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Abstract It is vital to explore effective ways for prolonging electrode lifespans under harsh electrolysis conditions, such as high current densities, acid environment, and impure water source. Here we report alternating electrolysis approaches that realize promptly and regularly repair/maintenance and concurrent bubble evolution. Electrode lifespans are improved by co-action of Fe group elemental ions and alkali metal cations, especially a unique Co2+-Na+ combo. A commercial Ni foam sustains ampere-level current densities alternatingly during continuous electrolysis for 93.8 h in an acidic solution, whereas such a Ni foam is completely dissolved in ~2 h for conventional electrolysis conditions. The work not only explores an alternating electrolysis-based system, alkali metal cation-based catalytic systems, and alkali metal cation-based electrodeposition techniques, and beyond, but demonstrates the possibility of prolonged electrolysis by repeated deposition-dissolution processes. With enough adjustable experimental variables, the upper improvement limit in the electrode lifespan would be high.

Abstract Background Despite the recognised high prevalence of migraines among bank employees, yet their healthcare utilisation patterns and the economic burden of migraines remain underexplored. Aim To examine migraine-related healthcare utilisation among bank employees in China, and to estimate the economic burden of migraines. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Guizhou province, China between May and October 2022. The HARDSHIP questionnaire was used to identify migraine-positive individuals and enquire about their healthcare utilisation and productivity losses. A probabilistic decision-analytic model with a micro-costing approach was used to estimate the economic burden from the perspectives of the healthcare system, employers, and society. All costs were expressed in 2022 United States dollars. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Nearly half of individuals with migraines reported not seeking medical care. Only 21.8% reported seeking outpatient consultations, 52.5% reported taking medicines, and 27.1% reported using complementary therapies. Chronic migraine patients had significantly higher healthcare utilisation than episodic migraine patients. Among individuals with a monthly migraine frequency of 15 days or more, 63.6% took inappropriate treatments by excessively using acute medications. Migraines in the banking sector in Guizhou cost the healthcare system a median of $7,578.0 thousand (25th to 75th percentile $4,509.2–$16,434.9 thousand) per year, employers $89,750.3 thousand (25th to 75th percentile $53,211.6–$151,162.2 thousand), and society $108,850.3 thousand (25th to 75th percentile $67,370.1–$181,048.6 thousand). The median societal cost per patient-year is $3,078.1. Migraine prevalence and productivity losses were identified as key cost drivers. Conclusions The study points to the need to raise awareness of migraines across all stakeholders and to improve the organisation of the migraine care system. A substantial economic burden of migraines on the healthcare system, employers, and society at large was highlighted. These cost estimates offer evidence-based benchmarks for assessing economic savings from improved migraine management, and can also draw the attention of Chinese policymakers to prioritise migraine policies within the banking and other office-based occupations.

Abstract The development of highly efficient sodium‐ion batteries depends critically on the successful exploitation of advanced anode hosts that is capable of overcoming sluggish reaction kinetics while also withstanding severe structural deformation triggered by the large radius of Na+‐insertion. Herein, a hierarchically hybrid material with hetero‐Co3S4/NiS hollow nanosphere packaged into a densified N‐doped carbon matrix (Co3S4/NiS@N‐C) was designed and fabricated utilizing CoNi‐glycerate as the self‐sacrifice template, making the utmost of the synergistic effect of hetero‐Co3S4/NiS with strong electric field and rich reaction active‐sites together with the densified outer‐carbon scaffolds with remarkable electronic conductivity and robust mechanical toughness. As anticipated, as‐fabricated Co3S4/NiS@N‐C anode affords remarkable specific capacity, prolonged cycle lifespan up to 2 400 cycles with an only 0.05% fading each cycle at 20.0 A g−1, and excellent rate feature (354.9 mAh g−1 at 30.0 A g−1), one of the best performances for most existing Co3S4/NiS‐based anodes. Ex situ structural characterizations in tandem with theoretical analysis demonstrate the reversible insertion‐conversion mechanism of initially proceeding with Na+ de‐/intercalation and superior heterogeneous interfacial reaction behavior with strong Na+‐adsorption ability. Further, sodium‐ion full cell and hybrid capacitor based on Co3S4/NiS@N‐C anode exhibit impressive electrochemical characteristics on cycling performance and rate capability, showcasing its outstanding feasibility toward practical use.

To achieve low loss and efficient wheat harvest in the Huanghuaihai region of China, this paper designed a tangential and longitudinal-axial threshing and separating unit (TLTSU). Key components such as the tangential threshing rotor (TTR), longitudinal-axial threshing rotor (LTR), and tangential concave were designed. Dynamic balance simulation of the threshing rotors was done to obtain the reaction forces at supporting ends of the threshing rotors and the amount of unbalance, and the amount of unbalance of the LTR was corrected to meet the standard requirement. Response surface optimization experiments of wheat threshing were conducted using throughput, TTR speed, and LTR speed as influencing factors and entrainment loss rate and impurity rate as test indicators. The regression models for the threshing device's entrainment loss rate and impurity rates were established. Through multi-objective parameter optimization analysis, the optimal threshing parameter combination for TLTSU was determined to be throughput of 8 kg s−1, TTR speed of 557 r·min−1, and LTR speed of 900 r·min−1. A validation experiment was conducted on this parameter combination, and the results showed that the entrainment loss rate was 0.27 % and the impurity rate was 28.23 %. The relative errors between the evaluation indicators and the predicted values of their regression models were 3.85 % and 1.4 %, respectively, which were less than 5 %, which proved the correctness of the regression model and provided a reference for the design of threshing and separating unit of wheat combine harvester.

