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This study was conducted to investigate possible use of juice-extracted sweet sorghum stalks (bagasse) as a quality roughage source through silage making. A total of 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotypes supplied from different sources were used as the primary material of the study. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design with 4 replications on the experimental fields of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute under 2nd crop conditions during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 years. Plants were harvested for bioethanol production at milk-dough stage of panicle grains. Plant leaves and panicles were stripped and remaining stalks were extracted through squeezing. Juice-extracted stalks (bagasse) were ensilaged for 60 days and quality traits were analyzed at the end of silage period. As the average of two years, bagasse yields varied between 42.6-113.9 t ha-1, silage DM yields varied between 11.6-40.0 t ha-1. In addition, crude protein (CP) content, acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) values varied between 29.79 - 50.84 g/kg DM, between 49.3 - 91.4 g/kg DM, between 525.1-694.8 g/kg DM and between 351.2-486.8 g/kg DM, respectively. It was concluded based on present findings that silages made from juice-extracted stalks of sweet sorghum grown under 2nd crop conditions of Cukurova region could be used as quality roughage source for livestock. © 2023, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. All Rights Reserved.

The research was carried out to determine the forage yield and quality traits of different 23 populations of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) in GAP conditions. The study was carried out in Akçakale/Şanlıurfa in 2021 under second crop conditions. All populations were harvested during the milk-dough period of the grains in the spike. Although it varies according to the populations in the study, an average of the number of flowering days of the population varied between 68.0 and 84.0 days, plant height between 248.5 and 306.16 cm, the number of leaves on the main stem between 9.83 and 16.0number, the total number of stems between 3.5 and 7.16 number/plant, the dry matter ratio between 17.66 and 45.17%. forage yield between 798.16 and 2569.83 g/plant and hay yield between 272.12 and 1054.18 g/plant. In addition, forage quality characteristics such as: NDF are 52.04-65.65%, ADF are 37.84-45.75%, crude protein rates are 8.49-12.93%, digestible dry matter ratios 52.64-59.42%, dry matter Intake 1.83-2.30%, relative feed values 70.71-104.9, net energy lactation 1.23-1.36 mcal kg-1 DM. It was determined that calcium varied between 0.06-0.21%, potassium varied between 2.47-4.18%, magnesium varied between 0.06-0.25% and phosphorus values varied between 0.33-0.42%. It was concluded that 277, 1566, 2761, 2789, 3329, and 3432;3525, 1625, 2083, 2167, 2322 and 2704 were superior to the standard variety White in term of biomass yield and forage quality, In addition, it was concluded that these populations, which stand out in terms of forage yield and quality, can be evaluated in future breeding studies.

Knowing the fermentation characteristics and quality characteristics of silage is important for silage quality and to feed animal. Fermentation characteristics of silages made in different mixing ratios and cutting periods of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) grown in Çukurova conditions were determined. Different mixing systems of maize and soybean [pure maize, pure soybean, alternate rows (1M+1S, 1M+2S, 2M+1S) and same row (1M +1S, 1M+2S, 2M+1S)]. The forage was harvested at two different growth stages of maize such as the milk and dough stages. In the research, Yeşilsoy soybean variety and 31Y43 variety as silage corn were used as material. The experiments were carried out A split plot randomised complete block design with 4 replications in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute Experiment Area for 2 years under second crop conditions. Although mixing ratios vary according to form periods and years; crude ash content 5.20-11.33%, pH 3.75-5.51, DM ratio between19.60 and 37.59%; lactic acid from organic acids 4.76-163.7%, acetic acid 2.95-94.4%, propionic acid 0.87-4.30%, butyric acid 0.28-55.10% and ethyl alcohol 2.03-25.83%. Pure soybean has higher ash content, pH, AA, PA and BA than pure corn and sowing pattern; It is seen that DM ratio, LA and ethyl alcohol have lower values than pure corn and mixtures. As a result of the research, in terms of important silage parameters, it is seen that the dough stage period has better than the milk stage period and pure corn has better characteristics than pure soybean, and the mixtures are equivalent to corn in terms of fermentation properties.

