıdan nitel araştırma veri toplama teknikleri arasında yer alan görüşme formu önceden hazırlanmış, soru formları sistematik bir biçimde görüşülenin deneyimlerinin elde edilmesini amaçlamıştır. Çalışmaya Bayraklı, Buca ve Bornova ilçelerinden 336 katılım sağlanmıştır. Devamında nicel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan tarama araştırması kapsamında survey tekniğine dayalı tarama deseni sonrası tanımlayıcı veriler yapılandırılmış, görüşme formunda yer alan sorular düzenlenmiş ve veri madenciliği teknikleri arasında sınıflandırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Depreme dair depremzedelerin bilgi düzeyinin test edildiği araştırmada“mahalle bilgisi, eğitim durumu, hanede yaşayan birey sayısı, mülkiyetin sağlamlığı düşüncesi, yaş, mülkiyeti edinme nedeni, aylık toplam geliri, mahallede ne kadar yıl yaşandığı ve bina yaşı” değişkenlerinin önemi bulgulanmıştır. Bu açıdan risk teşkil eden ve deprem bölgesinde yer alan fiziki alanlarda ikamet eden bireylerden yerleşim yerinin risk düzeylerine göre imar düzenlemelerinin ivedilikle yerine getirilmesi ve depreme dair özellikle kadınların ev içerisinde daha uzun süre kalmalarından dolayı bilinç düzeylerinin artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. ABSTRACT: Determining the level of social awareness and perception in order to overcome the dangers caused by natural disasters, earthquakes in particular, finds a place in sociological research areas. In the literature, disaster perception is explained with the term awareness. In the process of building social perception, the sociological perspective focuses on people's understanding and interaction with the physical and social world. When the analysis performed the world and its impact on Turkey earthquake risk assessment; it has been stated that earthquakes carry a social risk characteristic depending on the reality of the countries, beyond the risk of a natural event. This research examines the reflections of the earthquake that occurred in the city of Izmir on 30.10.2020 on social awareness. In this framework, the interview form, which is one of the methodologically qualitative research data collection techniques, was prepared in advance. The questionnaires aimed to obtain the experiences of the interviewees in a systematic way. 336 participants from Bayraklı, Buca and Bornova districts were participated in the study. Afterwards, descriptive data were obtained by arranging the questions in the structured interview form, after the data collection process based on the survey technique within the scope of screen research, which is among the quantitative research methods and the classification method among data mining techniques was applied. In the study, the level of knowledge of earthquake was tested, the variables of "neighborhood knowledge, educational status, number of individuals living in the household, the idea of the soundness of the property, age, the reason for acquiring the property, the monthly total income, how many years lived in the neighborhood and the age of the building" were found to be important. In this respect, it has been concluded from the individuals residing in physical areas in the earthquake zone that the reconstruction arrangements should be carried out urgently according to the risk levels of the settlement and that the awareness level of the earthquake should be increased, especially since women stay in the house longer.

We evaluated the patterns of genetic variation of 16 Colchicum species, including 37 different genotypes, using RAPD marker and trnL–trnF chloroplast DNA sequence. A total of 861 polymorphic alleles through RAPDs showed a mean of 33.88 ± 3.80 alleles per primer, while mean major allele frequency was 0.067 ± 0.05. The sequence length of trnL–trnF ranged from 1022 bp to 1081 bp. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to understand the relationship between Colchicum species and the discrimination power of the nuclear and chloroplast genome for species. The results showed that trnL–trnF gene region grouped Colchicum species well in comparison with RAPD analysis. This data was also supported by haplotype network analysis, structure analysis and PCA (Principle Component Analysis). This study showed that there is a need for a characterization that contains more molecular and morphological methods to correctly distinguish Colchicum species.

In order to increase access to nutritious foods around the world, innovative technologies need to be developed and integrated into agricultural production systems. The new plant breeding techniques developed offer many advantages for making modifications in the plant genome. CRSPR/Cas9, one of the genome editing technologies, is an efficient system with high potential that allows the formation of target-oriented mutations in many agricultural products and allows the mutation of new and desired characters to be obtained through breeding programs without the use of foreign genetic elements. In this review, we have summarize the discovery, evalution, functionality, genome editing studies of plants and the strong potentials of CRSPR/Cas9 technology for plant breeding.

