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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish a rapid visual diagnosis method for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREFm) based on multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) combined with lateral flow strips (LFSs). The MIRA primers and probes were specifically designed to maintain the sequence of the VanA gene of VREFm. We optimized the reaction time and temperature and thoroughly assessed the specificity and sensitivity of the MIRA-LFS system. We also compared the MIRA-LFS method with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and the disc diffusion method. We then evaluated the MIRA-LFS assay for consistency testing and clinical application. The MIRA-LFS technique completed the amplification process within 30 min, and the results were observed on LFS. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with a minimum detection limit of 1.066 CFU/µL for VREFm and exhibited specificity without cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria. When applied to the detection of clinical samples, the method exhibited consistency with the PCR and agar dilution methods. The combined use of MIRA and LFS in this study facilitates simplifying the workflow for detecting VREFm, which is of great significance for rapidly detecting the enterococcal infections and preventing and controlling the nosocomial infections.IMPORTANCEOne of the key approaches to treating and controlling vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREFm) is an accurate and rapid diagnosis. To achieve this goal, a simple and rapid method must be constructed for immediate detection in the field. Multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) is an isothermal rapid amplification method that allows amplification reactions to be completed under room temperature conditions. When combined with lateral flow strips (LFSs), MIRA-LFS enables the rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, the MIRA method often produces false signals. These false signals are eliminated by using base mismatches introduced in primers and probes. The MIRA-LFS system was constructed with high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of VREfm, without the limitation of sophisticated instruments. This enables the prompt formulation of diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

Abstract Background and aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder, marked by the progressive degeneration of joint cartilage, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone hyperplasia. The synovial tissue plays a pivotal role in cartilage regulation. Exosomes (EXOs), small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space, are crucial in mediating intercellular communication and facilitating the exchange of information between tissues. Our study aimed to devise a hydrogel microsphere infused with SOD3-enriched exosomes (S-EXOs) to protect cartilage and introduce a novel, effective approach for OA treatment. Materials and methods We analyzed single-cell sequencing data from 4247 cells obtained from the GEO database. Techniques such as PCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and assays to measure oxidative stress levels were employed to validate the cartilage-protective properties of the identified key protein, SOD3. In vivo, OA mice received intra-articular injections of S-EXOs bearing hydrogel microspheres, and the effectiveness was assessed using safranine O (S.O) staining and IF. Results Single-cell sequencing data analysis suggested that the synovium influences cartilage via the exocrine release of SOD3. Our findings revealed that purified S-EXOs enhanced antioxidant capacity of chondrocytes, and maintained extracellular matrix metabolism stability. The S-EXO group showed a significant reduction in mitoROS and ROS levels by 164.2% (P

Abstract This study aims to establish a rapid diagnostic method for Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow strips (LFS). The best primer pairs designed by SIP gene were screened according to the basic RPA reaction, then the probe was designed. The reaction condition was optimized based on the color development of the LFS detection line. To ascertain the reaction specificity, 10 common clinical pathogens and 10 clinical specimens of GBS were tested. Furthermore, the reaction sensitivity was assessed by utilizing a tenfold gradient dilution of GBS genomic DNA as templates. RPA–LFS method was compared to the qPCR assay and biochemical culture method for the Kappa consistency test. The RPA–LFS technique was able to complete the amplification process within 30 min and the results were observed on lateral flow strips. The method is highly sensitive, with a minimum detection limit of 1.31 ng for GBS. The RPA–LFS method showed consistent accuracy of results compared to qPCR and the culture–biochemical method. The establishment of this method is conducive to the development of on-site immediate detection, which can provide information for the timely development of a reasonable antimicrobial treatment plan, and has a greater potential for clinical application.

Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the common tumors of the female reproductive organs. It has a high mortality rate, is highly heterogeneous, and early detection and primary prevention are very complex. Autophagy is a cellular process in which cytoplasmic substrates are targeted for degradation in lysosomes through membrane structures called autophagosomes. The periodic elimination of damaged, aged, and redundant cellular molecules or organelles through the sequential translation between amino acids and proteins by two biological processes, protein synthesis, and autophagic protein degradation, helps maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy plays a key regulatory role in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, microRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and thus can regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through the regulation of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of autophagy-related gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA analysis studies have now identified a sea of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues that can affect autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, miRNAs in plasma and stromal cells in tumor patients can affect the expression of autophagy-related genes and can be used as biomarkers of ovarian cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential significance of miRNA-regulated autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.