Dynamic predictions of surface subsidence are crucial for assessing ground damage and protecting surface buildings. Based on Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology, a method for making dynamic predictions of large-scale surface subsidence in mining areas can be established; however, the problem of phase coherence loss in InSAR data makes it impossible to predict the complete dynamic subsidence basin. In this study, a method combining the WeiBull time function and the improved probabilistic integral method (IPIM) model was established based on the PIM model, and a method for predicting the dynamic subsidence basin in the mining area was proposed by integrating the IPIM and the combined WeiBull time function. Time-series subsidence data, obtained using SBAS-InSAR, were used as fitting data, and the parameters of the combined WeiBull function were inverted, pixel by pixel, to predict the dynamic subsidence of the working face in the study area. Based on the predicted surface subsidence results of a certain moment in the working face, the parameters of the IPIM model were inverted to predict the subsidence value in the incoherent region. The subsidence predictions of the combined WeiBull time function and the IPIM model were fused using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation to restore the complete subsidence basin in the mining area. This method was tested at the Wannian Mine in Hebei, and the obtained complete subsidence basin was compared with the measured data, with an absolute error range of 0 to 10 mm. The results show that the dynamic subsidence basin prediction method for the SBAS-InSAR mining area, involving the combination of the IPIM model and the combined WeiBull model, can not only accurately fit the time series of surface observation points affected by mining but also accurately restore the subsidence data in the incoherent region to obtain complete subsidence basin information in the mining area.

Abstract Background The contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiota and mycobiota to silicosis has recently been noticed. However, many confounding factors can influence the accuracy of BALF microbiota and mycobiota studies, resulting in inconsistencies in the published results. In this cross-sectional study, we systematically investigated the effects of “sampling in different rounds of BALF” on its microbiota and mycobiota. We further explored the relationship between silicosis fatigue and the microbiota and mycobiota. Methods After obtaining approval from the ethics board, we collected 100 BALF samples from 10 patients with silicosis. Demographic data, clinical information, and blood test results were also collected from each patient. The characteristics of the microbiota and mycobiota were defined using next-generation sequencing. However, no non-silicosis referent group was examined, which was a major limitation of this study. Results Our analysis indicated that subsampling from different rounds of BALF did not affect the alpha- and beta-diversities of microbial and fungal communities when the centrifuged BALF sediment was sufficient for DNA extraction. In contrast, fatigue status significantly influenced the beta-diversity of microbes and fungi (Principal Coordinates Analysis, P = 0.001; P = 0.002). The abundance of Vibrio alone could distinguish silicosis patients with fatigue from those without fatigue (area under the curve = 0.938, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.870–1.000). Significant correlations were found between Vibrio and haemoglobin levels (P

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are major factors in the development of antibiotic resistance in primary care institutions of rural China. In this study, the effectiveness of a Health Information System-based, automatic, and confidential antibiotic feedback intervention was evaluated. Methods: A randomized, cross-over, cluster-controlled trial was conducted in primary care institutions. All institutions were randomly divided into two groups and given either a three-month intervention followed by a three-month period without any intervention or vice versa. The intervention consisted of three feedback measures: a real-time pop-up warning message of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions on the prescribing physician's computer screen, a 10-day antibiotic prescription summary, and distribution of educational manuals. The primary outcome was the 10-day inappropriate antibiotic prescription rate. Results: There were no significant differences in inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates (69.1% vs. 72.0%) between two groups at baseline (P = 0.072). After three months (cross-over point), inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates decreased significantly faster in group A (12.3%, P < 0.001) compared to group B (4.4%, P < 0.001). At the end point, the inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates decreased in group B (15.1%, P < 0.001) while the rates increased in group A (7.2%, P < 0.001). The characteristics of physicians did not significantly affect the rate of antibiotic or inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates. Conclusion: A Health Information System-based, real-time pop-up warnings, a 10-day prescription summary, and the distribution of educational manuals, can effectively reduce the rates of antibiotic and inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions.

Summary: Herein, a hierarchical NiTe@NiFe-LDH core-shell array on Ni foam (NiTe@NiFe-LDH/NF) demonstrates its effectiveness for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline seawater electrolyte. This NiTe@NiFe-LDH/NF array showcases remarkably low overpotentials of 277 mV and 359 mV for achieving current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Also, it shows a low Tafel slope of 68.66 mV dec−1. Notably, the electrocatalyst maintains robust stability over continuous electrolysis for at least 50 h at 100 mA cm−2. The remarkable performance and hierarchical structure advantages of NiTe@NiFe-LDH/NF offer innovative insights for designing efficient seawater oxidation electrocatalysts.

Summary: High-purity hydrogen produced by water electrolysis has become a sustainable energy carrier. Due to the corrosive environments and strong oxidizing working conditions, the main challenge faced by acidic water oxidation is the decrease in the activity and stability of anodic electrocatalysts. To address this issue, efficient strategies have been developed to design electrocatalysts toward acidic OER with excellent intrinsic performance. Electronic structure modification achieved through defect engineering, doping, alloying, atomic arrangement, surface reconstruction, and constructing metal-support interactions provides an effective means to boost OER. Based on introducing OER mechanism commonly present in acidic environments, this review comprehensively summarizes the effective strategies for regulating the electronic structure to boost the activity and stability of catalytic materials. Finally, several promising research directions are discussed to inspire the design and synthesis of high-performance acidic OER electrocatalysts.

To expand the single-dose duration over which noninvasive clinical and preclinical cancer imaging can be conducted with high sensitivity, and well-defined spatial and temporal resolutions, a facile strategy to prepare ultrasmall nanoparticulate X-ray contrast media (nano-XRCM) as dual-modality imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) has been established. Synthesized from controlled copolymerization of triiodobenzoyl ethyl acrylate and oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate monomers, the amphiphilic statistical iodocopolymers (ICPs) could directly dissolve in water to afford thermodynamically stable solutions with high aqueous iodine concentrations (>140 mg iodine/mL water) and comparable viscosities to conventional small molecule XRCM. The formation of ultrasmall iodinated nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 10 nm in water was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering techniques. In a breast cancer mouse model, in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the 64Cu-chelator-functionalized iodinated nano-XRCM exhibited extended blood residency and higher tumor accumulation compared to typical small molecule imaging agents. PET/CT imaging of tumor over 3 days showed good correlation between PET and CT signals, while CT imaging allowed continuous observation of tumor retention even after 10 days post-injection, enabling longitudinal monitoring of tumor retention for imaging or potentially therapeutic effect after a single administration of nano-XRCM.

