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The aim of this study is to examine friendship perceptions of Syrian and Turkish children attending the Project of Support to Sport Education Project that aims to gather Syrian and Turkish children through sport and to encourage communication and understanding the tolerate the differences they may have. The research group consists 108 children aged between 5 and 17. The data were obtained through metaphor and pictures. The data were analyzed by content analysis and chi-square test. As a result it was seen that Turkish children had more negative attitudes than Syrian children did [x² (sd = 1, n = 96) = 4.27, p .05].

The purpose of this study was to examine which physical Education objectiveswere perceived to be of the highest priority by highschool students. A total of 181students (105 boys and 76 girls) from different highschools in Ankara were par­ticipated into this study. A questionnaire which includes the 18 objectives ofphysical education were given to students. Research findings showed that so­cial, ethic, esthetic, rhytmic and coordinative objectives of PE were perceived tobe of the highes priority by female students. However, the male students wereprimarily perceived the physical objectives of physical education.&nbsp, Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi amaçlarını hangi öncelik sırasıyla algıladıklarını tespit ederek, cinsiyetlerine göre beden eğitimi derslerindenderslerinden beklentileri belirlemektedir. Çalışmaya, Ankara il merkezindeeğitim­öğretim veren farklı türdeki 6 lise ve okuldan toplam 181 öğrenci (105erkek, 76 kız) katıldı. Öğrencilere beden eğitimi dersinin 18 maddelik genelamaçlarını da kapsayan bir anket uygulandı Araştırma sonucunda, kızöğrencilerin beden eğitimi derslerinin sosyal, etik, estetik, ritmik ve koordinatifkapsamlı amaçlarına öncelik tanıdıkları, erkek öğrencilerin ise öncelikli amaçlararasında beden eğitiminin fiziksel amacını ön plana çıkardıkları görüldü.&nbsp

Bu araştırmanın amacı, voleybol ve futbol branşlarındaokullararası karşılaşmalara katılan ilköğretim öğrencilerinin, spordafair play ilkelerine uyma düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırma grubunu,Ankara ili merkez ilçelerindeki sekiz ilköğretim okulunda öğrenimgören, futbol ve voleybol branşlarında okullararası karşılaşmalarakatılan 10-16 yaşları arasındaki, 92’si kız 95’i erkek toplam 187 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracının oluşturulmasıiçin “İlköğretim Okulları, Lise ve Dengi Okullar Beden Eğitimi DersiÖğretim Programları”nda ve Beden Eğitimi derslerinde gerçekleşmesibeklenen amaçlardan biri olarak belirlenen fair play’e yönelik, “Dostçaoynama ve yarışma, kazananı takdir etme, kaybetmeyi kabullenme,hile ve haksızlığın karşısında olabilme” amacı esas alınmış ve buçerçevede, fair play’e uygun davranışları içeren bir madde havuzuoluşturulmuştur. Hazırlanan 26 maddelik bir ön uygulama anketi araştırma kapsamına alınmayan 95 öğrenciye uygulanarak veri toplamaaracının güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması yapılmıştır (α:. 82). Maddetoplam korelasyonu. 30’un altında olan 7 madde anketten çıkarılarak19 maddelik asıl uygulama aracı oluşturulmuştur. Temel verilerinçözümlenmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik tekniklerden yararlanılırken, birbağımlı değişken üzerinde etkisi araştırılan iki alt kategorili bağımsızdeğişkenin istatistiksel analizinde bağımsız gruplar için t-testi; üç yada daha fazla alt kategorili bağımsız değişkenlerde ise tek yönlüvaryans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır.Okullararası karşılaşmalara katılan öğrencilerinin karşılaşma öncesi fair play anlayışları, cinsiyetlerine [t (185) = - 3. 281; p< 0. 05] vebranşlarına [t (185) = 5. 245; p< 0. 05] göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken,karşılaşma esnası ve karşılaşma sonrasında cinsiyet ve branşa görefair play anlayışlarında anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Yaş değişkenine göre de karşılaşmanın hiçbir bölümünde anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin karşılaşma öncesi, esnası ve sonrası öngörülen fair play ilkelerine genellikle uygun davrandıkları, özellikle takımiçi yardımlaşmalarının üst düzeyde olduğu ve karşılaşma sırasındaseyircilerin olumsuz tezahüratlarından etkilenmedikleri görülmüştür.Karşılaşma öncesi fair play’e uygun davranışlar sergilemede, erkeköğrencilerin kız öğrencilere, branşı futbol olanların branşı voleybololanlara, 14 ve üzeri yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin, diğer yaş gruplarındaki öğrencilere göre üstünlüğü söz konusudur. Çocuğun, yaşla birlikte saldırganlık duygularını kontrol edebilmesi ve öfkesini uygun şekildeifade etmeyi öğrenmesi beklenilen bir sonuçtur. Bununla birlikte voleybol branşında karşılaşmalara katılan kız öğrencilerin, ağırlıklı olarakfutbol branşında karşılaşmalara katılan erkek öğrencilere göre 12-13yaşına kadar daha hızlı büyüme gösterip gelişmesi, onların dahaagresif tavırlar sergilemesine yol açmaktadır. Bu durumun voleybolbranşındaki yansıması ise fair play’e uygun olmayan davranışlarındaha sık gerçekleşmesi şeklinde olmuştur.&nbsp