The aim of the project is to determine grain yield production potentials and related properties of different grain sorghum genotypes under GAP conditions. In this project, 18 line and commercial grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes were used as material. The field experiment conducted under Akçakale/Şanlıurfa representing GAP region conditions during the second crop season in 2020. A randomized complete block (RCB) with 3 replication used as the experimental design. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 5 m long and 0.7 m apart and 15 cm intra-row spacing. In the study, it was determined that the grain yield was 138.07 - 522.25 kg da-1, the plant height was 122.07 - 238.22 cm, the panicle weight was 14.53 - 54.97 g, 1000 seed weight was 12.57 - 29.35 g, flowering days was 65.00 - 82.00 day, and physiological maturation days 138.07 - 522.25 day, although it varies according to the genotypes It has been determined that the genotypes that come to the fore in terms of grain yield have a medium late and upright growth nature. In this study, it was concluded that Macia Big and L20 sorghum genotypes come to the fore both in terms of grain yields and yield components and can be recommended for second crop conditions in the GAP region.

Bu çalışma Denizli ilinin 7 ilçe ve 12 köyden seçilen yüksek kesim meralarının vejetasyon özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2015 yılında yürütülmüştür. Ölçümler modifiye edilmiş tekerlekli lup metoduyla yapılmıştır. Vejetasyon etüdü sonucunda toplam 234 farklı türün varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerden 51 adedi buğdaygil, 56 adedi baklagil ve 127 adedi ise diğer familyalara aittir. Meralarda bitki ile kaplılık oranları % 41.0 ile % 50.3 arasında değişmiştir. Mera alanlarında en sık rastlanan baklagil, buğdaygil ve diğer familyalara ait türler sırasıyla Vicia sativa, Cynodon dactylon ve Carduus pycnocephalus’tur. Tüm mera alanlarına ait botanik kompozisyonda azalıcılar, çoğalıcılar ve istilacı türlerin oranları sırasıyla % 13.0, % 22.0 ve % 65.0 olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen 1 merada mera durum sınıfının riskli ve 11 merada ise zayıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mera sağlığı açısından yapılan sınıflamada Acıpayam İlçesi Karahöyük merası, Tavas Solmaz, Garipköy ve Kızılca meraları “iyi” olarak diğer meralar ise “orta” olarak belirlenmiştir. İhtiva ettiği bitki kompozisyonu, mera durum ve sınıfı ile mera sağlığı dikkate alındığında 12 mera içerisinde Tavas ilçesi Solmaz köyü ve Acıpayam İlçesi Karahüyük meraları en iyi meralar olarak belirlenmiştir., This research was conducted to determine botanical composition of the 12 native rangelands in the high section of 7 district, Denizli, in the year of 2015. Vegetations of the pastures were done by the Loop Method. As a result of the vegetation study, a total of 234 different species were identified. 51 of these species belong to poaceae, 56 to fabeceae and 127 to other families. The most common leguminous, grassy and other family species in the rangelands are Vicia sativa, Cynodon dactylon and Carduus pycnocephalus. In the botanical composition, the ratios of decreaser, increaser and invader species were determined as 13.0%, 22.0% and 65.0%, respectively. It was determined that the rate of plant cover area in the examined rangelands varied between 41.0% and 50.3%. The rangeland status class of the pasture areas has been determined as risky (1rangeland) and weak (11rangelang. In the classification made in terms of rangeland health, Acıpayam District Karahöyükrangeland, Tavas Solmaz, Garipkoy and Kızılca rangeland were determined as "good" and other rangelands were determined as "medium". Solmaz village of Tavas district and Karahüyük rangelands of Acıpayam district were determined as the best rangelands among 12 rangelands by pasture plant composition, rangeland condition and healthy status.

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) is a variety of sorghum developed for the harvest of sweet juice, rather than grain. It has been identified as a potential ethanol feedstock crop for rainfed areas in different parts of the world. It is a promising source of bioenergy due to its high biomass, drought tolerance and low input. This study was conducted to determine the potential of bioethanol production from different sweet sorghum varieties under the Çukurova conditions with a Mediterranean climate. Experiments were conducted over two years in 2016 and 2017 on the experimental fields of the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute in Adana province between June and October in randomized blocks design with four replications. Harvest was performed at the dough stage of panicle grains. Based on two-year data, an average of days to harvest values of the varieties varied between 98.6 and 134.4 days, plant height between 233.2 and 429.3 cm, stalk diameters between 22.26 and 26.55 mm, stalk yields between 69.0 and 182.6 t ha–1, juice yields between 22.98 and 62.74 m3 ha–1, juice recoveries between 26.79% and 39.94%, brix values between 12.55% and 20.0% and theoretical bioethanol yields between 2020 and 5302 L ha–1. Grass1, M81E, Roma, Theis, UNL Hybrid#3 and No91 genotypes had stalk yields over 150 t ha–1 and bioethanol yields over 4500 L ha–1, thus they were superior to the other varieties in stalk and bioethanol yields. Present findings revealed that the Çukurova region was quite suitable for maximum bioethanol production from sweet sorghum. WOS:000791750800002