Using electroencephalogram (EEG), we tested the hypothesis that the association of a neutral stimulus with the self would elicit ultra-fast neural responses from early top-down feedback modulation to late feedforward periods for cognitive processing, resulting in self-prioritization in information processing. In two experiments, participants first learned three associations between personal labels (self, friend, stranger) and geometric shapes (Experiment 1) and three colors (Experiment 2), and then they judged whether the shape/color–label pairings matched. Stimuli in Experiment 2 were shown in a social communicative setting with two avatars facing each other, one aligned with the participant’s view (first-person perspective) and the other with a third-person perspective. The color was present on the t-shirt of one avatar. This setup allowed for an examination of how social contexts (i.e., perspective taking) affect neural connectivity mediating self-related processing. Functional connectivity analyses in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) revealed that self–other discrimination was mediated by two distinct phases of neural couplings between frontal and occipital regions, involving an early phase of top-down feedback modulation from frontal to occipital areas followed by a later phase of feedforward signaling from occipital to frontal regions. Moreover, while social communicative settings influenced the later feedforward connectivity phase, they did not alter the early feedback coupling. The results indicate that regardless of stimulus type and social context, the early phase of neural connectivity represents an enhanced state of awareness towards self-related stimuli, whereas the later phase of neural connectivity may be associated with cognitive processing of socially meaningful stimuli.

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics in children is common in many countries. The purpose of the study was to explore patterns of antibiotic prescribing in children’s outpatient clinics in primary care institutions in a province of southwest China. Methods We obtained electronic prescription data from 75 primary care institutions in Guizhou province in 2020. The classification of incorrect spectrum of antibiotics, unnecessary use and combined use of antibiotics was based on the Guiding Principle of Clinical Use of Antibiotics (2015, China) and guidelines from the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Potential risk factors for inappropriate use of antibiotics were identified using bivariate analyses. The generalized estimation equation was used to identify independent predictors of inappropriate use of antibiotics. Results A total of 158,267 antibiotic prescriptions were retrieved. Acute upper respiratory tract infections were the most common diseases, accounting for 74.9% of all prescriptions. The main antibiotic group used was penicillins (63.7%), followed by cephalosporins (18.8%). Of 137,284 visits, 18.3% of antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate and the percentage of unnecessary use, incorrect spectrum of antibiotics and combined use of antibiotics was 76.9, 2.4 and 2.4%, respectively. Physicians with lower professional titles and more than 40 years of work duration were relatively more likely to prescribe inappropriate antibiotics. Conclusion The inappropriate use of antibiotics in children is still prominent in primary care institutions of southwest China. The education and training of physicians and caregivers in these institutions should be strengthened.

Enterobacter aerogenes, the gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, lacks the ability to synthesize chemicals. However, in this study, a strain of Enterobacter aerogenes NJ1023 screened from the soil containing petrochemicals was found to be capable of producing extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). After purification of the polysaccharide, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide were analyzed by UV–Vis spectra, FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS, etc. The results showed that: The molecular weight of the polysaccharide produced by this strain was only 2.7×103 Da, which was lower than that reported in other polysaccharides from the same genus. The polysaccharide produced by E. aerogenes NJ1023 mainly comprised xylose, glucose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine with a molar ratio of 0.27: 4.52: 1.74: 0.2, which differed from those reported from the same genus. The results demonstrated that lower incubation temperatures and shaking speeds were more favorable for EPSs synthesis, while higher incubation temperatures and shaking speeds favored cell growth. Additionally, the EPSs produced by E. aerogenes NJ1023 significantly protected the Escherichia coli cells against cadaverine stress. Overall, the discovery of EPSs produced by E. aerogenes increased the diversity of bacterial polysaccharides and broadened the potential applications of this species.

Summary: Electrochemical reduction of nitrite (NO2−) can satisfy the necessity for NO2− contaminant removal and deliver a sustainable pathway for ammonia (NH3) generation. Its practical application yet requires highly efficient electrocatalysts to boost NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency (FE). In this study, CoP nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanoribbon array on Ti plate (CoP@TiO2/TP) is verified as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for the selective reduction of NO2− to NH3. When measured in 0.1 M NaOH with NO2−, the freestanding CoP@TiO2/TP electrode delivers a large NH3 yield of 849.57 μmol h−1 cm−2 and a high FE of 97.01% with good stability. Remarkably, the subsequently fabricated Zn–NO2− battery achieves a high power density of 1.24 mW cm−2 while delivering a NH3 yield of 714.40 μg h−1 cm−2.

Liver fibrosis is the initial pathological process of many chronic liver diseases. Targeting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is an available strategy for the therapy of liver fibrosis. We aimed to explore the anti-liver fibrosis activity and potential mechanism of phomopsterone B (PB) in human HSCs. The results showed that PB effectively attenuated the proliferation of TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner at doses of 1, 2, and 4 μM. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays displayed that PB significantly reduced the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen I/III. AO/EB and Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry assays exhibited that PB promoted the cells’ apoptosis. Meanwhile, PB diminished the number of autophagic vesicles and vacuolated structures, and the LC3B fluorescent spots indicated that PB could effectively inhibit the accretion of autophagosomes in LX-2 cells. Moreover, rapamycin and MHY1485 were utilized to further investigate the effect of mTOR in autophagy and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that PB regulated autophagy and apoptosis via the mTOR-dependent pathway in LX-2 cells. In summary, this is the first evidence that PB effectively alleviates liver fibrosis in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, and PB may be a promising candidate for the prevention of liver fibrosis.