The process of bone regeneration is intricately regulated by various cytokines at distinct stages. The establishment of early and efficient vascularization, along with the maintenance of a sustained osteoinductive microenvironment, plays a crucial role in the successful utilization of bone repair materials. This study aimed to develop a composite hydrogel that would facilitate the creation of an osteogenic microenvironment for bone repair. This was achieved by incorporating an early rapid release of VEGF and a sustained slow release of BMP-2. Herein, the Schiff base was formed between VEGF and the composite hydrogel, and VEGF could be rapidly released to promote vascularization in response to the early acidic bone injury microenvironment. Furthermore, the encapsulation of BMP-2 within mesoporous silica nanoparticles enabled a controlled and sustained release, thereby facilitating the process of bone repair. Our developed composite hydrogel released more than 80% of VEGF and BMP-2 in the acidic medium, which was significantly higher than that in the neutral medium (about 60%). Moreover, the composite hydrogel demonstrated a significant improvement in the migratory capacity and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the composite hydrogel exhibited an augmented ability for osteogenesis, as confirmed by the utilization of ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and the upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes. Notably, the composite hydrogel displayed substantial osteoinductive properties, compared with other groups, the skull defect in the composite hydrogels combined with BMP-2 and VEGF was full of new bone, basically completely repaired, and the BV/TV value was greater than 80%. The outcomes of animal experiments demonstrated that the composite hydrogel effectively promoted bone regeneration in cranial defects of rats by leveraging the synergistic effect of an early rapid release of VEGF and a sustained slow release of BMP-2, thereby facilitating vascularized bone regeneration. In conclusion, our composite hydrogel has demonstrated promising potential for vascularized bone repair through the enhancement of angiogenesis and osteogenic microenvironment.

Transcription factors (TFs) are key players in the regulation of gene transcription in mammalian cells. Although high‐throughput screening can be used to identify differentially expressed genes between comparable groups, the precision of the corresponding datasets is far from optimal. Here, we establish Target Finder of Transcription Factor (TFoTF), a method for the prediction of TF‐targeted genes from genomic and cancer‐related transcriptomic data. TFoTF can identify potential TF‐targeted genes in large cancer datasets and efficiently estimate correlations between TFs and their targeted genes with a significant level of specificity, sensitivity, and precision. Overall, TFoTF is an easy‐to‐use tool that can be utilized to generate testable hypotheses in the context of cancer research projects.

The bone defect caused by fracture, bone tumor, infection, and other causes is not only a problematic point in clinical treatment but also one of the hot issues in current research. The development of bone tissue engineering provides a new way to repair bone defects. Many animal experimental and rising clinical application studies have shown their excellent application prospects. The construction of rapid vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is the main bottleneck and critical factor in repairing bone defects. The rapid establishment of vascular networks early after biomaterial implantation can provide sufficient nutrients and transport metabolites. If the slow formation of the local vascular network results in a lack of blood supply, the osteogenesis process will be delayed or even unable to form new bone. The researchers modified the scaffold material by changing the physical and chemical properties of the scaffold material, loading the growth factor sustained release system, and combining it with trace elements so that it can promote early angiogenesis in the process of induced bone regeneration, which is beneficial to the whole process of bone regeneration. This article reviews the local vascular microenvironment in the process of bone defect repair and the current methods of improving scaffold materials and promoting vascularization.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a hot topic in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with remarkable success. Compared to chemotherapy patients, the 5-year survival rate for immunotherapy patients is 3-fold higher, approximately 4%–5% versus 15%–16%, respectively. Immunotherapies include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, tumor vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and so forth. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors are in the spotlight. Common immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) currently in clinical use include programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4). This article focuses on monotherapy and combination therapy of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. In particular, the combination therapy of ICIs includes the combination of ICIs and chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, the combination of ICIs and anti-angiogenic drugs, the combination of ICIs and radiotherapy, and the combination of ICIs inhibitors and tumor vaccines and so forth. This article focuses on the combination therapy of ICIs with chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, and the combination therapy of ICIs with anti-angiogenic drugs. The efficacy and safety of ICIs as single agents in NSCLC have been demonstrated in many trials. However, ICIs plus chemotherapy regimens offer significant advantages in the treatment of NSCLC with little to no dramatic increase in toxicity, while combined dual ICIs significantly reduce the adverse effects (AEs) of chemotherapy. ICIs plus anti-angiogenic agents regimen improves anti-tumor activity and safety and is expected to be the new paradigm for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Despite some limitations, these agents have achieved better overall survival rates. In this article, we review the current status and progress of research on ICIs in NSCLC in recent years, aiming to better guide the individualized treatment of NSCLC patients.