Sweet sorghum and its bagasse of sweet sorghum plant which is left after extracting of its juice is used for various purposes such as first generation bioethanol, animal feed, fertilizer, biofuel and cellulosic bioethanol production and it has gained significance because of its broad use areas day by day. In this study, it was aimed to determine the theoretical cellulosic bioethanol potential of the remaining stalks (bagasse) of different sweet sorghum genotypes after extraction of its juice. For this reason, 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotypes obtained from different domestic and foreign sources were used as material. Field trials were carried out under second crop conditions in Cukurova (Adana) region in 2016 and 2017. The plants were harvested on dates that coincided with the milk-dough period of the grains in the cluster. After the leaves and inflorescences of the harvested plants were removed, the stalks were extracted and the juice was taken. Theoretical cellulosic bioethanol yields were calculated on the basis of dry matter (DM) in L ton-1 and L da-1 by performing cellulose and hemicellulose analyzes after the stalks (bagasse) was dried. As a result of the study, according to the two-year averages; it was determined that the cellulose content and hemicellulose content of sweet sorghum genotypes and theoretical cellulosic bioethanol yield ranged from 33.21% to 45.13%, from 20.63 to 25.36%, from 183.7 to 231.0 L ton-1 dry matter (DM) and from 297.4 to 767.6 L da-1 (DM), respectively. In the research, it is seen that the remaining bagasse after the removal of juice can be used for cellulosic bioethanol production and Grass1, Tracy, UNL-Hyb-3 and No91 genotypes are prominent genotypes having the capacity to produce cellulosic bioethanol over 600 L da-1 per unit area. It is concluded that if bioethanol is obtained from the juice of sweet sorghum plant and also cellulosic bioethanol is produced from its bagasse remaining after extraction of its juice more bioethanol can be supplied from the unit area by using the whole plant having a high biomass potential and thus it can be provided advantages in terms of different aspects such as sustainability, environment and economy as a renewable energy source., Tatlı sorgum bitkisi ve özsuyu alındıktan sonra geriye kalan posası birinci nesil biyoetanol, hayvan yemi, gübre, biyoyakıt ve selülozik biyoetanol üretimi gibi çeşitli amaçlar için değerlendirilmektedir ve geniş kullanım alanlarından dolayı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı tatlı sorgum genotiplerinin özsuyu alındıktan sonra geriye kalan saplarında (posasında) teorik selülozik biyoetanol potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla yurt içi ve yurt dışındaki değişik kaynaklardan temin edilen 21 farklı tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotipi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, Çukurova (Adana) ikinci ürün koşullarında 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bitkilerin hasadı, salkımdaki tanelerin süt-hamur olum dönemine denk gelen tarihlerde yapılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerin yaprakları ve salkımları ayrıldıktan sonra saplar ekstrakte edilip özsuyu alınmıştır. Özsuyu alınan saplar (posalar) kurutulduktan sonra selüloz ve hemiselüloz analizleri yapılmış ve teorik selülozik biyoetanol verimleri kuru madde bazında L ton-1 ve L da-1 cinsinden hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda iki yıllık ortalamalara göre; tatlı sorgum genotiplerinin selüloz içeriğinin %33.21-45.13, hemiselüloz içeriğinin %20.63-25.36, teorik selülozik biyoetanol veriminin ise 183.7-231.0 L ton-1 kuru madde (KM) ve 297.4-767.6 L da-1 (KM) arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Araştırmada özsuyu alındıktan sonra kalan posanın selülozik biyoetanol üretimi amacıyla kullanılabileceği ve Grass1, Tracy, UNL-Hyb-3 ve No91 genotiplerinin birim alanda 600 L da-1 üzerinde selülozik biyoetanol üretme kapasitesi ile öne çıkan genotipler oldukları görülmektedir. Tatlı sorgum bitkisinin özsuyundan biyoetanol elde edilmesi ve ayrıca geriye kalan küspesinden de selülozik biyoetanol üretilmesi ile yüksek biyokütle potansiyeline sahip bitkinin tamamından yararlanılarak daha fazla biyoetanol elde edilebileceği ve böylece yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak sürdürülebilirlik, çevre ve ekonomi gibi çeşitli açılardan avantajlar sağlanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of sole sowing and intercropping of maize and soybean with different sowing patterns and harvest stages on forage growth, yield and quality. A split plot experiment in randomized block design (RCBD) was established in Adana, Turkey in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Sowing patterns of the intercropping maize with soybean were 1 row maize to 1 row soybean (MI), 1 row maize to 2 rows soybean (M2), 2 rows maize to 1 row soybean (M3) in the alternate rows or 1 maize + 1 soybean (M4), 1 maize + 2 soybeans (M5), 2 maize + 1 soybean (M6) in the same row, respectively. The forage was harvested at two different growth stages of maize such as the milk and dough stages. Intercropping of maize and soybean in the same row produced a significantly higher green herbage and dry- matter (DM) yields than their intercropping in the alternate rows. Our results suggested that intercropping of maize and soybean with a sowing pattern 1M-1S or 1M-2S in the same row and harvesting these intercrops at dough stage of maize could be suggested for higher DM yield with improved forage quality,.