Mahalle halkının talep ve isteklerini dile getirdiği ilk merci muhtarlık makamıdır. Muhtarlık 2015 yılına kadar yoğun talep görmeyen bir makam iken 2015 yılından sonra oldukça cazip hale gelmiştir. Bu cazip duruma, muhtarların sosyal ve ekonomik haklarında yapılan iyileştirmeler ile Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından aralıklar halinde yapılan toplantılara katılma ve kabul görme durumları sebep olarak gösterilebilir. 2015 yılı sonrasında mahalle muhtarlığının daha cazip hale getirilmiş olması sonrası muhtar adaylarının teşviki ile halk yaşadıkları mahalleden ikamet adreslerini doğdukları mahallelere taşımaya başlamıştır. Çalışmadaki amaç, kırsal kesimde yer alan mahallelerin muhtar seçimi noktasında seçmenlerin etik davranış göstermeyip yaşamlarını sürdürdükleri mahallede değil de kendi doğdukları mahallelere kendi istediği adayın muhtar seçilmesi amacıyla ikamet adreslerini değiştirmeleri sorununu gündeme taşımaktır. Bu doğrultuda örneklem olarak Malatya ilinin Akçadağ ilçesi ve mahalleleri alınmış olup, 31 Mart 2019 muhtarlık seçimleri öncesi 2017 ve 2018 yılları arası ile sonrası 2019 yılında Akçadağ ilçesindeki mahallelerin nüfus değişim hareketleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonrasında 2017 ile 2018 yıllarında ilçe mahallelerinde önemli düzeyde nüfus değişimlerinin yaşandığı, Akçadağ ilçesinin kırsal kesimindeki mahallelerin çoğunun 2017 yılına göre 2 kattan daha fazla nüfus artışının gerçekleştiği ve 2019 yılında ise genel olarak yeniden nüfusun azalmış olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

Turkey has an advantageous position for the cultivation of ornamental plants for reasons such as favourable conditions, proximity to markets and cheap labour. In addition to classical production methods, biotechnological methods are used to meet the demand of Spathiphyllum, which is an indoor plant. In recent years, it has been started to be used in micropropagation of plants called temporary immersion system as well as classical tissue culture systems. Within the scope of the present study, micropropagation and rooting studies were carried out using classical tissue culture system and Plantform, one of the temporary immersion bioreactor systems, in the commercially important Spathiphyllum ‘Chico’ genotype. MS medium containing 1 mg L-1 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was used in micropropagation experiments established in both systems, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg L-1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was used in rooting experiments. The results of micropropagation and rooting have been found to be successful in both systems. As a result of the screening with Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers, it was determined that there were no genetic differences in the plants that were reproduced and rooted.

The existence of a large amount of seeds in citrus fruits results as a major impediment to customer acceptability, even if the fruits have high organoleptic properties. Irradiation, which mainly reduces seed number of varieties, is a faster way than hybridization. The use of irradiation in citrus breeding programs is now quite widespread with most programs in the major citrus producing countries actively developing new selections. The present study reports the primarily results of gamma irradiation on seed number and fruit quality of Ortanique tangor mutant population. The shoots of scion were irradiated with gamma rays from 60Co at the dose of 50 Gy (gray) in April of 2014. All the treated buds were then immediately budded onto rootstocks and the survival rate was recorded as 60.34%. In order to stabilize the mutation, mV3 plants were developed by re-budding and plants at mV3 generation were transplanted in the orchard in 2017. Within the following year, 68 mV3 plants out of 852 grown in the field bore sufficient amount of fruit and were screened in terms of 19 fruit quality characters such as seed number per fruit, fruit diameter and ripening index. Fruit diameters of mV3 population varied from 56.72 mm to 84.79 mm, and fruit weight ranged between 90.00 g and 287.60 g. The number of seeds per fruit ranged between 0.6 and 13.1 whereas seed number of non-irradiated Ortanique tangor was recorded as 10.7 in the same fruit crop year. In general, fruit characteristics such as fruit weight, fruit height and fruit diameter which describe fruit size of a big part of the population, were similar to Ortanique tangor. According to primarily results, 18 plants have been described as low seeded (≤4). In addition, a cluster analysis was performed by using Euclidean similarity coefficient and similarity index ranged between 29.29% and 93.10% regarding variables related to fruit. The stability of mutations detected is being evaluated and new commercial field trials will be established with the selected materials.