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, doğa ve kültür mantarlarının gelişimi ve çeşitliliği bakımından diğer bölgelere göre avantajlı konumdadır. Mantar gelişimi için gereken ekolojik koşullar bölgenin doğasında hemen her mevsim kendiliğinden oluşmaktadır. Özellikle kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliğinde en büyük mali giderlerden biri olan soğutma ve ısıtma masrafları bu sayede aşağı çekilebilmektedir. Ancak bu tür avantajlara rağmen Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde mantar üretim ve tüketim miktarı istenen düzeyde değildir. Çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturan bu tespit; Doğu Karadeniz’in kalabalık nüfuslu illerinden biri olan Trabzon’u akla getirmiş ve söz konusu ilde mantar tüketim alışkanlıkları, hazırlanan bir anket formu yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin tüketim alışkanlıklarına olan etkisi de araştırılmıştır. Anket çalışması 2014 yılı nisan ve mayıs ayları içerisinde ‘Basit Tesadüfi Örnekleme’ yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Anket sorularının değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programı kullanılmış, anlamlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki Chi- square (X2) testi ile hesaplanmıştır. Katılımcıların % 74.6’sı kültür mantarı tükettiğini, % 25.4’ü tüketmediğini, aynı katılımcıların % 38.1’i doğada kendiliğinden yetişen mantarı tükettiğini ve % 61.8’i tüketmediğini belirtmiştir. Mantar tüketiminin artırılması için yapılması gerekenler arasında; tüketicilerin bilinçlendirilmesi ilk sırada yer almıştır., Eastern Black Sea region has the advantage in terms of growth and diversity of culture and wild mushrooms compared to the other regions of Turkey. Almost each season, necessary ecological conditions occur for the growth of the mushrooms in nature of region, spontaneously. Thus, especially heating and cooling costs which is one of the most important financial expenses in mushroom cultivation can be reduced in this way. Despite of these advantages, production and consumption of mushroom is not at the desired level in many provinces of Eastern Black Sea region. This case which is the exit point of project brought to mind Trabzon which is one of the prominent cities in many respect of Eastern Black Sea region. Mushroom consumption habits in this area were examined with wia survey forms. In addition; the effect of socio-demographic characteristics of the participants to the consumption habits was also investigated. Survey study was done by using 'Simple Random Sampling' in the months of April and May of 2014. SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used for evaluation of survey question; relationship between significance level was determined by Chi- square (X2) test. Participants of the 74.6% were indicated that consumed culture mushroom and participants of the 38.1% were indicated that consumed nature mushroom. What needs to be done to increase the consumption of mushrooms; being to raise the consumer's awareness have taken place on the top., DOI: 10.15318/Fungus.2016222681