Abstract Chemoresistance is often a cause of the failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Sorcin (SRI) is a soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein involved in chemoresistant processes and is overexpressed in many chemoresistant cancer cells, including paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant ovarian cancer. Increased SRI can reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and mitochondria and the decrease of calcium ion concentration prevents the occurrence of apoptosis. Here we examined the SRI expression in multiple cancers using a human TissueArray and found that SRI expression was significantly higher in malignant tumor tissues. Furthermore, SRI was overexpressed, while intracellular calcium concentration was decreased, in chemoresistant cancer cells. To restore intracellular calcium homeostasis and overcome chemoresistance, we developed lipid-coated albumin-PTX nanoparticles loaded with SRI-siRNA (LANP-PTX-siSRI) for PTX and SRI-siRNA co-delivery. LANP-PTX-siSRI had dual-target roles in the regulation of SRI and the delivery of PTX into chemoresistant cells. The LANP-PTX-siSRI inhibited the expression of SRI and enhanced intracellular calcium, leading to the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of the growth of PTX-resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the mechanism study revealed that the overexpression of SRI was associated with an impaired TGF-β signaling pathway. The administration of TGF-β1 inhibited two calcium-binding proteins SRI and S100A14. In conclusion, our data unveil that restoring intracellular calcium ion homeostasis via reducing SRI expression can reverse chemoresistance. Thus, the fabricated LANP-PTX-siSRI has a potentially therapeutical application.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide due to the lack of effective diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets, resulting in poor patient survival rates. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a closed-loop structure that plays a crucial role in physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs are involved in the diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance, and development of tumors, particularly in CRC. Therefore, circRNA could be a potential new target for improving CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review focuses on the origin and biological functions of circRNA, summarizes recent research on circRNA’s role in CRC, and discusses the potential use of circRNAs as clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.

The fusion of the secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane requires the assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein complexes formed by synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25. Within the pathway leading to exocytosis, the transitions between the “open” and “closed” conformations of syntaxin-1 function as a switch for the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membranes; rapid assembly and disassembly of syntaxin-1 clusters on the plasma membrane provide docking and fusion sites for secretory vesicles in neuroendocrine cells; and the fully zippered trans-SNARE complex, which requires the orderly, rapid and accurate binding of syntaxin-1 to other SNARE proteins, play key roles in triggering fusion. All of these reactions that affect exocytosis under physiological conditions are tightly regulated by multiple factors. Here, we review the current evidence for the involvement of syntaxin-1 in the mechanism of neuroendocrine cell exocytosis, discuss the roles of multiple factors such as proteins, lipids, protein kinases, drugs, and toxins in SNARE complex-mediated membrane fusion, and present an overview of syntaxin-1 mutation-associated diseases with a view to developing novel mechanistic therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuroendocrine disorders.

Due to the lack of symptoms and detection biomarkers at the early stage, most patients with ovarian cancer (OC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage and often face chemoresistance and relapse. Hence, defining detection biomarkers and mechanisms of chemoresistance is imperative. A previous report of a cDNA microarray analysis shows a potential association of carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT) with taxane resistance but the biological function of CROT in OC remains unknown. The current study explored the function and regulatory mechanism of CROT on cellular behavior and paclitaxel (PTX)-resistance in OC. We found that CROT was downregulated in OC tissues and PTX-resistant cells. Furthermore, CROT expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of OC patients. Overexpression of CROT inhibited the OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-33a-5p bound directly to the 3’UTR of CROT to negatively regulate the expression of CROT and promoted OC cell growth. Finally, overexpression of CROT decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2, whereas knockdown of CROT increased the nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad4, two transducer proteins of TGF-β signaling, indicating that CROT is a tumor suppressor which mediates OC cell behaviors through the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, targeting the miR-33a-5p/CROT axis may have clinical potential for the treatment of patients with OC.

