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With the increasing concern regarding climate change, academics and practitioners are devoting attention to corporate environmental sustainability development. However, corporate environmental responsibility as an outcome of corporate governance (CG) practice is also constrained by national culture as an institutional factor, and research on the relationship between CG and environmental sustainability performance (ESP) with consideration for national culture remains scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the ESP data of Forbes' listed multinational corporations (MNCs) through content analysis and applies STATA software with stepwise regression models to empirically test the relationship between CG and MNCs' ESP and the moderating effects of national culture on this relationship. The results show that board independence and board size positively affect MNCs' ESP, and the relationship between board independence and MNCs' ESP is negatively moderated by masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. Our results emphasize the importance of CG in environmental decision-making by board management supervision enhancement and explain how national culture affects ESP because of its influence on CG. Our study explains the agency effect of board composition on MNCs' environmental sustainability development and the influence of national culture, which establishes a link between CG, ESP, and national culture. Moreover, policymakers and MNCs' suggestions for enhancing ESP through CG measures, while considering national culture, are also provided.

In the past two decades, research on the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) has seen considerable growth; however, evidence from Turkey remains scarce, and the results are not uniform. To address this lack, this study investigates the impact of CSP on CFP from the perspective of stakeholder theory. Following the investigation of 47 publicly listed companies from the BIST Corporate Governance Index (XKURY) in the period 2014–2018. The results demonstrate that CSP positively affects CFP in both the short and long term. This study addresses the lack of Turkish experience, and the results indicate that CSP is an intangible resource in corporate strategy that can improve the competitive power of Turkish enterprises. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the positive role of CSP in short-term and long-term CFP in the Turkish context from the stakeholder perspective. The results have implications for Turkish policymakers regarding the rational use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) to promote economic development and insights for Turkish enterprises in terms of gaining stakeholders' trust and improving investors' valuation through the strategic use of CSR to achieve long-term, sustainable development of enterprise competitiveness and finance.

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In this article, we establish the explicit analytical expressions for the variance of the Gutman index, Schultz index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and additive degree-Kirchhoff index of a random polyphenylene chain. We also prove these four indices of the random polyphenylene chain are asymptotic to normal distributions.

In many fields of today’s society, the value that blockchain big data can bring has attracted more and more people’s attention. Due to people’s concerns, the rapid development of blockchain big data-related technologies, and their extensive application in national strategic guidelines, academic exploration, and life production, many countries now include the development of big data in their national blueprint plans for the future. China’s progress in big data is obvious to everyone, and it plays an important role in exploring the construction and governance of smart city communities. This article explores the research of smart city community governance based on the blockchain big data platform. Through analyzing the role of the blockchain big data platform, using the PBFT blockchain consensus algorithm, technology method, smart community governance model, etc., we try to provide community development suggestions, to further explore community governance innovation from the perspective of smart communities, which will provide new ideas for innovative social governance methods and help improve social service skills as a whole. The experimental results of this paper show that 77%of smart community management is still in its infancy, but smart city community governance based on the blockchain big data platform promotes smart communities to better serve residents and promotes the widespread and effective promotion of distinctive community governance models.

This study discovers the relationship between board diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of multinational corporations (MNCs). The existing studies have shown the positive...

In 2011, Gross derived an $$O(n^2)$$ -time algorithm to calculate the genus distribution of a given cubic Halin graph. In this paper, with the help of the overlap matrix, we obtain a recurrence relation for the Euler-genus polynomials of cubic caterpillar-Halin graphs. Explicit formulas for the embeddings of the cubic caterpillar-Halin graphs into surfaces with Euler-genus 0, 1 and 2 are also obtained.

In this paper, we demonstrate a method for calculating the production matrices for the Euler-genus polynomials of H-linear families of graphs. Particularly, for any ladder-like sequence of graphs, we give its explicit production matrix that leads to a recurrence relation. Based on this recurrence relation, we show that the Euler-genus distributions of any ladder-like sequence of graphs are asymptotic to a normal distribution. Since the genus polynomials of the ladder-like sequence of graphs have already been calculated by Chen et al.(J Algebr Combin 52:137–155, 2020), their crosscap-number polynomials are also known.