World fossil fuel sources are continuously depleted. thus there is an escalated search for alternative and renewable energy sources. In this sense, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mohlenbr.) constitutes a strong candidate for a cheap and renewable source of energy. This study was conducted to assess the potential of sweet sorghum as a source of biofuel production. Forty-nine sweet sorghum genotypes obtained from various sources were used as the material. Experiments were conducted at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (Adana/Turkey, 36 degrees 51' 35" K and 35 degrees 20' 43" D) in 2015 during the second crop season in randomized blocks design with 4 replications, Number of days to 50% flowering of the genotypes varied between 60.3 - 105.3 days, plant heights between 116.2 - 418.6 cm, stalk yields between 46.4297.4 t ha (-1), biomass yields between 86.0 354.0 t ha(-1), dry matter yields between 13,3 - 79.5 t ha(-1), stalk diameters between 12.6 - 31.4 mm, juice yields between 16275 - 121125 L ha(-1), brix values between 9.60 - 16.50%, potential sugar yields between 1.93 13.9 t ha(-1) and finally theoretical ethanol yields varied between 1028 - 7414 L ha(-1). In the present study, 21 of the 49 genotypes had greater biomass and ethanol potentials than the other genotypes. Based on these results. those 21 genotypes could be used in further evaluation studies in the region.

Soil organic matter (SOM) management to sustain soil quality requires integrated management practices, The goal of our study was to evaluate the long-term (1996 to 2012) effects of annual chemical fertilization and various organic amendments on soil biological and chemical properties and lability of carbon and nitrogen as indicator of SOM management. Treatments including the control, chemical fertilization, compost, cow manure, and mycorrhizal inoculated compost amendments were established for a corn (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation in a randomized complete block design. Composite soils were randomly collected from 0 to 20 cm depth and analyzed for soil biological and chemical proporties. Besides, carbon and nitrogen lability as well as management indices were calculated from measured carbon and nitrogen fractions. Results showed that both compost and cow manure amendments significantly increased total microbial biomass (by 1.8 to 2.2 fold), basal respiration (by 1.3 to 1.9 fold), potentially mineralizable carbon (by 1.1 to 1.4 fold). total organic carbon (6 to 11%), oxidizable carbon (28 to 33%), particulate organic cation (4.2 to 4.5 fold), soluble carbon (1.3 to 1.7 fold), extractable carbon (1,7 to 1.9 fold), total nitrogen (10 to 12%), available nitrogen (2.8 fold), and PON (4.5 to 4.7 fold) with a significant decrease in qCO(2) (20 to 23%), as compared with the control, Moreover, both compost- and cow manure-amended soils had significantly higher values of basal respiration, soluble carbon, extractable carbon, oxidizable carbon, particulate organic cabon, and particulate organic nitrogen than the chemically fertilized soils. The POC and PON lability and management indices consistently accounted and predicted the management induced qualitative and quantitative changes in TOC and TN, over other C and N fractions.

Production of good quality fodder is of a great importance for the economical ruminant production. The present experiment was carried out to study the effects of different sowing patterns and harvest times on digestibile dry matter yield, crude protein yield and feed quality of silages from intercropped soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) systems. A split-plot experiment (8 sowing patterns x 2 harvest times) in randomized block design was established at the Experimental Area of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute in Adana, Turkey, during the growing seasons of 2010 and 2011. The sowing patterns were (1) 1 row maize to 1 row soybean (1M-1S), 2) 1 row maize to 2 rows soybean (1M-2S) 3) 2 rows maize to 1 row soybean (2M-1S) 4) 50 % maize+% 50 soybean in the same row 5) 33.3 % M+66.6 % S in the same row 6) 66.6 M+33.3S in the same row 7) sole soybeans 8) sole maize. The forage was harvested at the milk and dough stages of the maize dents. Results of the study showed that the mixture of 66.6 % maize + 33.3 soybean in the same row when harvested at dough stage could be suggested for higher digestible dry-matter yield with improved silage quality.