Real-time knowledge of kernel breakage during corn harvesting plays a significant role in the adjustment of operational parameters of corn kernel harvesters. (1) Transfer learning by initializing the DenseNet121 network with pre-trained weights for training and validating a dataset of corn kernels was adopted. Additionally, the feature extraction capability of DenseNet121 was improved by incorporating the attention mechanism of a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) structure. (2) The quality of intact and broken corn kernels and their pixels were found to be coupled, and a linear regression model was established using the least squares method. The results of the test showed that: (1) The MAPb50 and MAPm50 of the improved Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) model were 97.62% and 98.70%, in comparison to the original Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) model, which were improved by 0.34% and 0.37%, respectively; the backbone FLOPs and Params were 3.09 GMac and 9.31 M, and the feature extraction time was 206 ms; compared to the original backbone, these were reduced by 3.87 GMac and 17.32 M, respectively. The training of the obtained prediction weights for the detection of a picture of the corn kernel took 76 ms, so compared to the Mask RCNN model, it was reduced by 375 ms; based on the concept of transfer learning, the improved Mask RCNN model converged twice as quickly with the loss function using pre-training weights than the loss function without pre-training weights during training. (2) The coefficients of determination R2 of the two models, when the regression models of the pixels and the quality of intact and broken corn kernels were analyzed, were 0.958 and 0.992, respectively. These findings indicate a strong correlation between the pixel characteristics and the quality of corn kernels. The improved Mask RCNN model was used to segment mask pixels to calculate the corn kernel breakage rate. The verified error between the machine vision and the real breakage rate ranged from −0.72% to 0.65%, and the detection time of the corn kernel breakage rate was only 76 ms, which could meet the requirements for real-time detection. According to the test results, the improved Mask RCNN method had the advantages of a fast detection speed and high accuracy, and can be used as a data basis for adjusting the operation parameters of corn kernel harvesters.

The oxidation of β-NiAl at high temperatures leads to the preferential formation of metastable alumina, such as θ-Al2O3, which exhibits a significantly faster growth rate compared to stable α-Al2O3. However, our recent research has shown that through the use of the surface-dispersing nanoparticles (NPs) of metal oxides with a hexagonal closed pack (hcp), such as α-Al2O3, the thermal growth of α-Al2O3 can be facilitated. The present study employed laser additive manufacturing (LAM) to develop an integrated α-Al2O3 NPs surface-seeded two-phase intermetallic alloy comprising brittle β-NiAl and tougher γ’-Ni3Al, which demonstrated better comprehensive mechanical properties. It was found that seeding the α-Al2O3 NPs promoted the early stage growth of α-Al2O3 on both β and γ’ phases during oxidation in air at 1000 °C. This led to a decrease in the oxidation rate but an enhancement in adhesion of the formed alumina scale in comparison to the naked β/γ’ two-phase alloy. The reasons for this result were interpreted.

Animal viruses are a significant threat to animal health and are easily spread across the globe with the rise of globalization. The limitations in diagnosing and treating animal virus infections have made the transmission of diseases and animal deaths unpredictable. Therefore, early diagnosis of animal virus infections is crucial to prevent the spread of diseases and reduce economic losses. To address the need for rapid diagnosis, electrochemical sensors have emerged as promising tools. Electrochemical methods present numerous benefits, including heightened sensitivity and selectivity, affordability, ease of use, portability, and rapid analysis, making them suitable for real-time virus detection. This paper focuses on the construction of electrochemical biosensors, as well as promising biosensor models, and expounds its advantages in virus detection, which is a promising research direction.

Four Ni-Al intermetallic compounds with the Al concentrations in range of 28 to 35 (in atomic percentage) have been fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) through mixing appropriate contents of pure Ni powder with pre-alloyed high-Al nickel aluminide powder. Ni-35Al and Ni-32Al are both composed of more than 45 vol.% β-NiAl matrix phase dispersing γ′-Ni3Al, while Ni-30Al and Ni-28Al consisted of worm-like, needle-like γ′-Ni3Al mainly and less than 37 vol.% β-NiAl. After 20 h oxidation in air at 1000 °C, the results of thermobalance, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microcopy, indicated that Ni-35Al and Ni-32Al are more oxidation-resistant than the Ni-30Al and Ni-28Al. Because the first two can thermally grow an external Al2O3 scale but the second two form a duplex oxide scale consisting of outer NiAl2O4 layer and inner Al2O3 layer.

Objective: To study the changes of physicochemical properties in Shuidouchi before and after fermentation, and to preliminarily explore the inhibitory effect of its extracts on castration-resistant prostate cancer cells (CRPC). Methods: Shuidouchi was fermented using three high-yielding protease strains. With reference to the national standard methods, contents ofamino nitrogen, total acid, pH, reducing sugar and soybean isoflavones in Shuidouchi before and after fermentation were tested, and total phenol and flavonoids were examined by chemical method. And the antioxidant capacity of Shuidouchi extracts was also determined. Finally, the inhibitory effect of Shuidouchi extracts fermented with the optimal strain was observed. Results: Fermented by high-yielding protease strains，the contents of amino nitrogen, reducing sugar, isoflavone and antioxidant capacity of soybean were all improved compared with steamed soybean, among which B19 strain fermented Shuidouchi had the best effect. And the extract of Shuidouchi fermented by B19 strain could selectively kill CRPC cells and promote their apoptosis, and inhibit the secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), androgen (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Conclusion: Fermentation by high-yielding protease strains of Shuidouchi can change the physicochemical properties, and enhance its nutritional activities. Moreover, the extract of Shuidouchi fermented with B19 strain has an inhibitory effect on CRPC cells. This study provides data references and theoretical support for the research and development of health functional foods related to Shuidouchi.

Molecular generation (MG) via machine learning (ML) has speeded drug structural optimization, especially for targets with a large amount of reported bioactivity data. However, molecular generation for structural optimization is often powerless for new targets. DNA-encoded library (DEL) can generate systematic, target-specific activity data, including novel targets with few or unknown activity data. Therefore, this study aims to overcome the limitation of molecular generation in the structural optimization for the new target. Firstly, we generated molecules using the structure-affinity data (2.96 million samples) for 3C-like protease (3CLpro) from our own-built DEL platform to get rid of using public databases (e.g., CHEMBL and ZINC). Subsequently, to analyze the effect of transfer learning on the positive rate of the molecule generation model, molecular docking and affinity model based on DEL data were applied to explore the enhanced impact of transfer learning on molecule generation. In addition, the generated molecules are subjected to multiple filtering, including physicochemical properties, drug-like properties, and pharmacophore evaluation, molecular docking to determine the molecules for further study and verified by molecular dynamics simulation.