Purpose: In this study, alternative women games, which was one of the operational response theydeveloped against the efforts to prevent participation of women in the beginning with various cultural,religious, social and biological reasons, was examined in terms of the effects and its consequences.Method: Literature review of qualitative research methods was used in the study. In this perspective,data, periodical publications related to alternative women games, which was one of the tools that theyused to overcome obstacle in front of their participation in modern Olympics, was collected byreviewing and interpreted.Findings: Although “the inspiration from ancient Olympic games” was generally given justification toOlympic gender discrimination that personally resulting from the philosophy of its founder, it can besaid that the perception of women related to Victorian Era, which the social class to which Coubertinbelong modeled, was the actual determinant. Hence, before the 1936 Olympics, in a radio conferencein which he explained the philosophical basis of modern Olympics for the first time, Coubertinexplained that the problem was related to social role of women by saying “…in my opinion, the trueOlympic hero is the individual male adult… I personally do not approve of the participation of womenin public competitions, which is not to say that they must abstain from practicing a great number ofsports, provided they do not make a public spectacle of themselves…” Even Coubertin’s opinion toprevent women became concrete in 1896 Olympics; this would cause development of womenopposition and women taking stage with two branches (tennis and golf) in 1900 Paris without theformal approval of International Olympic Committee. After 1904 Olympics in which only Americanwomen participate, in 1908 and 1912, it was observed that the number of women participant increased.However, participation “within the framework of men permitted” and “in the level that will notundermine the current women perception” would lead Alice Milliat, who was the leader of developingwomen movement, to create their own international sport organization and International WomenSports Federation (FSFI) would be founded in 1921. After the first pioneering Women Olympics in1921 Monte Carlo, IOC, which had a major concern in the face of positive effects of the gamesorganized on 20 August 1922 in Paris with participation of 77 Athletes from 5 countries and includedathleticism in the program as well on women, announced that international federations should takecontrol of women activities. The success of first women Olympic games forced IOC to negotiate withFSFI about women athletics. According to negotiation between IAAF and Alice Milliat, 10 activitieswould be given to women athletes, the control of women activities would be left to FSFI, the word“Olympic” would be removed in women games. As a result of this, the name “Women World Games”was used instead of “Women Olympics” in 1926 (Goteborg), 1930 (Prague) and 1934 (London).However, in 1928 Amsterdam, Coubertin opposed to women’s inclusion in some athleticism events,deterioration of two women in 800-meter was seen as an opportunity by the Baillet-Latour, thesuccessor of Coubertin, it was decided that women should participate in proper and aesthetic eventssuch as gymnastics, fencing and tennis, they should stay away from masculine events, and womenwere expelled from 800-meter event in 1932 Olympic Games. The decision of Alice Milliat, who sawthat women athleticism events were not enough, to continue organizing Women’s World Gamesresulted in inclusion of women in more athleticism events. As a victim of its own success, although itwas closed in 1938, FSFI, whose structure was designed and implemented by Alice Milliat and hercolleagues, would become a model for many independent women sports federations and clubs tostruggle with current authorities.Conclusion: The participation process of women in modern Olympics evolved from the certainprevention opinion of Coubertin to delimiting within the framework of men permitted, from this toultimately acceptance. While the struggles of IOC and IAAF to prevent women from Olympic gameswith various decisions resulted in organization of women’s own games, “competing women” gainedinterest and support of the entire world. Women’s World Games proved that women could besuccessful in sports like men could, guaranteed the place of women in Olympics, provided increase ofparticipation and events.&nbsp