Sweet sorghum is a strong candidate for a cheap and renewable source of energy and play a vital role for the uplift of socio- economic status of the farmers of Turkey through the development of high yielding varieties along with a reasonable amount of fodder and biofuel production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of sweet sorghum as a source for fodder and biofuel production, also the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and contributing characters of forty-nine sweet sorghum genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Turkey. Analysis of variance revealed that there are highly significant differences among the genotypes in all investigated traits indicating the presence of variability. The genotypes Smith and Batem-3 with high juice, sugar and ethanol yield can be used for breeding of biofuel production in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for the flowering day, fresh biomass weight, stem fresh weight, juice volume, estimated sugar yield, and estimated ethanol yield. Therefore, these characters could be used for the development of high yielding sorghum varieties through selection in a breeding program.

İyi kalitede yem üretimi ekonomik ruminant hayvan besleme için önemli bir faktördür. Ülkemizde hala kaliteli kaba yem açığı bulunmaktadır. Kaba yem açığını kapatmak için alternatif kaba yem kaynakları bulma arayışları devam etmektedir. Araştırma, endüstride etanol elde etmek amacıyla öz suyu alınmış olan tatlı sorgum sapların (posa) silaj yapılarak kaba yem olarak değerlendirilme potansiyelinin ortaya konulması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Değişik kaynaklardan temin edilen 21 tatlı farklı tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bcolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotipi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri, Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü (DATAEM) Araştırma Alanında 2016 yılında 2. ürün koşullarında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada hasat, salkımdaki tanelerin süt-hamur olum dönemi arasındaki tarihte yapılmıştır. Bitkinin yaprak ve salkımları sıyrıldıktan sonra özsuyu alınan saplar silaj yapılarak yem kalite özellikleri saptanmıştır. Genotiplere bağlı olarak silajların NDF oranının %50.44-71.84, ADF oranının %30.74-47.57,ham protein (HP) oranının %3.36-6.41, SKM oranının %51.84-64.96, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT)oranının %1.69-2.38, net enerji değerinin 1.221-1.459 Mcal/kg ve nispi yem değerinin (NYD)’nin 67.2-120.0 arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Çukurova bölgesinde 2.ürün koşullarında özsuyu alınan saplar ile yapılan silajların kaba yem olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Two experiments each following randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted simultaneously in Antalya and Adana locations in 2015-2016 growing season with 9 different common vetch lines and 3 cultivars to compare their yield and quality performance with respect to 17 different characters and also to find the relationships between them. The results revealed that interlocational difference of mean values for the characters were more pronounced than those within location. From yield and quality parameters investigated in this study significant differences could be noticed for the morphological characters at large and a for a few of the quality characters. Although no line could be identified to be superior for a good number of characters, line 2 has been recognized to be superior.

Amaç: Son yıllarda meydana gelen iklim değişiklikleri nedeniyle suyu etkin kullanan tarımsal ürünler önemli konuma gelmiş durumdadır. Tatlı sorgumun kurağa ve yüksek sıcaklığa diğer ürünlere göre daha toleranslı olması nedeniyle, bitkinin farklı su düzeylerinin bilinmesi önemli olmaktadır. Çalışma, Çukurova koşullarında ikinci ürün tatlı sorgumda farklı su düzeylerinin biyokütle ve bioetanol verimlerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırma, 2017 yılında, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü Araştırma Alanında, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, 3 yinelemeli olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede, bitki gelişim dönemleri boyunca farklı sulama suyu düzeyleri (I1, I2, I3, I4) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, deneme konularına 479.6 mm ile 227.8 mm arasında sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Genel Yorum: Çalışmada farklı su düzeylerinin kuru madde verimi ve biyoetanol verimleri üzerine istatistiki olarak önemli etkide bulunduğu, kuru madde veriminin 6007.4 kg da-1 ile 3661.8 kg da-1 arasında, biyoetanol veriminin ise 189 L da-1 ile 326 L da-1 arasında değişiştiği saptanmıştır. Sulama suyu kullanım randımanları (IWUE) 16.07 kg m-3 ile 12.43 kg m-3 arasında saptanmıştır. Su kullanım randımanları (WUE) ise 10.2 kg m-3 ile 9.4 kg m3 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Deneme konularından elde edilen verim tepki etmeni (ky) değeri 1.17 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Farklı sulama suyu düzeylerinin uygulandığı araştırmada en yüksek verim tam sulanan (I1) konusundan, en düşük verim ise en az sulama suyu uygulanan (I4) konusundan elde edilmiştir. Sulama suyu düzeylerine göre verimlerde paralel olarak düşmüştür.

