Search

Objectives To assess the appropriateness and readability of large language model (LLM) chatbots' answers to frequently asked questions about refractive surgery. Materials and Methods Four commonly used LLM chatbots were asked 40 questions frequently asked by patients about refractive surgery. The appropriateness of the answers was evaluated by 2 experienced refractive surgeons. Readability was evaluated with 5 different indexes. Results Based on the responses generated by the LLM chatbots, 45% (n=18) of the answers given by ChatGPT 3.5 were correct, while this rate was 52.5% (n=21) for ChatGPT 4.0, 87.5% (n=35) for Gemini, and 60% (n=24) for Copilot. In terms of readability, it was observed that all LLM chatbots were very difficult to read and required a university degree. Conclusion These LLM chatbots, which are finding a place in our daily lives, can occasionally provide inappropriate answers. Although all were difficult to read, Gemini was the most successful LLM chatbot in terms of generating appropriate answers and was relatively better in terms of readability. Keywords:Artificial intelligence, chatbots, refractive surgery FAQs, ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the effective optical zones (EOZs) of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (F-LASIK) by utilizing topographic methods on the tangential curvature difference map at postoperative 1 year and to identify parameters linked to the EOZ alterations following both surgeries. Methods: Myopic patients who underwent SMILE or F-LASIK were included in the study. Patients with refractive error greater than −9.0 D sphere or −0.50 D of astigmatism were excluded from the study. EOZs were measured at postoperative 1 year by using the tangential curvature difference map of the Scheimpflug tomography system. Correlations between the EOZ alterations and relevant parameters were assessed. Results: In total, 59 eyes in the SMILE group and 65 eyes in the F-LASIK group were assessed. The decrease in EOZ compared with the programmed optical zone was significantly higher in the F-LASIK group (P < 0.001). The increase in corneal asphericity was significantly relevant to the decrease in EOZin both groups according to the multiple regression analysis (P < 0.001, B/95% CI: 0.62/0.34 and 0.90, standardized-Beta: 0.587 for the SMILE group; P < 0.001, B/95% CI: 0.74/0.41 and 1.07, standardized-Beta: 0.631 for the F-LASIK group). Conclusion: The EOZ decreased 1 year after both SMILE and F-LASIK. The SMILE group showed less EOZ reduction than F-LASIK patients relative to the programmed optical zone. The decrease in EOZ was correlated with the increase in corneal asphericity in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the applicability of microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) in the removal of C.I. Vat Green 1 dye from water by adsorption. mZVI particles were characterized by SEM, EDX, BET surface area analysis and pHzpc. The changes in the surface properties of the mZVI particles used in the analysis were determined by SEM and EDX. Spherical particles smaller than about 5 µm with a surface area of 5.2 m²/g BET supported the high removal efficiency. Changes in particle size and shape and elemental composition after the analysis confirmed the high adsorption efficiency, and the pHzpc value of 5.73 led to high removal efficiency at low pH. In order to evaluate the removal efficiency, adsorption kinetics and isotherms of C.I. Vat Green 1, parameters such as solution pH, iron dosage, reaction temperature and pollutant concentration were investigated by batch series of experiments. While the removal efficiency decreased at pH values greater than 3, mZVI dosages greater than 1 g/L and increased pollutant concentration, the efficiency increased at dosages up to 1 g/L and with temperature increase. It was determined that the optimum pH was 3 and the optimum mZVI dosage was 1 g/L. The results of TOC analysis also confirmed that the removal mechanism is adsorption. It was found that the kinetic data fit the pseudo second order model best. The adsorption equilibrium data were represented by the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 36.50 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microscale Fe/Ni bimetallic particle was examined to convert O2 to H2O2 and further to •OH radicals and to degrade metronidazole (MNZ) antibiotic in a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. The properties of the bimetallic particle before and after the reaction were studied using SEM, EDX, XRD, and BET techniques. The complete removal of MNZ was achieved within 15 min with an initial pH of 3, oxygen flow rate of 150 L/h, Fe/Ni of 1 g/L, and MNZ of 25 mg/L. Under these conditions, the maximum H2O2 concentration of about 31 mg/L was generated but only 27% of TOC was removed after 60 min. The presence of NaCl and the high ionic strength accelerated the iron dissolution and MNZ removal efficiency. The reaction was mainly inhibited at the solution pH of 7, implying the significance of solution pH in Fenton-like process. Besides, the possible MNZ degradation pathway was further proposed based on the intermediates identified by GC/MS. Acetamide was monitored as the degradation intermediate. The results showed a significant contribution on the usage of a catalyst for in-situ generation of H2O2 via the activation of dissolved oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of paracetamol pharmaceutical from the aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from wood sawdust (WSAC) was studied in the current research. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model WSAC paracetamol removal, optimize operational parameters, and determine the impact of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of paracetamol, and contact time. According to the results of variance analysis (ANOVA), the quadratic model was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), and the determination coefficient value (R2=0.9847) was high. The high determination coefficient value of the quadratic model indicated that the experimental results adapted well with the predicted results, that is, the model was valid for envisaging the experimental results. The optimum conditions were obtained to be 0.16 g/100 mL WSAC dosage, 11.52 mg/L initial paracetamol concentration, and 90.52 min contact time by the desirability function, resulting in the paracetamol removal of 99.24%. The results of the isotherm studies indicated that the isotherm equations of Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin all fit the paracetamol adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of WSAC was calculated as 15.90 mg/g using the Langmuir isotherm equation. Kinetic study results revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model adapted well to the paracetamol adsorption data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since conventional biological treatment methods are not sufficient alone to treat landfill leachate, this study investigated the efficacy of the heterogeneous Fenton process as a preliminary treatment technique. With this aim, a two-level factorial design combined with the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operating parameters for the heterogeneous Fenton process used for treatment of leachate. The surface morphology and elemental analysis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles used in the heterogeneous Fenton process were completed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In order to obtain maximum 75% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal for treatment of leachate with the heterogeneous Fenton process, the optimum conditions for H2O2 and Fe3O4 dosages, stirring rate and initial pH parameters were 800 mg/L, 334.54 mg/L, 255 rpm and 3.34, respectively. The results obtained show the heterogeneous Fenton process abides by the second-order model (R2 = 0.9896), and the variables mentioned above were confirmed to significantly affect the COD removal efficiency. Response surface graphs show the use of higher pH and chemical agents do not increase the COD removal efficiency. This study proves the applicability of the multi-response optimization program for treatment of leachate from a landfill site representing a serious problem in environmental terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the performance of chitin for removing chlortetracycline (CTC) from aqueous solutions was assessed. The effects of pH, chitin dose, CTC concentration and contact time on CTC adsorption by chitin were investigated. The maximum CTC removal efficiency of 82.9% was determined at pH 7, chitin dose of 5 g/L, CTC concentration of 8.8 mg/L and contact time of 120 min. The highest CTC adsorption capacity was found as 12.01 mg/g for CTC of 82.2 mg/L concentration at pH 7. The results demonstrated that CTC removal efficiency decreased from 82.9% to 73.0% with increasing CTC concentration from 8.8 to 82.2 mg/L. The equilibrium data for CTC adsorption indicated a good fit to the Freundlich isotherm model. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best model for describing the adsorption reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)