Realizing high-quality and increased production of fresh corn and promoting diversified development of the corn industry structure not only can effectively promote the development of agricultural economy, but also can enrich people’s dietary culture. However, existing fresh corn machinery has a high rate of ear damage during the harvesting process, and the overall harvesting efficiency is not ideal. To reduce damage during the harvesting of fresh corn, a device for breaking ears of fresh corn was designed based on the directional clamping of corn straw reverse breaking method. Based on the physico-mechanical characteristics parameters of fresh corn ears, the main structural parameters of the directional clamping and conveying mechanism and the ear-breaking mechanism were determined. The overall inclination angle of the device was 15°, and the effective conveying length of the directional clamping mechanism was 550 mm; the ear-snapping mechanism was a snapping roll composed of a pair of six radial distribution function fingers, with an effective operating radius of 320 mm. By simulating and analyzing the reverse breaking movement of directional clamping corn straw, the key motion parameter ranges of the directional clamping conveying mechanism and breaking mechanism were obtained. The results of the bench test showed that under the optimal conditions of a directional clamping feeding speed of 1.67 m/s, a breaking wheel speed of 80 rpm, and a travel speed of 1.06 m/s, the lowest ear damage rate was 0.57%, and the lowest impurity rate was 1.87%. In addition, it was observed that flexible harvesting can improve harvest efficiency and quality. The study also found that actively applying force to the device can effectively avoid the problem of machine blockage and reduce the damage rate of ears (the following text uses ears instead of fresh corn ears).

Seawater electrolysis has great potential to generate clean hydrogen energy, but it is a formidable challenge. In this study, we report CoFe-LDH nanosheet uniformly decorated on a CuO nanowire array on Cu foam (CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF) for seawater oxidation. Such CuO@CoFe-LDH/CF exhibits high oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic activity, demanding only an overpotential of 336 mV to generate a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater. Moreover, it can operate continuously for at least 50 h without obvious activity attenuation.

Drug discovery has entered a new period of vigorous development with advanced technologies such as DNA-encoded library (DEL) and artificial intelligence (AI). The previous DEL-AI combination has been successfully applied in the drug discovery of classical kinase and receptor targets mainly based on the known scaffold. So far, there is no report of the DEL-AI combination on inhibitors targeting protein-protein interaction, including those undruggable targets with few or unknown active scaffolds. Here, we applied DEL technology on the T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) target, resulting in the unique hit compound 1 (IC50 = 20.7 μM). Based on the screening data from DEL and hit derivatives a1-a34, a machine learning (ML) modeling process was established to address the challenge of poor sample distribution uniformity, which is also frequently encountered in DEL screening on new targets. In the end, the established ML model achieved a satisfactory hit rate of about 75% for derivatives in a high-scored area.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. A 33-year-old female patient had repeated hair loss for more than 3 years. A dermatologic examination showed several pieces of irregularly shaped hair loss patterns in the center of the patient's scalp. The systemic treatment included oral hydroxychloroquine, aspirin enteric-coated tablets and prednisone, and intrathecal injection of dexamethasone and methotrexate. The local treatment included intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide and lidocaine in the lesion area, 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for external use. After 2-month treatment, hair regrew in a non-scarring patchy alopecia region with no further hair loss.

To solve the problems of congestion and increased power consumption of wheat combine harvesters (WCHs) caused by excessive feed rate, this paper proposes a method to reduce the feed rate by decreasing the feed length of the stalk and designs a double-cutterbar combine header (DCH). Using the threshing test bench and taking the feed rate, the feed length of the stalk, and the speed of the tangential threshing rotor as the influencing factors and the conveying time as the index, the influence of different parameters on the conveying performance was analyzed. The optimal parameters were obtained: the feed rate was 8 kg/s, the feed length of the stalk was 380 mm, the speed of the cutting drum was 554 r/min, and the conveying time was 8.089 s. The optimized parameter combination was tested and verified, and the test results show that the relative error with the predicted value was 0.198%, proving the reliability of the optimized parameters. The critical components of the DCH were designed, the movement process of the profiling mechanism was simulated using ADAMS software, and the structural dimensions of the profiling mechanism were determined. The field performance test of the WCH with a DCH was carried out. The results showed that the loss rate and stubble height met the operation quality requirements. At the same operation speed, the fuel consumption was 11.2% less than that of the WCH with a conventional header, providing a technical reference for the efficient harvest of the WCHs.

Social anxiety disorder has been widely recognised as one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Individuals with social anxiety disorder experience difficulties during social interactions that are essential in the regular functioning of daily routines; perpetually motivating research into the aetiology, maintenance and treatment methods. Traditionally, social and clinical neuroscience studies incorporated protocols testing one participant at a time. However, it has been recently suggested that such protocols are unable to directly assess social interaction performance, which can be revealed by testing multiple individuals simultaneously. The principle of two-person neuroscience highlights the interpersonal aspect of social interactions that observes behaviour and brain activity from both (or all) constituents of the interaction, rather than analysing on an individual level or an individual observation of a social situation. Therefore, two-person neuroscience could be a promising direction for assessment and intervention of the social anxiety disorder. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm which integrates two-person neuroscience in a neurofeedback protocol. Neurofeedback and interbrain synchrony, a branch of two-person neuroscience, are discussed in their own capacities for their relationship with social anxiety disorder and relevance to the paradigm. The newly proposed paradigm sets out to assess the social interaction performance using interbrain synchrony between interacting individuals, and to employ a multi-user neurofeedback protocol for intervention of the social anxiety.