Bu araştırma, Adana İli Tufanbeyli ilçesinin 5 farklı köyünde bulunan meralarda, vejetasyon yapısının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2010 yılında yürütülmüştür. Vejetasyon etüdlerinde lup metodu kullanılarak meralardaki bitkilerin türleri, meraların bitki ile kaplı alan oranları, azalıcı, çoğalıcı ve istilacı türlerin oranları, mera kalite dereceleri ve mera durumları belirlenmiştir. Meralarda bitki ile kaplı alanda buğdaygiller oranı ortalaması % 36.9, baklagiller oranı ortalaması % 22.0 ve diğer familya bitkileri oranı ortalaması % 41.1, azalıcı türlerin oranı ortalama, % 20.9, çoğalıcı türlerin oranı % 11.9, istilacı türlerin oranı ise % 67.2, mera kalite derecelerinin 2.40-3.92 arasında değiştiği ve meraların durum sınıfının zayıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen meralar ve benzer ekolojik koşullardaki meralarda otlatmanın kontrol altına alınması ve toprak ve topoğrafik koşullarına bağlı olarak üstten tohumlama, mibzerle ekim veya doğal tohumlama yöntemlerinin tek başlarına veya diğer ıslah yöntemleri ile kombine edilerek ıslah edilebilmesi için uygun ıslah yöntemlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik yeni araştırmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 years in order to determine the effects of seed mixture ratio and harvest time of intercropped berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) with triticale (Triticosecale) on dry matter yield and silage quality under East Mediterranean (Cukurova) conditions. Berseem clover (BC) cv. Derya and triticale (T) cv. Tacettinbey were used as plant materials. The seed mixture ratios were sole crops BC and T, BC (80%) + T (20%), BC (60%) + T (% 40), BC (40%) + T (%60) and BC (20%) + T (80%). Forage harvest stages were beginning of flowering (HI), 50% flowering (H2) and full flowering (H3) stages of berseem clover. The experiment was established in a split plot design with four replications under lowland conditions. The mixture-ratios and harvest-stages were allocated as main plots and sub-plots, respectively. In addition to dry matter yield (DMY) and botanical composition, silage samples were evaluated for crude protein (CP), pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations and digestible dry matter (DDM), relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter intake (DMI). The results of the study showed that the seed mixture of 60 % berseem clover + 40 % triticale and harvest at the 100% flowering stage of berseem clover were superior in terms of yield and selected quality parameters.

Bu araştırma,Adana İli Tufanbeyli ilçesinin yüksek kesiminde bulunan 5 farklı merada, botanikkompozisyonun belirlenmesi amacıyla 2010 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada,her merada toplam 12 lup hattındaki 1200 noktada ölçüm yapılarak meralardakibitkilerin türleri, cins ve familyaları, baskın olan türler, bitki ile kaplıalan oranları, yaygın olan türler, türlerin ömür uzunlukları belirlenmiştir. Vejetasyonetütlerinde mera alanlarında familya, cins ve tür sayıları sırasıyla 9-14, 24-45ve 25-51 arasında değiştiği, bitki ile kaplılık oranlarının ortalama % 95.3olduğu, meralarda buğdaygiller familyasının yaygın olarak bulunduğu,, baskınolan türlerin 2/3’ünün çok yıllık olduğu, en yaygın türlerin Chrysopogon gryllus, Hordeum bulbosum,Bromus danthoniae, Trifolium arvense, Astragalus bicolor, Sanguisorba minor ve Eryngium campestre olduğubelirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen meralarda meradurumlarının, mera kalite derecelerinin belirlenerek mera ıslahına yönelik yeniaraştırmaların yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.