The aim of this study was to evaluate presentation formats of acquisitions and role models through the mediawhich provided by the early republic staff whom strived to make women modernized and more visible inpublic area through sport as a success and beneficial tool. Literature search method which is evaluated as oneof the qualitative research methods is used in research, inversion process of traditional women to modernone, regulations which prepare the ground for women’s participation in sports and reviews of sport womenwho have reached to high performance have been interpreted by following through era media. There was noremarkable change achieved in women’s position which traditional social structure gave them a passive role inthe constitutional period. A rapid progress has been achieved in limited environment at the beginning thoughradical steps of republic in supportive fields which aimed to gain a modern life style for women. Showing upof Turkish women yet in 1936 Berlin Olympics which can be counted as a short time for social changes, is themost concrete view of this in the sports field. The size of the modernization effort progress in Turkey cannot bedenied. If the negative legacy left to world’s women considered about women’s participation to the games byfounder willpower of modern Olympic Games with the obsession of “ancient age” sample. Access of women topublic area and equal education rights was primarily guaranteed by legal regulations in early republican period.Modernizing instruments should not conflict with women’s functions which is being “wife and mother” ascribedas a public role in the culture? Sport was seen as the most effective instrument in this context. Healthy, strongcommunity could be created by the children of women who have gained health and power through physicaleducation. Indeed, especially in a short time, women from high socio-economic situated families’ daughters,sister of athletes began to appearing in sports area. Thus presentation of the sport women performancessupported with plenty of visual materials and incentive interviews with sport women about modern life stylesstarted to taking place more and more in media from the beginning of 1930s. Sport ‘s effects on health, beautyand especially aesthetic emphasized and women’s attention intensified to sport who doesn’t fit to presented“new women” model with their physical mode. Bodies of beauty queens were shaping with body exercise,effects of sports on weight loss were showing. Policies which attracts large numbers of women to sport seemsto caught most conducive environment with participation of two female athletes to the Olympic Games yetin 1936. As a result, the traditional gender role of women were tried to be inverted to modern expectationsthrough sports and athletes during the early republic period; sport were tried to be one of the indispensablesof modern lifestyle with national, social, sanitary and aesthetic reasons.

It was the aim of this study to discuss the reasons and results of the prevention of women’s participations inOlympic Games in late 19th century, recreated by Baron Pierre de Coubertin with the mission of “humanisticexcellence and international peace via sport”. Literature review technique, considered to be one of the qualitativeresearch methods, was used in the study. In this context, data concerning the process of the participation ofwomen in Modern Olympic Games were obtained through a detailed review of Baron Pierre de Coubertin’sarticles, books and printed speeches and other related sources. Olympism is a philosophy of life aiming to raise acompatible, decent and peaceful ideal man via sport. However, the targeted ideal man who would be presentedas a role model in Olympic Games excluded the woman right from the start, which indicates that the ideal manwas identified as man. As a matter of fact, once on a radio speech, Coubertin would describe Olympic hero asan adult man and stress that he disapproves of participation of women in Olympic Games, free for everybody.The roles of the woman in Olympic Games should have been to engarland the winners as it was in the past.Gender roles Coubertin’s philosophy of Olympism foresaw are clear but open to discussion. The common beliefis that the prevention of the participation of married woman has been inspired by ancient Olympic Games. Yet,the main reasons are the woman’s manner and her social roles. Coubertin believes that it is not possible forwomen to take part in competitions because of their sensitive emotional manners. In fact, he is not opposed tothe woman’s participation in sport, but he is opposed to the idea that women present themselves in the freecompetitions. Furthermore, he is worried that the equality of man and woman in his age would affect the manauthority in family and society. As a result of this, Olympic Games has been given a role of sustaining the roleof man since the late 19th century modernization process accelerating against the threat of changing the dailyroutine of the gender role. Women’s winning right of participation for modern Olympic Games and her beingput in the position of otherness by the philosophy of its founder came true by surpassing the obstacles thereasons of which are not known. In spite of Coubertin, women succeeded to penetrate into the 1900 OlympicGames in two branches. They organized themselves in a short time with the woman movement developed bythe leadership of sport woman Alice Milliat and they organized the first women Olympic Games in 1921 andthe first women world games and they became an effective power against the movement excluding them. Theprocess, specifically after the death of Coubertin, caused to free the obstacles of the participation of womenby IOC and led to be almost equal today. Finally, it has been concluded that traditional, religious, social, andbiological reasons play an important role for excluding the women in Olympic Games. However, it causes thewomen to increase their awareness on rights, equality and notion. In spite of Coubertin, women participationin Olympic Games resulted in increasing number of women.