Traditional harvesters of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) face problems including low harvesting efficiency, high loss rate, high impurity rate, and high labor intensity. To solve these problems and improve the harvesting efficiency and quality of tiger nuts, a crawler-type tiger-nut combine harvester that integrates digging, soil removal, picking, screening, and collection was designed. The machinery comprises crawler devices and working devices. The key devices were designed through theoretical analysis. Therein, the digging and hoisting devices consist of digger blades, combined soil-breaking blades, and vibrating hoisting chains. The tuber picking and screening device is composed of the tuber picking drum, double-deck heterodromous vibrating screens, impurity removal blowers, and soil-crushing guide rollers. The crawler devices include the track assemblies and the hydraulic driving systems. SolidWorks was used to establish the virtual prototype model. Combined with simulation using the discrete element software, the law of motion of tiger-nut tubers in the digging, elevation, and screening processes was studied, which verified the feasibility of the design. Finally, a prototype was manufactured and fabricated to conduct field harvesting tests on tiger nuts. Field test results indicate that the harvesting efficiency, harvest rate, and impurity rate of the tiger-nut harvester are separately 0.216 ha/h, 98.14%, and 3.24%, which meet the harvesting requirements for tiger-nut growers.

SOC storage (SOCS) plays a vital role in global climate change. Understanding the spatial pattern and features of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its influencing factors is important for increasing SOC fixation. However, few studies exist on the organic carbon reserves of farmland on a regional scale. This study revealed the SOCD and SOCS values and distribution using Hubei Province as a sampling region. The results demonstrated that the spatial distributions of farmland system carbon storage and density were uneven, and the spatial heterogeneity was related to geography, cultivated area, and soil type. The SOCD ranged from 0.559 to 10.613 kg/m2, with an average of 3.3710 ± 0.0337 kg/m2, and the soil carbon reserve of the farmland system was ~17.81 Tg. The SOCD varied with topography and soil type: in mountainous cultivated land, it was generally higher than that in hilly land and in the plains. However, the plain cultivated areas contained the highest carbon reserves. Within the farmland system, paddy soil, the dominant soil type, exhibited higher SOCD and larger SOC storage capacity. Soil types with the same physicochemical properties exhibited different organic carbon storage capacity in different geomorphic and regional environments. Specifically, paddy soil was found to have higher SOCD and SOCS than the other soil types, and its soil carbon storage capacity was high; the SOC reserves of wheat-rice tillage were the largest among the main tillage methods. Boosting the soil carbon sink requires fundamental improvement in soil properties by improving soil texture, using conservation tillage to increase soil organic matter, and reducing unnecessary human interference.

Wheat harvesting is one of the most important links in the whole wheat production process. In China, the wheat planting areas are wide, and the patterns are diversified. In addition, the problem of harvest losses caused by the numerous brands and low performance of domestic combine harvesters has always existed. Any losses during harvesting will result in less income for the farmers. Therefore, according to the actual situation of mechanized wheat harvesting and the losses occurring within different parts of the harvester, it is of great significance to select the appropriate loss reduction methods to effectively reduce wheat harvest losses. In accordance with the problems of loss during mechanized harvesting, this research first points out the main losses in the operation of a wheat combine harvester, then introduces sensor monitoring technology for grain harvesting loss and intelligent control technology for the combine harvester and analyzes their application to loss reduction in mechanized wheat harvesting. Finally, we put forward conclusions and suggestions on this loss reduction technology for wheat mechanization harvesting in order to provide a reference for reducing the losses and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

The emission of particulate matter (PM) from agricultural activities, such as concentrated animal feeding, straw combustion, and mechanized harvest, is a hot issue in the sustainable development of agriculture, which has attracted more and more attention from government departments and researchers. However, the research on the transport of particulate matter in the agri-environment still lacks flexible and efficient measurement methods to obtain real-time and accurate spatial distribution data. The objective of our study is to produce a new intelligent platform for agri-environment atmospheric monitoring with high mobility, temporal and spatial resolution, and remote data transmission function to overcome the shortcomings of traditional atmospheric particulate matter monitoring stations, such as small particle size range, immovability, and high cost. Through the light scattering sensor, microcontroller, and wireless data transmission device assembled on the high-mobility drone, the platform could measure the mass concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP at different spatial points in the agri-environment and transmit the measurement data to the receiving device on the ground through three modes: CLOUD, TCP, and UDP. We also developed monitoring software based on the Android platform, which could complete the connection of device and real-time monitoring of measurement data on the ground. Compared with stationary measurement devices, the biggest advantage of our mobile monitoring system is that it has the ability to measure the concentration of TSP and the vertical distribution of PM, which is very important for the research of agricultural environmental particulate matter emission characteristics. After the sensor and communication performance experiments, the sensors had high consistency in the overall change trend, and the communication accuracy rate was high. We carried out a flight measurement comparison experiment at the Wenhua Road Campus of Henan Agricultural University, and the measurement data were highly consistent with the data from the national monitoring stations. We also conducted an agri-environmental atmospheric measurement experiment in Muzhai Village and obtained the vertical distribution data of PM concentration at the nearby measuring point when the harvester was working. The results showed that after the harvester worked for a period of time, the PM2.5, PM10, and TSP concentrations reached the maximum at the altitude of 20 m at the measurement point, which were 80, 198, and 384 μg/m3, respectively, 2.64~3.10 times the particle concentration in the environment before the harvester began to work. Our new platform had high mobility, sensitive reading, and stable communication during the experiment, and had high application value in agricultural environmental monitoring.

Abstract. Introduction:. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an uncommon condition with unknown etiology. The clinical exclusive diagnosis needs to be differentiated from similar diseases. Here, we present a case of EPDS after surgical treatment of scalp squamous cell carcinoma. Case presentation:. A 68-year-old woman presented with an eight-month history of a chronic scalp eruption. She had been diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy nine months ago, and had been treated by surgical excision and skin grafting. One month later, she was referred for evaluation of the newly enlarged lesion which was observed at the skin grafting site. She was diagnosed of EPDS based on characteristics of lesions, clinicopathological findings and laboratory data. The condition had clinically improved with systemic steroid therapy and topical tacrolimus for two weeks. Relapses occurred after complete withdrawal of both treatments. After repeating the above therapy and applying topical tacrolimus as maintenance therapy, the condition was well controlled at the one-year follow-up. Discussion:. EPDS is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis with main incidence rate of elderly patients and female predominance. The diagnosis of EPDS cant be made only by histopathological examination, which is helpful for differential diagnosis. Microbiological investigations commonly remain negative. For the high risk of relapse, it is important for clinicians to be aware of maintenance treatment and a long- term management. Conclusion:. It should be recognized by clinicians that EPDS is an uncommon and relapse disease, leading to serious cosmetic problems. The treatment lacks evidence-based medicine data, clinician should choose the appropriate therapy according to the condition of patients.