In this paper, we establish the existence, uniqueness and attraction properties of an invariant measure for the real Ginzburg-Landau equation in the presence of a degenerate stochastic forcing acting only in four directions. The main challenge is to establish time asymptotic smoothing properties of the Markovian dynamics corresponding to this system. To achieve this, we propose a condition which only requires four noises.

In this paper we show the Hormander hypoelliptic theorem for nonlocal operators by a purely probabilistic method: the Malliavin calculus. Roughly speaking, under general Hormander’s Lie bracket conditions, we show the regularization effect of discontinuous Levy noises for possibly degenerate stochastic differential equations with jumps. To treat the large jumps, we use the perturbation argument together with interpolation techniques and some short time asymptotic estimates of the semigroup. As an application, we show the existence of fundamental solutions for operator $$\partial _t-{{\mathscr {K}}}$$ , where $${{\mathscr {K}}}$$ is the following nonlocal kinetic operator: $$\begin{aligned} {{\mathscr {K}}}f(x,\mathrm{v})= & {} \mathrm{p.v.}\int _{{{\mathbb {R}}}^d}(f(x,\mathrm{v}+w)-f(x,\mathrm{v}))\frac{\kappa (x,\mathrm{v},w)}{|w|^{d+\alpha }}\, {\mathord {\mathrm{d}}}w \\&+\mathrm{v}\cdot \nabla _x f(x,\mathrm{v})+b(x,\mathrm{v})\cdot \nabla _\mathrm{v} f(x,\mathrm{v}). \end{aligned}$$ Here $$\kappa _0^{-1}\leqslant \kappa (x,\mathrm{v},w)\leqslant \kappa _0$$ belongs to $$C^\infty _b({{\mathbb {R}}}^{3d})$$ and is symmetric in w, p.v. stands for the Cauchy principal value, and $$b\in C^\infty _b({{\mathbb {R}}}^{2d};{{\mathbb {R}}}^d)$$ .

Over the past two decades, corporate social responsibility has become an important topic in business practice research. In this study, we investigate the relationship between board independence and...

In this paper, we are concerned with 3D tamed Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions, which can be viewed as an approximation of the classical 3D Navier-Stokes equations. We show that the strong solution of 3D tamed Navier-Stokes equations driven by Poisson random measure converges weakly to the strong solution of 3D tamed Navier-Stokes equations driven by Gaussian noise on the state space \begin{document}$ \mathcal{D}([0, T];\mathbb{H}^1) $\end{document} .

We establish the existence, uniqueness and exponential attraction properties of an invariant measure for the MHD equations with degenerate stochastic forcing acting only in the magnetic equation. The central challenge is to establish time asymptotic smoothing properties of the associated Markovian semigroup corresponding to this system. Towards this aim we take full advantage of the characteristics of the advective structure to discover a novel H\"ormander-type condition which only allows for several noises in the magnetic direction.

The purpose of this paper is to establish the Donsker-Varadhan type large deviations principle (LDP) for the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes system. The main novelty is that the noise is assumed to be highly degenerate in the Fourier space. The proof is carried out by using a criterion for the LDP developed in arXiv:1410.6188 in a discrete-time setting and extended in arXiv:1505.03686 to the continuous-time. One of the main conditions of that criterion is the uniform Feller property for the Feynman-Kac semigroup, which we verify by using Malliavin calculus.