The purpose of this study, it has been aimed to find an answer to the question whether liquid is lost throughout these trainings and if it is, what are its effects on one’s performance. Totally 30 swimmers (age:15.36±1.03 year), 15 girls (age:15.0±0.84 year) and 15 boys (age:15.73±1.10 year), who ranked first five in their age group in Turkey championship, have taken part voluntarily in the study whose topic is “Effects of the changes, due to swimming, in the body water balance on swimming performance”. Years of experience of the swimmers are 8±1.16 year. Either sex group is composed of three swimmers of each style (butterfly, breaststroke, backstroke, free style and medley). Within the study, the measurements of blood hematocrit value, urine density, total body water percentage, body weight and 50m free style performance have been made. In the analyses of the data provided by our study, SPSS 15 program has been used and a cut of point in all the statistical analyses has been taken as 0.05. After the trainings which are done without water reinforcement, it has been observed that for either sex, hematocrit value and urine density increased (p, Yapılan bu araştırmanın amacı; yüzme antrenmanları boyunca sıvı kaybedilip kaybedilmediğini ve eğer sıvı kaybediliyorsa performansa etkilerinin nasıl olduğunun cevabını bulmaktır. Yüzmenin neden olduğu vücut sıvı dengesindeki değişimlerin yüzme performansına etkileri konulu çalışmaya, Türkiye Şampiyonası sonucunda kendi yaş gruplarında ilk 5 içerisinde yer alan 15 kız (Myaş:15.0, SD:0.84) ve 15 erkek (Myaş:15.73, SD:1.10) toplam 30 yüzücü (Myaş:15.36, SD:1.03) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yüzücülerin spor yaşları spor yaşı 8±1.16 yıldır. Her iki cinsiyette de her branştan (kelebek, sırtüstü, kurbağalama, serbest ve karışık) 3’er yüzücü bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada, kan hematokrit değeri, idrar yoğunluğu, toplam vücut sıvı yüzdesi, vücut ağırlığı ve 50m serbest yüzme performansı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızdan elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 15.0 programı (Lisans No: 9888978) kullanılmış ve kesim noktası tüm istatistiksel analizlerde 0.05 olarak alınmıştır. Su takviyesiz yapılan antrenman sonrasında, her iki cinsiyette de, hematokrit değerinin ve idrar yoğunluğunun arttığı (p

In this study, the concept of fair play, which is considered to be a criteria beyond the rules regulating human virtue and behavior, is examined in terms of its reflections on sports activities of antique, middle and modern ages as well as etymological and semantic development. It is seen that the adjective `fair`, describing the play in the concept of fair play, came from the Indo-Germanic origin and has always had its meaning `aesthetic` even today. It is claimed that the concept first emerged as `foule play`, the sheer opposite of the concept itself, in the 15th century tournaments. The relationship of the concept with the sports was first seen in Shakespeare’s plays in the 17th century. The use of the concept in sports environments first was in the 18th century. The behaviors related to the concept in sports environments date far back to earlier centuries, though. The behaviors reflecting fair play were seen both in Olympics of Antique Age and Medieval Knights Tournaments. However, the modern understanding of fair play occurred in the 19th century of England and the concept was mostly related to socio-cultural structure of the century. More specifically, educational reforms in Public Schools, English Royals` enthusiasm for betting and competition, the law of primogeniture, amateur rules has greatly contributed to the rise, development and dissemination of modern fair play, as it is known today.