Candida tropicalis is one of the few Candida species besides Candida albicans that is able to produce true hyphae. At present, the commonly used clinical methods for the identification of this organism are traditional fungal culture, CTB staining, and color development. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) are also used to identify this fungus. Since the course of C. tropicalis infection progresses rapidly, there is an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, real-time field assays to meet the needs of clinical diagnosis. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow strip (LFS) can rapidly amplify and visualize target genes within 20 min, and by pre-processing samples from different sources, the entire process can be controlled within 30 min. In this study, RPA-LFS was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) gene of C. tropicalis, and primer-probe design was optimized by introducing base mismatches to obtain a specific and sensitive primer-probe combination for clinical sample detection. LFS assay for 37 common clinical pathogens was performed, sensitivity and specificity of the detection system was determined, reaction temperature and time were optimized, and 191 actual clinical samples collected from different sources were tested to evaluate the detection performance of the established RPA-LFS system to provide a reliable molecular diagnostic method for the detection of C. tropicalis, the results show that the RPA-LFS system can specifically detect C. tropicalis without cross-reacting with other fungi or bacterial, with a sensitivity of 9.94 CFU/µL, without interference from genomic DNA of other species, at an optimal reaction temperature of 39°C, and the whole reaction process can be controlled within 20 min, and to meet the clinical need for rapid, sensitive, real-time, and portable field testing.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen that causes microbiological illness in humans. The introduction of polyvalent vaccines has resulted in a significant decrease in pneumococcal-related mortality. However, pneumococcal infections continue to be a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 and adults over the age of 65 worldwide. A speedy and highly sensitive diagnostic tool is necessary for routine adoption to adequately manage patients and control the spread of infection. In this study, we investigated a new nucleic acid amplification technique, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), which amplifies DNA at 37°C under isothermal conditions with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity. Using the autolysin gene lytA as the molecular diagnostic target, an RPA primer-probe combination was designed and optimized for the detection of S. pneumoniae. This RPA reaction produced amplification products labeled with specific chemical markers, to be detected with gold-nanoparticle-based lateral flow strips (LFS), reducing the reliance on equipment and trained personnel. The high specificity of the RPA-LFS technique was demonstrated with the specific detection of 22 strains of S. pneumoniae but not 25 closely related pathogenic bacteria. The assay showed good sensitivity, and detected S. pneumoniae down to 3.32 colony-forming units/μL. When used on clinical samples, the assay provided accurate and consistent results compared with PCR. The compliance with the culture-biochemistry method was 98.18% and the kappa index was 0.977. These results reveal that the RPA–LFS test significantly improved S. pneumoniae identification, particularly in resource-limited areas.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide, primary cause of respiratory tract infections, septicemia, urinary apparatus infections, and secondary meningitis. It can be fatal. Rapid and accurate detection methods are needed to control the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Current molecular diagnostic methods are limited and not suitable for on-site detection. In this study, an isothermal detection method using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS) was developed to target the blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes of A. baumannii. The reaction was completed in about 40 min at 37°C. This method can also effectively distinguish A. baumannii and CRAB. The limit of detection of 100-101 CFU/reaction was equal to that of other detection methods. The detection accuracy was equal to that of the qPCR method with the use of clinical samples. The RPA-LFS assay is portable, rapid, and accurate and could replace existing detection methods for on-site detection of A. baumannii and CRAB.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important oral pathogen that causes periodontal disease and is difficult to culture under conventional conditions. Therefore, a reliable technique for detecting this pathogenic bacterium is required. Here, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), a new nucleic acid amplification method, was combined with a visualization method based on nanoparticle-based lateral flow strips (LFS) for the rapid detection of P. gingivalis. The species-specific 16S rRNA sequence of P. gingivalis was used as the target for RPA, and a set of specific primer–probe combinations were designed and screened to amplify the target sequences. As a thermostatic amplification method, the RPA reaction, under optimized conditions, takes only 30 min to complete at a constant temperature (37°C). The amplification reaction products can be detected visually by LFS without any need for special equipment. The RPA-LFS method established for the detection of P. gingivalis was shown to be highly specific in distinguishing P. gingivalis from other pathogenic organisms by using 20 clinical isolates of P. gingivalis and 23 common pathogenic microorganisms. Susceptibility measurements and probit regression analysis were performed with gradient dilutions of P. gingivalis genomic DNA. The method was obtained to be highly sensitive, with a detection limit of 9.27 CFU per reaction at 95% probability. By analyzing the gingival sulcus fluid specimens from 130 patients with chronic periodontitis, the results showed that the RPA-LFS method detected 118 positive cases and 12 negative cases of P. gingivalis, and the results obtained were consistent with those of a conventional PCR assay. The RPA–LFS method is an efficient, rapid, and convenient diagnostic method that simplifies the tedious process of detecting P. gingivalis.

Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans)/C. gattii can easily invade the human central nervous system and cause cryptococcal meningitis (CM). The clinical fatality rate of these fungi is extremely high and causes more than 180,000 deaths worldwide every year. At present, the common clinical identification methods of these fungi are traditional culture methods and Indian ink staining. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (qPCR), mass spectrometry, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) have also been applied to detect these fungus. Due to the rapid progress of meningitis caused by C. neoformans/C. gattii infection, there is a desperate need for fast, sensitive, and on-site detection methods to meet the clinical diagnosis. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a promising isothermal amplification technique that can compensate for the shortcomings of the above techniques, featuring short reaction time, high specificity, and high sensitivity, thus meeting the demand for in-field detection of C.neoformans/C. gattii. In our study, RPA- lateral flow strip (LFS) was used to amplify the capsule-associated gene, CAP64, of C. neoformans/C. gattii, and the primer-probe design was optimized by introducing base mismatches to obtain a specific and sensitive primer-probe combination for clinical testing, and specificity of the detection system was determined for 26 common clinical pathogens. This system was developed to obtain results in 20 min at an isothermal temperature of 37°C with a lower limit of detection as low as 10 CFU/μL or 1 fg/μL. A total of 487 clinical samples collected from multicenter multiplexes were tested to evaluate the detection performance of the RPA-LFS system, which revealed that the system could specifically detect C. neoformans/C. gattii, meeting the need for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection.

Oesophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the most common treatment methods for oesophageal cancer. However, traditional chemotherapy drugs have poor targeting performance and cause serious adverse drug reactions. In this study, a GSH-sensitive material, ATRA-SS-HA, was developed and self-assembled with curcumin, a natural polyphenol antitumor drug, into nanomicelles Cur@ATRA-SS-HA. The micelles had a suitable particle size, excellent drug loading, encapsulation rate, stability, biocompatibility, and stable release behaviour. In the tumor microenvironment, GSH induced disulfide bond rupture in Cur@ATRA-SS-HA and promoted the release of curcumin, improving tumor targeting. Following GSH-induced release, the curcumin IC50 value was significantly lower than that of free curcumin and better than that of 5-FU. In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the drug-loaded nanomicelles exhibited better metabolic behaviour than free drugs, which greatly increased the blood concentration of curcumin and increased the half-life of the drug. The design of the nanomicelle provides a novel clinical treatment for oesophageal cancer.

Due to the lack of symptoms and detection biomarkers at the early stage, most patients with ovarian cancer (OC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage and often face chemoresistance and relapse. Hence, defining detection biomarkers and mechanisms of chemoresistance is imperative. A previous report of a cDNA microarray analysis shows a potential association of carnitine Ooctanoyltransferase (CROT) with taxane resistance but the biological function of CROT in OC remains unknown. The current study explored the function and regulatory mechanism of CROT on cellular behavior and paclitaxel (PTX)-resistance in OC. We found that CROT was downregulated in OC tissues and PTX-resistant cells. Furthermore, CROT expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of OC patients. Overexpression of CROT inhibited the OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-33a-5p bound directly to the 3'UTR of CROT to negatively regulate the expression of CROT and promoted OC cell growth. Finally, overexpression of CROT decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2, whereas knockdown of CROT increased the nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad4, two transducer proteins of TGF-b signaling, indicating that CROT is a tumor suppressor which mediates OC cell behaviors through the TGF-b signaling pathway. Thus, targeting the miR-33a-5p/CROT axis may have clinical potential for the treatment of patients with OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]