Background This paper describes the relationship between task and crowdsourcing psychology. Based on the crowdsourcing environment, the party's task description will affect the party's psychological activities, and then affect the party's bid winning performance. In particular, the changes of emotion, attitude and behavior in the process of winning the bid need to be further considered. Research Objects and Methods This paper selects a pinwick. Com (www.epwk. Com) as the research object. A needle core. COM is a famous creative crowdsourcing service platform in China. A needle core. Com provides a platform for many contracting parties to participate in various types of crowdsourcing tasks in various forms, and provides enterprises with high-quality and low-cost solutions. Drink a pint of wack. Com as the Research scenario, obtained by python, selected the crowdsourcing task for two years from January 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020 as the research sample, and predicted it through Tobit regression model. It includes task ID, title, status, bidder identity, bidding result, bidding description, task publisher, task allocation plan, task type and other source data. Taking the Contractor as the research object and the bidding date as the timeline, this paper constructs the panel data of “contractor bidding date”, and discusses the probability of winning the bid after the Contractor's bidding. This study uses the simplified Chinese version of language query and word count software (Simplified Chinese query word count, scliwc) to analyze the word frequency of texts with text features. In order to investigate the emotional behavior status of each region, this study adopts (1) positive entrepreneurial emotion scale. Scholars widely use the Panas emotion scale developed by Watson to measure entrepreneurial anxiety related emotional disorders. The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (scaled) was formulated by birmaher and revised in Chinese by Su Linyan et al. In 2002. It is mainly used to evaluate 9 anxiety disorder. The scale corresponds to the anxiety disorder classification of DSM-IV and consists of 41 items and 5 factors: somatization / panic, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social fear and school fear. According to the diagnostic criteria of scaled, the total score of anxiety scale exceeds 25, which is in line with the evaluation criteria of anxiety disorder [2]. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale in this study is 0.90. Results The results of empirical analysis show that whether the positive influence of emotional history words, negatives, conjunctions, adverbs, postpositions, first person words and second person words wins the bid, and whether the negative influence of cognitive process words, length words, quantifiers and quantitative unit words wins the bid. The specific analysis shows that the task text contains more emotional history words, more social history words, more negative words, more conjunctions, more adverbs, more postpositions, more one person words, more second person words, less cognitive process words, less length words and less quantifiers. The smaller the Unit vocabulary, the more likely the contractor is to win the bid. The interaction of vocabulary, negative words, quantifiers, quantifiers and first person vocabulary in the process of experience and cognition is significant. From the perspective of emotional behavior change, the positive emotion of bid winning motivation and bid winning behavior tendency play an intermediary role. The positive emotion of bid winning motivation can play a role through the positive role of bid winning motivation. Through the motivation of winning the bid, we can realize the link function of entrepreneurial behavior tendency. One is to guide emotional rationalization through education. Conclusion The theoretical significance of this paper is summarized as follows: firstly, this paper studies from the perspective of group information service trading system, and constructs the group information service trading object, group information service trading subject, group information service trading subject, group information service trading subject and group information service trading subject in the system. The bidding process and competitive environment affect the quality of solutions. Secondly, this paper proposes and verifies that the personal characteristics, work level and bidding strategy of service providers directly affect the quality of their solutions. The competitive environment in the bidding process is also an important factor affecting the solution quality of service providers. Thirdly, this paper defines the concept of successful experience, puts forward and verifies the regulatory effect of successful experience on the relationship between network interaction and user innovation quality. Fourth, strengthen positive cognitive education, carry out targeted difficult education, correctly guide positive emotions, turn some blindly optimistic impulsive emotions into rational motives, and guide them to carry out relevant activities according to their own advantages and characteristics. The second is to clarify the goal of incentive through examples. Regularly hold successful model sharing, experience introduction, project display and other activities, establish a successful model of positive emotion, clarify the specific objectives of entrepreneurial activities, form a strong psychological motivation, stimulate internal potential and help the realization of entrepreneurial behavior. Fifth, strengthen professional guidance and make the motivation of winning the bid behavioral. Give full play to the concentration of professionals, have a high degree of intelligence and professional knowledge in the business field, and have obvious talent and intellectual advantages. Experts and scholars can be organized to establish a professional bid winning guidance team, give full play to the business projects of experts and scholars in their respective fields, and carry out scientific research on entrepreneurial projects. Acknowledgements Supported by a project grant from Hebei Normal University 2021 Educational Reform and Curriculum Ideological and Political Specialized Educational Reform Project “Market Research and Forecasting Curriculum Ideological and Political Construction Connotation and Method Exploration in the Context of New Business” (Grant No.2021XJJG025). This paper is a research on the performance impact of winning bids in crowdsourcing competitions, a doctoral fund project of Hebei Normal University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund. (Item No.: S21B026). This paper is part of the Hebei Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project “Market Survey and Forecast Course Ideological and Political Construction Connotation and Method Exploration under the New Business Background”. (Item No.: 2021GJJG135)

This paper concerns the convergence of an iterative scheme for 2D stochastic primitive equations on a bounded domain. The stochastic system is split into two equations: a deterministic 2D primitive equations with random initial value and a linear stochastic parabolic equation, which are both simpler for numerical computations. An estimate of approximation error is given, which implies that the strong speed rate of the convergence in probability is almost $\frac{1}{2}$.