The aim of this study was to analyze the jumping and force parameters affecting the kinematics andsprint performance of stride length in 20, 40, 60 and 80th meters during the 100m sprint run. 14female athletes voluntarily participated in this study (age=19.15±3.18 year, height=162.33±3.09cm,body weight=54.50±3.44kg, body fat%=8.42±3.01, 100m time=13.3±.60, training year=5.64±2.34).Anthropometric measurements, Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), standing longjumping, standing three-step, standing five-step and standing ten-step jumping tests wereadministered to the participants. For kinematic analysis 100m sprint run was recorded by 4 camerasplaced 20m apart. A 5th camera was used to determine the number of the steps during 100m run.Kinematic analysis was performed by identifying 18 anthropometric points and adding the 6 pointsof calibration cage to this fix point. A direct linear transformation method was employed to convertthe results to a mathematical model. The best indicators of 100m running time were the speed ofthe center of gravity in the 80m (r=-.86; p>0.05) and the standing ten-step jumping (r=-.75; p>0.05).The speed of the center of gravity in the 20, 40 and 60 meters were correlated with standing tenstep jumping (respectively, r=.74, r=.68, r=.76; p>0.05). Standing long jumping performanceassociated with the 40m stride length (r=.62; p>0.05). A strong relationship was found between CMJand 100m running time (r=-.79; p>0.05). The following regression formulas have been developedpredicting 100m running time: 100m running time=17.168208-0.110204 x (CMJ); 100m runningtime=22.795469-0.390397 x (standing ten-step jumping).

The purpose of this study, it has been aimed to find an answer to the question whether liquid is lostas hematocrit value. In order to determine the hematrocrit value, Pico 17 model hematocritcentrifuge of Therma Haraeus brand has been used. The measurements outside the pool have beenmade in an indoor environment, which had the humidity of 60% and the temperature of 28’C, fifteenminutes before and five minutes after the training and the score of 50m free style swimming hasbeen measured in a fifty-meter-long pool with the tempreture of 27’C, five minutes before and tenminutes after the training. All the measurements for each swimmer have lasted two days. On thefirst day, the swimmers were reinforced with water but on the second day they were asked tocontinue their training without the water reinforcement. In the pool, the swimmers have been madeto an aerobic swimming training at the intensity of 70-75% for two hours. The water reinforcementhas been made by means of half liter bottles with the heat of 15’C. The water reinforcement hasbeen applied with the quantity of one liter, half a liter being given at the end of either hour. On bothdays, all the measurements have been repeated before and after the training. In the analyses of thedata provided by our study, SPSS 15 program has been used and a cut of point in all the statisticalanalyses has been taken as 0.05.&nbsp

The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometric proportional relations and grip strengthof elite badminton and tennis players. The sample of this study consists of totally thirty elite tennisand badminton players who participated the study voluntary. Stata 11 package program was used inthe study to analyze the data. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and parametric t- test was usedfor variables As a result of this study, a statistically significant difference between badminton andtennis players is observed for the variables the proportion of forearm/wholearm and proportion ofbitrochanteric diameter/biacromial diameter (p

The student athletes are obliged to balance consistently their athlete and student roles which theypossess (Street, 1999). Some factors affect at this balance. The presentation of the effective factorsin the formation of the student athlete’ identity has constituted the aim of this research. 337student athletes, who operate in different clubs, have participated into the research. The athleteidentity measurement (10 items), the student identity measurement (10 items) and the familialsupport and pressure measurement (21 items) have been applied upon the participants. Descriptiveand confirmative factor analysis have been used in the studies of validity and reliability of themeasurements; in the comparison of the data, t-test, one sided ANOVA and MANOVA analysis havebeen applied.When the student athletes have been compared according to the sport type they undertook, it hasbeen determined that the athlete identity for the ones dealing with the team sports and the studentidentity for the ones dealing with individual sports has been more predominant. When evaluated interms of development periods, it has been sees that; as the age period decreases the studentathletes identities are more pronounced and are receiving more familial support. In terms of interestvariable, the following conclusion has been reached: the more the families’ interest towards theirchildren augments, the more the athlete identities are more pronounced and they feel more support.&nbsp