BACKGROUND: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a common neurovascular disorder associated with a higher risk of stroke within the first 24 h after the first event. Acute cerebral and arterial neuroimaging combined with long-term electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring have been proven to be useful in determining etiology. Cardio-embolism constitutes 20%–26% etiology of TIAs most of them with atrial fibrillation (AF). Investigation of AF after TIA is very important because oral anticoagulants can reduce the risk of subsequent stroke by two thirds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 45 patients suffering from TIA with undetermined source according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria; the control group (n = 45) was selected from the patients admitted to cardiology outpatient clinic with nonspecific complaints without cerebrovascular and/or cardiovascular disease. All patients underwent echocardiography and 24 h Holter ECG monitoring (HM). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the patient group and the control group in terms of age and gender. Cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and urea levels, left atrium diameters and the incidence of hypertension, coronary artery diseases, and AF were significantly higher in TIA group (P < 0.05). In the results of HM, there were six patients with AF in the study group, and in the control group, there was no patients with AF (P = 0.03). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In acute phase of TIA, 24 h HM is important for determining the etiology and selecting an appropriate treatment that can protect patients from subsequent strokes.

Starting from the 1970s, the discussion about the negative effects of human activity on the world has accelerated and with a increasingly raised voice and it has been noted that the natural balance of our world was being altered. The World Health Organization has focused its policies and directives on strategies aimed on dealing with climate change (and its impact on human health), and diseases related to air pollution and implementing health-related sustainable development goals in climate friendly-hospitals. Hospitals exist to treat patients, but they also pollute the environment because hospitals consume a lot of energy and water and produce hazardous waste. These organizations need to work hard to improve their carbon footprints. The study investigated practices at 21 public hospitals in Konya, Turkey. Results show that domestic waste was on average 54.83 tons per year, medical waste was 33.59 tons per year and packing waste was 24.36 tons per year. It was determined that medical waste disposal costs on average of €26,800 per annum, and the amount of medical waste per bed was 1.15 kilograms per annum. According to 2014 medical waste data the average medical waste per bed of these hospitals in Konya province is less than the average in Turkish public hospitals, in which it is 1.18 kilograms per bed. The hospitals in our study were found to be especially inadequate at water management and did not pay much attention to green practices.

Çalışmada, ‘Tuzcu 31-31 turuncu’ ve ‘C-35 sitranjı’ turunçgil anaçlarının, in vitro’da geleneksel katı kültür ve geçici daldırma prensibine dayanan Plantform biyoreaktör sistemi ile karşılaştırmalı olarak mikroçoğaltım ve köklendirme denemeleri yürütülmüştür. Turunçgil anaçlarının katı kültür mikroçoğaltım denemeleri için, Murashige ve Skoog (MS) ve Woody Plant (WPM) besin ortamları ile bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerden 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0; 1,0; 2,0 mg L-1), Kinetin (KIN) (0; 0,5; 1,0 mg L-1) ve 2-Isopentenyl adenine (2IP) (0; 1,0; 2,0 mg L-1) farklı konsantrasyonları denenmiştir. Katı kültür köklenme denemeleri için; MS, ½ MS, WPM besin ortamları ile 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mg L-1) ve Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mg L-1) bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerinin farklı konsantrasyonları incelenmiştir. Her iki genotip içinde en iyi mikroçoğaltım sonuçları 2,0 mg L-1 BAP içeren MS besin ortamından ve en iyi köklenme sonuçları 0,5 mg L-1 NAA içeren ½ MS besin ortamından elde edilmiştir. Mikroçoğaltım ve köklenme için belirlenen en iyi besin ortamı içeriği ile Plantform biyoreaktör sisteminde çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, her iki genotipte de kardeşlenme ortamında, Plantform sistemi bitki kalitesi bakımından daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. Köklenme ortamında Plantform sistemi, katı kültür besin ortamına göre daha avantajlı bulunmuştur. SSR markırları ile yapılan tarama sonucunda da, Plantform sisteminde çoğaltılan ve köklendirilen bitkilerde, herhangi bir genetik açılımın olmadığı belirlenmiştir.