As one of the ways for multinational companies to obtain the advantages of sustainable development, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been widely recognized by the academic community. Research featuring the influence of corporate governance (CG) on the environmental information disclosure of multinational corporations (MNCs) have gained much attention, but there is a lack of research into the empirical examination of cross-national samples. Drawing on Agency Theory, this study fills the gap by making a theoretical exploration and empirical test on relationships between CG and MNCs’s environmental disclosure. Board independence, board size, board meeting frequency and their relationships to the environmental disclosure of MNCs are observed in this study. In order to examine the aforementioned relationships, this study incorporates measurement techniques used by Van Staden and Hooks (2007) [1] and Global Reporting Initiative 4.0 guideline (GRI4.0) and develops a set of comprehensive, systematic measurement standards to appraise the environmental information disclosure of corporations. The content analysis method is used to assess the environmental disclosure of 151 companies from China, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom, according to Forbes Global 2000 Ranking in 2019. We find that board independence, the board size, and the frequency of board meetings are all positively associated with the environmental disclosure of MNCs. This finding indicates that more independent boards of directors, larger boards, and more frequent board meetings are CG mechanisms which lower the likelihood for an opportunistic behaviour and increase information transparency and voluntary implementation of the disclosure, effectively enhancing the environmental disclosure of MNCs. This impact of CG on corporations’ environmental information disclosure exists across country contexts.

We establish a general criterion which ensures exponential ergodicity of Markov process on $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$ . Compared with the classical irreducible condition, we only require a weak form of irreducibility given by Hairer and Mattingly (Ann Probab 36(6):2050–2091, 2008). Applying our criterion to stochastic differential equations driven by Levy noise, we obtain the exponential ergodicity. Our noise can be more degenerate than the existing results.

We present in this work a calibration method for under-display optical fingerprint sensor. Sources of nonuniformity in captured raw images are analyzed, which are attributed to Moire fringe and rear leakage of pixel luminance. An algorithm is proposed to filter the fingerprint image based on two pre-stored frames measured with standard reflecting surfaces. As a result, clear fingerprint images are obtained from an under-OLED optical sensor.

It is necessary to use thin film encapsulation for protecting the organic emitting device of the flexible display from the oxygen and moisture permeation. The optical properties of the OLED device protected by thin film encapsulation have been investigated. It was found that the chroma of the emitting light of the OLED device was changed by the thin film encapsulation. The thin film encapsulation influenced the emission spectrum of the OLED device. The optical length of the micro-cavity of the emitting device was adjusted to compensate the variation of the chroma.

Low temperature poly silicon technology with a temperature of 400℃ was developed and discussed for the application of flexible liquid crystal display (LCD). By optimizing the doping and activation processes, the TFT device with a mobility of 80 cm 2 /V•s was fabricated successfully. Also we studied the mechanism of doping and activation at 400℃, and found out that the upper limit of implanted dosage and electrical activation rate were 2 × 10 14 ions/cm 2 and 20%, respectively.

We propose a new pixel design which has one slit electrode for 806 ppi resolution. The pixel design facilitates a reduction of disclination area in the pixel and enhancement of aperture opening ratio. We also propose a new photo spacer design which has smaller shading area for VR. This design improves the problem of dark spots caused by the fixed shading area. As a result, we have demonstrated a high transmittance, good image quality without dark spots and high product yield on 2.8 inch 806 ppi panel.

The liquid crystal phase shifter integrates the technologies of the liquid crystal display and radar antenna. It belongs to a brand-new interdisciplinary research field. The traditional leakage rate test method of electronic components is not suitable for the liquid crystal phase shifter. The liquid crystal phase shifter and liquid crystal display have similar structures and they are sealed by sealant, so, this article adopts the saturated vapor experiment and liquid crystal display material physical properties test method to make a theoretical research and experimental verification for the leak rate of the liquid crystal phase shifter. In this paper, we set up a kind of theoretical model for the liquid crystal phase shifter leak rate test and realize the actual measurement for the theoretical model. The test results comply with expected judgment, which shows that the theoretical model works, and the test results have actual guiding significance for the material and technological selection for producing liquid crystal phase shifters.