In recent years, there has been an increase in aggressive behaviors in female soccer. Aggressivebehaviors in female soccer put an emphasis on the question of what the levels of thesportspersonship orientation of female soccer players are. In this regard, it is the aim of the study toinvestigate the sportspersonship orientation of female soccer players. 231 female soccer playersfrom five different leagues in Turkey participated in the study in the season of 2009-2010. TheMultidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale: MSOS, developed by Vallerand et al (1997)and translated into Turkish by Sezen-Balçıkanlı (2009) was employed to gather the data. On the basisof research findings, female soccer players stated that the subdimensions “respect for socialconvention” and “respect for rules and officials” corresponded to them “a lot”, while thesubdimension “respect for one’s full commitment” corresponded to them “exactly”. As for the lastsubdimension “respect for opponents”, female soccer players mentioned that this subdimensioncorresponded to them “partly”. Hence, the lowest average was for informal fair play “respect foropponents” and “respect for social convention” whereas the higher one was for the formal fair play“respect for rules and officials”. Thus, one can argue that sportspersonship orientation in femalesoccer was based more on formal fair-play governed with the rules, and that behaviors can varythrough the referee authority depending on lose or win. However, the sportspersonlike behaviorsobserved in female soccer during and after the game seem to advocate this finding.

Bu araştırma, müsabaka öncesi futbolculara yapılan spor masajının, futbolcularındurumluk kaygılarına etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada;Ankara amatör liglerinde yer alan 6 amatör futbol takımının 65 oyuncusu yeralmıştır. Araştırmadan önce takımların antrenörleri ile görüşülüp önemli maçlarbelirlenmiştir. Bu maçlara çıkmadan 40 dk önce futbolculara Spielberger DurumlukKaygı Envanteri ve anket uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra sporcular iki gruba ayrılarak,deney grubu olarak belirlenen gruba masaj yapılmış ve kontrol grubuyla maçtan 30dk önce tekrar Kaygı Envanteri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan masaj sonucu, deney grubundaki futbolcuların durumluk kaygıpuanlarında, kontrol grubu futbolcularına göre anlamlı derecede azalmagörülmüştür. Yaş değişkenine göre; deney grubunda futbolcuların masaj öncesidurumluk kaygı puan ortalamalarının yaş artışına bağlı olarak yükseldiği ve 18 yaşve altı yaş grubuyla, 23 yaş ve üzeri yaş grubu arasında anlamlı bir fark oluştuğubelirlenmiştir. Masaj sonrası ise, yaş grupları arasında kaygı puan farklılıklarıanlamlı bulunmamıştır.Bu araştırmanın sonucu olarak, masajın, sporcularda müsabaka öncesi durumlukkaygıyı azaltıcı bir etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.&nbsp

