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The Turkish Straits are one of the most significant waterways in the world. The straits serve as a link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, connecting Europe and Asia. The Straits have been a crucial passage for trade and commerce for centuries. However, their strategic location also makes them a potential chokepoint in times of war or conflict. The legal and political status of the Turkish Straits has been a subject of concern for many countries, especially those that rely on these waterways for their trade and security. In an attempt to regulate the legal and political status of the Turkish Straits, which has been a topic of discussion and debate for many years, international treaties and agreements have been used to establish an agreed regime among states. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the legal and political status of the Turkish Straits. The book analyzes the various international treaties and conventions that regulate the use of the straits and their implications for the parties involved.

Purpose: A novel acute-phase protein, YKL-40, is known as an inflammation-associated glycoprotein. YKL-40 is shown to be linked to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and tissue remodeling secreted by various cells and is also considered to be stimulated by cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). The present study aimed to investigate YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) after non-surgical periodontal therapy for the first time. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six CP patients and 26 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical measurements were recorded; saliva and GCF samples were obtained at baseline and 1 and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 in saliva and GCF were analysed by ELISA. Results: Salivary and GCF YKL-40 and IL-6 levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in CP patients compared to healthy controls at baseline (p < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after the completion of treatment, both YKL-40 and IL-6 levels in saliva and GCF had statistically significantly decreased compared with baseline values in CP patients (p < 0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was observed between 1 and 3 months in terms of salivary and GCF YKL-40 and IL-6 levels or any of the clinical findings (p > 0.016). Conclusion: Salivary and GCF YKL-40 levels may be useful to evaluate resolution of periodontal inflammation. Within the limits of this study, YKL-40 acute-phase protein might be a potential biomarkerfor detection of periodontitis and monitoring the response to periodontal therapy. This work was supported by Scientific Research Project Fund of Adnan Menderes University with DHF-17002 project number.

Küreselleşme sürecinin yarattığı koşullar altında “mekân” kavramı, politik ve sosyal anlamları itibariyle değişmiştir. Bu durum güvenliğin (ya da şiddetin varlığı ve yönetiminin) sosyo-mekân çerçevesinde analiz edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel güvenlik çalışmalarında “ulusal/devletçi perspektif”in barındırdığı ön kabuller üzerinde durulacaktır. İkinci olarak küreselleşme sürecinin kimlikler, hudutlar ve devlet gücü gibi hususlarda yarattığı etkiler güvenlik bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Böyle bir yaklaşımla, devlet merkezli güvenlik anlayışının dışında “kent”ler, siber-alanlar ve küresel politikalar gibi yeni ulusal olmayan güvenlik alanlarını değerlendirmek mümkün olabilecektir. Bu yeni alanların, küreselleşme ve teknolojik ilerlemeler nedeniyle devletlerin güvenlik politikalarında gittikçe daha fazla hesaba katılması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır., Under the conditions created by the globalization process, the concept of "space" has changed in terms of its political and social meanings. Therefore, security needs to be analyzed in a new sociological and spatial framework. In this study, firstly, the assumptions of "national / statist perspective" in traditional security studies will be explained. Secondly, the effects of the globalization process on issues such as identities, borders and state power will be discussed in the context of security. This kind of perspective offers a different vision from the state-centered security understanding. Thus, it will be possible to evaluate new non-national security areas such as "cities", cyber-fields and global policies. It is emphasized that these new areas should increasingly be taken into account in the security policies of states due to globalization and technological advances.

This article presents a glossary of terms that are frequently used in research on human crowds. This topic is inherently multidisciplinary as it includes work in and across computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, psychology and social science, for example. We do not view the glossary presented here as a collection of finalised and formal definitions. Instead, we suggest it is a snapshot of current views and the starting point of an ongoing process that we hope will be useful in providing some guidance on the use of terminology to develop a mutual understanding across disciplines. The glossary was developed collaboratively during a multidisciplinary meeting. We deliberately allow several definitions of terms, to reflect the confluence of disciplines in the field. This also reflects the fact not all contributors necessarily agree with all definitions in this glossary.

Objective: Resistin is a cytokine involved in insulin resistance, inflammation and immunity. The relationship of resistin with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, one of the key cytokines of periodontal inflammation, is bidirectional. This study aimed to evaluate salivary resistin and TNF-? levels in different periodontal diseases. Methods and Materials: Saliva samples were collected from 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 gingivitis patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals. Probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and plaque index were recorded. Salivary resistin and TNF-? levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inter-group comparison was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc test. Results: G-AgP, CP and gingivitis groups exhibited higher salivary resistin and TNF-? levels compared to the periodontally healthy controls, however, this did not reach to statistical significance (p>0.05). Although both periodontitis groups had significantly higher mean PD, CAL and PBI scores compared to gingivitis group (p0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of the present findings, salivary resistin and TNF-? levels could not differentiate periodontal disease from health. Further investigations with larger sample size are needed to elucidate the potential relationship salivary levels of these cytokines with periodontal inflammation., Amaç: Resistin, insülin direnci, enflamasyon ve immünite ile ilişkili bir sitokindir. Resistinin, periodontal enflamasyonun ana sitokinlerinden biri olan tümör nekroz faktör (TNF)-? ile olan ilişkisi çift yönlüdür. Bu çalışma farklı periodontal hastalıklarda tükürük resistin ve TNF-? seviyelerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Tükürük örnekleri, 20 yaygın agresif periodontitis (Y-AgP), 20 kronik periodontitis (KP), 20 gingivitis hastası ile 20 periodontal sağlıklı bireyden elde edildi. Sondalanan cep derinliği (SCD), klinik ataşman seviyesi (KAS), papil kanama indeksi (PKİ) ve plak indeksi değerleri kaydedildi. Tükürük resistin ve TNF-? seviyeleri enzim bağlı immunosorbent yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Dunn post-hoc testi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Y-AgP, KP ve gingivitis gruplarının tükürük resistin ve TNF-? seviyeleri, periodontal sağlıklı bireylerden yüksekti ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p>0.05). Her iki periodontitis grubunun SCD, KAS ve PKİ ortalama değerleri, gingivitis grubundan anlamlı yüksek olmasına rağmen (p0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırlamaları dahilinde, tükürük resistin ve TNF-? seviyeleri periodontal hastalığı, periodontal sağlıktan ayıramamıştır. Bu sitokinlerin tükürükteki seviyelerinin periodontal enflamasyon ile olan olası ilişkisini aydınlatmak için daha geniş örneklem büyüklüğüne sahip ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.