This is the first record of Atherigona varia that has been found in Doğankent and Köprülü localities of Yüreğir district of Adana province in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. This species which is a significant pest of sorghum is originally from Africa and spread out Mediterranean countries of Africa, Asia and Europe. It is also recorded to be a potential pest in sorghum fields of Turkey. This pest is also considered to be promising in the biologic control of Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense (L.) which is a serious weed in most parts of the world., Atherigona varia (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Muscidae) Türkiye’de Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Doğankent ve Köprülü Mahallesi /Yüreğir/Adana’da ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Bu tür Afrika orijinli olup Afrika, Asya ve Avrupa’nın Akdeniz ülkelerinde yayılmış ve Sorgumun önemli bir zararlısıdır. Türkiye’nin Sorgum alanlarında potansiyel bir zararlı olduğu, dünyanın birçok yerinde önemli bir yabancı ot olan Sorghum halepense’nin biyolojik mücadelesinde ise ümitvar olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

Araştırma, Çukurova taban koşullarında farklı 20 adi fiğ hat ve çeşidinde ot ve tohum verimi ve verimle ilişkili karakterlerin saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, 2004-05, 2005-06 yıllarında, kışlık ara ürün yetiştirme döneminde, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, 4 tekrarlamalı olarak Çukurova Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde (Doğankent-Adana) yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, iki yıllık birleştirilmiş ortalamalara göre; çiçeklenme gün sayısı 123.5-133.8 gün, ana sap uzunluğu 97.8-122.3 cm, yeşil ot verimi 2930-4758 kg/da, kuru ot verimi 427-709 kg/da, tohum verimi 177-286 kg/da, 1000 tane ağırlığı 62.1-80.6 g, biyolojik verimin 830-1175 kg/da ve hasat indeksinin % 17.01-26.17 arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Kuru ot verimi ile ana sap uzunluğu ve yeşil ot verimi arasında; tohum verimi ile de çiçeklenme gün sayısı, biyolojik verim ve hasat indeksi arasında önemli ve olumlu ilişkiler saptanmıştır. 2637, 2639, 292-1, 1469 ve 1543 hatları kontrol çeşitleri Kubilay-82 ve Ürem-79 çeşitlerinden daha yüksek kuru ot verimlerine sahip olması nedeniyle bölgemizde kışlık ara ürün döneminde ot amaçlı olarak rahatlıkla yetiştirilebileceği ve ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır

The objective of this study was to determine the herbage, seed yields and related characters of the 19 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines. The experiment was conducted in the cropping seasons of 2003 to 2004 and 2004 to 2005 in the GAP Region Agriculture Research Station in Akçakale county-Şanlıurfa province. The experiment was established in a complete randomized block design with three replications.According to the two years average; days to flowering, steam length, dry herbage yield, biological yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and harvesting index were varied between 129-145 (days), 56-75 (cm), 429-567 (kg da-1 ), 735-1145 (kg da-1 ), 214-366 (kg da-1 ), 56.8-78.5 g and 27.74-40.15 (%), respectively.The days to flowering was correlated positively and significantly with the dry herbage yield, but not with the seed yield. Moreover, the seed yield was associated significantly and positively with biologic yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index. And, the 1000-seed weight is related significantly and positively related with the harvest index.Due to the superiority of the three common vetch lines (1, 12 and 13) for dry-matter yield and other three lines for grain yield over Farukbey-2001 control variety under the GAP conditions, it was concluded that these lines could be successfully grown as the winter crop in the region, and accordingly, they were selected for further breeding studies., Araştırma, farklı 19 adi fiğ hattının ot ve tane verimlerinin saptanması amacıyla 2003-04, 2004-05 kışlık ara ürün yetiştirme döneminde, GAP Eğitim Yayım ve Araştırma Merkezine bağlı Şanlıurfa ili Akçakale İlçesi Tatlıca İşletmesinde, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür.Araştırmada 2 yıllık birleştirilmiş ortalamalara göre; çiçeklenme gün sayısı 129-145 gün, ana sap uzunluğu 56-75 cm, kuru ot verimi 392-521 kg da-1, biyolojik verim 735-1145 kg da-1, tane verimi 214-366 kg da-1, 1000 tane ağırlığı 56.8-78.5 g ve hasat indeksi %27.74-40.15 arasında değişmiştir.Çiçeklenme gün sayısı ile kuru ot verimi arasında önemli ve olumlu, tane verimi arasında ise önemsiz; tane verimi ile biyolojik verim, 1000 tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi arasında önemli ve olumlu; 1000 tane ağırlığı ile hasat indeksi arasında önemli ve olumlu ilişkiler saptanmıştır.İki yıllık ortalamalara göre GAP koşullarında 1, 12 ve 13 no’lu hatların kuru ot verimi; 10, 11 ve 12 no’lu hatların ise tane (tohum) verimi bakımından kontrol çeşidi olarak kullanılan Farukbey-2001 çeşidinden daha yüksek verime sahip olmaları nedeniyle, bu hatların bölgemizde kışlık ara ürün döneminde ot ve tane amaçlı olarak rahatlıkla yetiştirilebileceği ve ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