The bouquet of circles B n and dipole graph D n are two important classes of graphs in topological graph theory. For n ≥ 1 , we give an explicit formula for the average genus γ avg ( B n ) of B n . By this expression, one easily sees γ avg ( B n ) = ( n − ln n − γ + 1 − ln 2) / 2 + o (1) , where γ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant . Similar results are obtained for D n . Our method mainly depends on the technique of generating series and the knowledge in ordinary differential equations.

In the present study, energy, exergy and thermodynamic analysis of a novel integrated system in form of combined cooling heating and power process is investigated. The proposed system consists of solid oxide fuel cell to produce electrical and thermal power, steam power turbine to generate additional electrical power, concentrating solar collector to provide a part of the process thermal energy and double effect absorption chiller to provide cooling demand. In this process, the fuel cell’s high temperature exhaust gases are used to run the absorption chiller. In addition, the concentrating solar collector is a kind of parabolic trough solar collector that acts as a heat exchanger. In order to evaluate the solar field performance, the climates of the three cities in Iran are considered. The results showed acceptable values for system efficiency and overall performance. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the various components of the process such as fuel cell, steam turbine, solar collector and air compressor and the effect of input fuel and oxidation flow are presented to investigate their impact on the performance of the proposed process.

The orthologues of Arabidopsis involved in seed glucosinolates metabolism within QTL confidence intervals were identified, and functional markers were developed to facilitate breeding for ultra-low glucosinolates in canola. Further reducing the content of seed glucosinolates will have a positive impact on the seed quality of canola (Brassica napus). In this study 43 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed glucosinolate (GSL) content in a low-GSL genetic background were mapped over seven environments in Germany and China in a doubled haploid population from a cross between two low-GSL oilseed rape parents with transgressive segregation. By anchoring these QTL to the reference genomes of B. rapa and B. oleracea, we identified 23 orthologues of Arabidopsis involved in GSL metabolism within the QTL confidence intervals. Sequence polymorphisms between the corresponding coding regions of the parental lines were used to develop cleaved amplified polymorphic site markers for two QTL-linked genes, ISOPROPYLMALATE DEHYDROGENASE1 and ADENOSINE 5′-PHOSPHOSULFATE REDUCTASE 3. The genic cleavage markers were mapped in the DH population into the corresponding intervals of QTL explaining 3.36–6.88 and 4.55–8.67 % of the phenotypic variation for seed GSL, respectively. The markers will facilitate breeding for ultra-low seed GSL content in canola.

Shen and Zheng (2010) and Xu and Yan (2013) considered the Monge–Kantorovich problem in the plane and proved that the optimal coupling for the problem has a form ( X 1 , g ( X 1 , Y 2 ) , h ( X 1 , Y 2 ) , Y 2 ), and then they assumed ( X 1 , Y 2 ) has a density p and gave the equation which p should satisfy. In this article, we prove that ( X 1 , Y 2 ) naturally has a density under more weak conditions. We again prove a similar result in dimension 3 and give an exact form ( X 1 , g 1 ( X 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 ) , g 2 ( X 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 ) , h ( X 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 ) , Y 2 , Y 3 ) depending on a certain convex function.

Under full H\"ormander's conditions, we prove the strong Feller property of the semigroup determined by an SDE driven by additive subordinate Brownian motion, where the drift is allowed to be arbitrarily growth. For this, we extend a criterion due to Malicet-Poly \cite{Ma-Po} and Bally-Caramellino \cite{Ba-Ca} about the convergence of the laws of Wiener functionals in total variations. Moreover, the example of a chain of coupled oscillators is verified., Comment: 10pages, Theorem 1.1 is improved

To prepare stable electrophoretic ink (E Ink) needs color particles to be uniformly dispersed in the organic medium. Thus, t-he modification of inorganic particle surface is required. In this paper, Titanium dioxide modified by alumina has been studied. The surface composition and structures of modified particles have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The dispersibility and electrophoretic mobility of these particles in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) have been investigated by laser particle size analyzer, static sedimentation and electrophoretic instrument. Effects of temperature, pH value and stirring rate on the dispersibility and the charge property of samples have been discussed. The results indicate the settle time of modified TiO2 can last 120 h with the response time of 35 s under the optimized modifying conditions, in which temperature is 85°C–90°C, pH is 8–9 and stirring rate is 800 r·min−1. The dispersibility and electrophoretic mobility have been significantly improved, which means that the modified TiO2 is suitable for electrophoretic ink particles.