Bu çalışmaya, dominant kolu sağ olan 4 bayan 1. lig voleybol oyuncusu (x(yaş)= 21.7±1.5 yıl ,x (boy)=  178±2.9 cm, x(vücut ağırlığı)=66.3±0.9kg,x(VKİ)=20.92±1.8kg/m2,x(spor yaşı)= 11.75±1.8yıl)gönüllüolarakkatılmıştır.Herdenek,rakipsahada bulunanhedefalana5başarılısmaç vuruşugerçekleştirmiştir.Smaçgörüntüleri,60 fpshızında ikiadetdijitalkamera (DragonflyPointGreyResearch,2006)kullanılarakstereoskopikolarakkaydedilmiştir.Deneklerinhareketiuyguladıklarıyerdegörüntülerikalibreetmekiçin1x2x1mboyutunda12adetkontrolnoktasıbulunanbirkalibrasyonkafesikullanılmıştır.İşaretnoktaları,deneklerinvücudundabeşbölgeye(büyüktrokanter,glenohumeraleklem,humeruslateralepikondil,ulnarstiloidçıkıntı,5.metakarpalkemiğindistalucu)yerleştirilmiştir. Kamerala r birbir lerineya klaşık90° ola cak şekildesa bitlenmiştir. Fotogr ametrik çözümleme ise Pictra n yazılımı(Technet GmbH, Germany) kulla nılar ak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ,SPSS10.0 istatistik paket progr amı kullanılar akdeğerlendirilmiştir.Omuz,dirsekve elbileğieklemleriaçılarınınortalamavestandartsapmaları,seçilenbirimzamandaherdeneğeaitbeşbaşarılısmaçvuruşugörüntüsüvebugörüntülerdeneldeedilentoplamdaikiyüzkar esmaçvuruşugörüntüsükullanılarakhesaplanmıştır.Sonuçolarak;çalışmadaneldeedilenbulgularagöre,smaçvuruşusırasındaüst ekstremitedeoluşaneklemaçılarıbireysel farklılıklar göstermekte ve bu farklılıkların smaç vuruş kuvvetini etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla ilerikiçalışmalarda,smaçvuruşundatophızıileüstekstremiteeklemaçılarıilişkilendirilmelidir.Bu çalışmaya, dominant kolu sağ olan 4 bayan 1. lig voleybol oyuncusu (x(yaş)= 21.7±1.5 yıl ,x (boy)=  178±2.9 cm, x(vücut ağırlığı)=66.3±0.9kg,x(VKİ)=20.92±1.8kg/m2,x(spor yaşı)= 11.75±1.8yıl)gönüllüolarakkatılmıştır.Herdenek,rakipsahada bulunanhedefalana5başarılısmaç vuruşugerçekleştirmiştir.Smaçgörüntüleri,60 fpshızında ikiadetdijitalkamera (DragonflyPointGreyResearch,2006)kullanılarakstereoskopikolarakkaydedilmiştir.Deneklerinhareketiuyguladıklarıyerdegörüntülerikalibreetmekiçin1x2x1mboyutunda12adetkontrolnoktasıbulunanbirkalibrasyonkafesikullanılmıştır.İşaretnoktaları,deneklerinvücudundabeşbölgeye(büyüktrokanter,glenohumeraleklem,humeruslateralepikondil,ulnarstiloidçıkıntı,5.metakarpalkemiğindistalucu)yerleştirilmiştir. Kamerala r birbir lerineya klaşık90° ola cak şekildesa bitlenmiştir. Fotogr ametrik çözümleme ise Pictra n yazılımı(Technet GmbH, Germany) kulla nılar ak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ,SPSS10.0 istatistik paket progr amı kullanılar akdeğerlendirilmiştir.Omuz,dirsekve elbileğieklemleriaçılarınınortalamavestandartsapmaları,seçilenbirimzamandaherdeneğeaitbeşbaşarılısmaçvuruşugörüntüsüvebugörüntülerdeneldeedilentoplamdaikiyüzkar esmaçvuruşugörüntüsükullanılarakhesaplanmıştır.Sonuçolarak;çalışmadaneldeedilenbulgularagöre,smaçvuruşusırasındaüst ekstremitedeoluşaneklemaçılarıbireysel farklılıklar göstermekte ve bu farklılıkların smaç vuruş kuvvetini etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla ilerikiçalışmalarda,smaçvuruşundatophızıileüstekstremiteeklemaçılarıilişkilendirilmelidir.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de beden eğitimi hareketinin öncüsü olarak tanınan, ancak Meşrutiyet ve erken Cumhuriyet dönemlerinde spor, kültür, sanat, edebiyat, basın ve siyaset alanlarında da etkili olan Selim Sırrı Tarcan’ın Türk sinema tarihinin ilk evreleri için anlamlı olabilecek faaliyetleri sergilenmekte ve Cuma selamlıklarında çekilen filmlere refakat etme gerekçeleri ve sinemayı kullanım amaçları üstlendiği değişik görevler çerçevesinde açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Meşrutiyet, sinema, eğitim. Selim Sırrı Tarcan, regarded as the pioneer in physical education movement in Turkey, was influential in the field of politics, press, literature, art, culture and sports during Constitutionalism and Early Republic eras. This study displays his significant activities for the first period of Turkish Cinema History and seeks to account for his reasons of accompanying the movies shot in Friday Prayer Ceremonies (Cuma Selamlığı) and his purposes of employing movies in terms of varied duties he used to take over. Key Words: Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Constitutionalism, cinema, education.