Abstract Background Papilon‐Lefevre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by aggressive periodontitis and palmoplantar keratoderma. The prevalence of PLS in the general population is one to four cases per million. Although the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PLS remain largely unclear, existing evidence shows loss‐of‐function mutations of the cathepsin C gene (CTSC; OMIM 602365) could cause PLS. Here we found a novel variant of the CTSC gene in a Chinese PLS family and predicted the effect of the variant on the physic–chemical characters and tertiary structure of the protein. Methods The 1–7 coding exons and exon–intron boundaries of CTSC gene of the proband and her family were amplified and sequenced directly, and Chromas was used to read sequencing files. Furthermore, the PolyPhen‐2, PROVEAN, and Mutation Taster were utilized to predict the pathogenicity of the variant. Besides, the physic–chemical and structural characters of the protein were analyzed by ProtParam, ProtScale, and SWISS‐MODEL. Results Our study identified a novel homozygous variant c.763T>C (p.Cys255Arg) in exon 6 of the CTSC gene, and it was a likely pathogenic variant as predicted by PolyPhen‐2, PROVEAN, and Mutation Taster. Moreover, ProtParam and Protscale revealed the variant increased the isoelectric point and hydrophilicity of the protein, and the SWISS‐MODEL analysis suggested the variant was located in a critical domain for protein activity. Conclusion Our study analyzed a Chinese family with PLS and identified a novel missense variant in the CTSC gene. Besides, this study retrospectively summarized 113 variants of CTSC in the world and highlighted the features of 27 CTSC variants in Chinese PLS patients. In addition, this study paid much particular attention to the relationship between CTSC variants and different phenotypes.

Aiming at the problem of a poor separation of tiger nut, soil and grass during harvest, a hoisting device consisting of a combined-type hoisting sieve, vibrating wheels and soil roller was designed in combination with the requirements of the planting and harvesting of tiger nut. Through a theoretical analysis of the movement of the mixture of tiger nut, sand and grass in the process of hoisting, the basic law that affects the soil filter rate was determined, and the parameters affecting the soil-sieving rate were determined, and the hoisting angle, linear hoist speed and range of related parameters of vibrating wheels were obtained. Based on the DEM-MBD method, a simulation model of an excavating and hoisting device was built. With the hoisting angle, linear hoist speed, vibrating frequency and vibrating amplitudes of vibrating wheels as test factors, and the soil-sieving rate as test index, an orthogonal rotating-center combination test with four factors and three levels was carried out. The results showed that the influence of various factors on soil-sieving rate was as follows: vibrating frequency of vibrating wheels > linear hoist velocity > vibrating amplitudes of vibrating wheels > hoisting angle. When the vibrating frequency of the vibrating wheels was 9 Hz, the linear hoist speed was 0.66 m/s, vibrating amplitude of vibrating wheels was 25 mm and hoisting angle was 26°; the maximum value of the soil-sieving rate was 42.5%. The optimized parameters were applied to field test for verification, and the soil-sieving rate of the field test was 44.7%, which was better than the simulation test. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for design optimization and simulation analysis of tiger nut harvesters.

The filter mud in molasses has a significant inhibitory effect on biological activity and cannot be utilised by organisms; therefore, before molasses are biotransformed, the filter mud will be separated and directly discarded in the environment. In this study, the filter mud was used as the retarder of cement concrete OPC 42.5 for the first time. It was found that when 0.2–0.8% filter mud was added to fresh cement concrete OPC PC 42.5, the hardening time of cement slurry was significantly prolonged due to the synergistic retarding effect of sugar, colloid and total cellulose in the filter mud. In addition, the compressive strength of cement concrete mixed with the filter mud in the early stage (

Polygonum capitatum as an ethnic medicine has been used to treat urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis and urinary calculi. In our previous study, P. capitatum was found to have anti-hyperuricemia effects. Nevertheless, the active constituents of P. capitatum for treating hyperuricemia were still unclear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to comprehensively detect the chemical ingredients of P. capitatum and its absorbed constituents in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats for the first time. Xcalibur 3.0 and Compound Discoverer 2.0 software coupled to mzCloud and ChemSpider databases were utilized for qualitative analysis. A total of 114 chemical components including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, amides and others were identified or tentatively characterized based on the exact mass, retention time and structural information. Compared to the previous P. capitatum study, an additional 66 different components were detected. Moreover, 68 related xenobiotics including 16 prototype components and 52 metabolites were found in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats. The metabolic pathways included ring fission, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. This work may provide important information for further investigation on the active constituents of P. capitatum and their action mechanisms for anti-hyperuricemia effects.

Artemisia selengensis straw is an agricultural residue with great potential as a renewable resource because it is rich in lignocellulose. In this study, A. selengensis straw was used as a source of hemicelluloses (ASH) and cellulose nanocrystals (ASCNC) to produce biodegradable films. Different content levels of ASCNC were used as additives to improve composite films with ASH and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Various mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the films were analyzed. The composite films enhanced by ASCNC exhibited greater strength and were more effective as a barrier to water vapor when compared to that of the control ASH/PVA film. The tensile strength of the composite film was increased 80.1% to 36.21 MPa with ASCNC loading exceeding 9%, and the water vapor transmission rate decreased 15.45% when 12% ASCNC was added. Furthermore, the ASCNC-enhanced ASH/PVA composite film reduced a greater amount of light transmission than the control film.