In this research, the effect of green manure crops of legumes such as horsbean, mixture of horsbean+vetch, alexandrie klee, fenugreek on grain yield and some agronomical characters of maize grown on different nitrogen doses (0, 12 and 24 kg N da -1) were investigated. Also, dry matter of nodule, root and biomass of above ground and total amount of N were determined. According to the resulting two years, the total amount of N fixed to the soil by the way of nodule, root and biomass of above ground was between 27.5-38.8 kg da-1. Also it was determined that maize could be grown using less nitrogen fertilizer after the application of green manure. The grain yields of maize applied 24 kg N da-1 and 12 kg N da-1 after the growth of wheat were 1055 kg da-1 and 1141 kg da-1 respectively. The grain yields of maize applied 12 kg N/da-1 after the growth of mixture of horsbean+vetch, fenugreek and horsbean and alexandria klee were 1141, 1122, 1124, 1207 kg da-1 respectively. It was determined that after the application of green manure, maize could be sown earlier than the crop system of wheat+maize cultivated commonly in Çukurova region.

Examining of root system of maize is quite difficult and it takes a lot of time under field conditions. Because of this, the study abcıut maize reformation on root properties are not enough. Using the new method to determine root magnitude is an important subject for maize breeders in recent years. The value of root pulling resistance that is measured by using computer aided machines, can give some information about root system of plant. In this study, an important variation was obtained between 15 hybrid maize varieties due to the rcıot pulling resistance. The root pulling resistance of genotypes changes between 835.4 and 1723.9 N/per plant. It was obtained that there are no significantcorrelation coefficients between root pulling resistance with plant height, first ear height, stem diameter and ear weight per plant.

This study was conducted to determine variability, heritability, and correlations between yield and yield components in 15 kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for 2 years. Direct and indirect effects of yield components on seed yield per plant were investigated. Genotypic variance was the highest for 1000 seed weight, followed by seed number per plant. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 5.47% (days to flowering) to 51.66% (seed number per plant). Heritabilities for seed number, 1000 seed weight, and number of full pods were greater than those for the other traits. Positive and significant (P < 0.05) relationships were determined between seed yield per plant and plant height, first pod height, secondary branch, total pod, and number of full pods and seeds per plant. The path coefficient analysis based on seed yield per plant, as a dependent variable, revealed that all of the other traits, except days to flowering, first pod height, and total pod number, exhibited high positive direct effects. Number of seeds and full pods showed the highest direct influence with 47.49% and 44.73%, respectively. Therefore, this research suggests that seed and full pod numbers can be good selection criteria for improving seed yield per plant in kabuli winter chickpea., Bu çal›flma, 15 nohut çeflidi ile verim ve verim komponentleri aras›ndaki varyasyon, kal›t›m, korelasyon ve bitki bafl›na tane verimi üzerine do¤rudan ve dolayl› etkileri belirlemek için iki y›l süre ile yürütülmüfltür. Genotipik varyasyon 1000 tane a¤›rl›¤› için yüksek olup, bunu bitkideki tane say›s› izlemifltir. Genifl anlamda kal›t›m derecesi % 5.47 (çiçeklenme süresi) ile % 51.66 (bitkideki tane say›s›) aras›nda de¤iflmifltir. Kal›t›m derecesi tane say›s›, 1000 tane a¤›rl›¤› ve dolu bakla say›s› için di¤er özelliklerden daha yüksektir. Bitki bafl›na tane verimi ile bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekli¤i, yan dal, toplam bakla, dolu bakla ve bitkideki tane say›s› aras›nda istatistiki olarak önemli ve olumla bir iliflki saptanm›flt›r. Bitki bafl›na tane verimi üzerine yap›lan path analizi çiçeklenme süresi, ilk bakla yüksekli¤i ve toplam bakla say›s› d›fl›nda kalan tüm özelliklerin yüksek pozitif do¤rudan etki gösterdi¤i ortaya konmufltur. Tane ve dolu bakla say›s› s›ras›yla % 47.49 ve % 44.73 de¤erleri ile en yüksek do¤rudan etkiye sahiptir. Böylece, bu çal›flma kabuli tip k›fll›k nohutta bitki bafl›na tane verimini artt›rmak için tane ve dolu bakla say›s›n›n iyi bir seleksiyon kriteri olabilece¤ini ortaya koymaktad›r.