Pseudostellaria heterophylla is used in China not only as a functional food but also as an herb to tonify the spleen, enhance immunity, and treat palpitation. Our previous investigation showed that a fraction enriched in glycosides obtained from the roots of P. heterophylla possessed pronounced protective effects on H9c2 cells against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury. However, the active compounds responsible for the observed effects were still unknown. In the current investigation, pseudosterins A–C (1–3), three new alkaloids with a 1-ethyl-3-formyl-β-carboline skeleton, together with polydatin, have been isolated from the active fraction. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. The four compounds showed cardioprotective effects against sodium hydrosulfite-induced hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells, with the three alkaloids being more potent. This is also the first report of alkaloids with a β-carboline skeleton isolated from P. heterophylla as cardioprotective agents.

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slower responses to targets that occur at a previously attended location than to those at control locations. Previous studies on the impact of task difficulty on IOR have shown conflicting results. However, these studies failed to match low-level characteristics of stimuli (e.g., size, color, and luminance) across difficulty levels, and so might have confounded the effect of task difficulty with that of stimulus characteristics. Hence, whether and how task difficulty modulates IOR remain largely unknown. This study utilized the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique in combination with a cue-target paradigm to tackle this question. Task difficulty was manipulated by changing the position of a gap in a rectangle stimulus, while stimulus size, color, and luminance were precisely matched. IOR was observed in reaction times across all difficulty levels but was found in accuracy at the medium level only. The modulation effect of task difficulty on IOR was also evident in the N1 and P2 ERP components, which showed significantly weaker IOR effects at the medium difficulty level than at the easy and hard levels. It is suggested that the modulation of IOR by task difficulty involves both perceptual and post-perceptual processes.

To improve the bonding strength between adhesive and enhance the performance of composite board made from corn stalk rinds, a method for preparing three-layer composite boards was proposed. Accordingly, corn stalk rinds with the epidermis removed, were used as the core layer, while crushed aggregates from the epidermis were used as the surface layer of the composite board. Single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of the sampling height of corn stalk rinds, the surface layer proportions, and the hot-pressing temperature and time on the physico-mechanical properties of composite board. The resulting composite board from corn stalk rinds showed enhanced properties, except for the internal bond strength (P < 0.01). The physical properties of the composite board were significantly improved (P < 0.01) by removing the crushed aggregates of the epidermis, forming a single layer of composite board. The optimal parameters were as follows: the sampling height below the ear part of the corn stalk rinds; 12% surface layers; 150 °C hot-pressing temperature; and 6 min time. Under these conditions, the physico-mechanical properties of the composite board met the requirement level for particleboard. This research supports the use of corn stalk rinds as composite boards.

One of the most pleasurable aspects of video games is their ability to induce immersive experiences. However, there appears to be a tentative conceptualization of what an immersive experience is. In this short review, we specifically focus on the terms of flow and immersion, as they are the most widely used and applied definitions in the video game literature, whilst their differences remain disputable. We critically review the concepts separately and proceed with a comparison on their proposed differences. We conclude that immersion and flow do not substantially differ in current studies and that more evidence is needed to justify their separation.

Debate exists about the time course of the effect of colour categories on visual processing. We investigated the effect of colour categories for two groups who differed in whether they categorised a blue-green boundary colour as the same- or different-category to a reliably-named blue colour and a reliably-named green colour. Colour differences were equated in just-noticeable differences to be equally discriminable. We analysed event-related potentials for these colours elicited on a passive visual oddball task and investigated the time course of categorical effects on colour processing. Support for category effects was found 100 ms after stimulus onset, and over frontal sites around 250 ms, suggesting that colour naming affects both early sensory and later stages of chromatic processing.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is very common worldwide and has been widely recognized as the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury in the Western world. In our previous investigation, auriculatone, a natural product firstly obtained from Aster auriculatus, has demonstrated a potent protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability restrict its application. Auriculatone sulfate (AS) is a sulfated derivative of auriculatone with highly improved water-solubility. Hepatoprotective effects against APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) showed that intragastric pretreatment with AS at 50 mg/kg almost completely prevented mice against APAP-induced increases of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and ATPase. Histological results showed that AS could protect the liver tissue damage. In addition, AS pretreatment not only significantly retained hepatic malondialdehyde and the activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase at normal levels, but also markedly suppressed the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in mouse liver caused by overdose APAP. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that AS obviously attenuated the expression of CD45 and HNE in liver tissue. Further mechanisms of action investigation showed that inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A11 (CYP 3A11) and CYP2E1 enzymatic activities (but not that of CYP1A2) was responsible for APAP bioactivation. In conclusion, AS showed a hepatoprotective effect against AILI through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation and inhibiting CYP-mediated APAP bioactivation. It may be an effective hepatoprotective agent for AILI and other forms of human liver disease.

To solve the problem of poor sowing quality due to loose soil in wheat seedbed after land preparation in the HuangHuaihai region of China, a double compression seeder for pre-sowing and seed furrow of wheat in wide-seedling belts was designed. The machine sowing operation was divided into two processes: pre-sowing compression and seed ditch compression, pre-sowing compression was carried out homogenization of the pre-sowing seed bed that the tractor wheel has crushed, and the seed ditch compression compresses the seeds and soil in the seed ditch, so that the seeds were embedded in the seed ditch soil. By analyzing the kinematics of the pre-planting compression device and the spiral blade in the process of soil levelling and compression, the structure of the equal-difference variable-diameter equal-pitch spiral conveying winch was designed, and the key parameters of the drum spiral blade were determined, and then the height of the spiral blades, the rutting distance and the speed of the compression roller were taken as the test factors, and the soil flatness was used as the index to carry out the discrete element simulation test. The simulation results show that when the spiral blade was 4.85 cm, the rut distance was 37.4 cm, and the rotation speed was 327.16 r/min, the optimal land flatness was 0.18. Finally, field experiments were carried out on the seeder, and the results showed that: the soil bulk density after operation was 22.7% greater than that before sowing (p < 0.01), and the soil flatness was 1.9 cm, which was consistent with the simulated results. The use of pre-sowing compression and seed furrow compression methods improved the soil environment of the seed bed, increased the uniformity of the seeding depth, and promoted the root growth of wheat. This study provides equipment support and technical reference for agricultural production in wheat-corn rotation areas in the Huang-Huaihai region of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]