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LiMn2O4 has the advantages of low cost and no pollution, and is widely regarded as a large-scale lithium battery cathode material. However, the capacity decays rapidly, which seriously affects the application of LiMn2O4 cathode materials. Therefore, improving the cycling performance of LiMn2O4 is the focus of current research. LiMn2O4 precursors were prepared by chemical precipitation and the precursors were coated to prepare LiMn2O4/TiO2 composites. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that LiMn2O4 had been successfully combined with TiO2. Electrode charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance tests showed that LiMn2O4/TiO2 had the best cycle performance at high rates. The initial discharge capacities of LiMn2O4/TiO2 reached 106.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 C. After 100 cycles, the 2 C capacity retention rates was 76.3 %, compared to only 66.5 % for pristine LiMn2O4. The improved electrochemical performance was attributed to the nanoscale oxides hindering the reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode, which effectively improved the stability of the material during high current charge and discharge.

The porous spherical LiMn2O4 cathode material was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method, using ammonium bicarbonate as the precipitation agent and polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene copolymer solution (P123) as the surfactant. Porous spherical LiMn2O4 had a smaller particle size and good dispersibility compared with ordinary LiMn2O4. In addition, the electrochemical performance of porous spherical LiMn2O4 was improved compared with ordinary LiMn2O4. The porous spherical LiMn2O4 reached the initial discharge capacity of 112.5mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C, and the capacity retention rate was 92.5% after 100 cycles. Furthermore, it also exhibited excellent stable performance under high current density. This work shows that the homogeneous precipitation method with P123 as the surfactant is a promising method for preparing LiMn2O4.

Flower-like ZnO microstructures were successfully produced using a hydrothermal method employing ZnSO4/(NH4)2SO4 as a raw material. The effect of the operating parameters of the hydrothermal temperature, OH−/Zn2+ molar ratio, time, and amount of dispersant on the phase structure and micromorphology of the ZnO particles were investigated. The synthesis conditions of the flower-like ZnO microstructures were: hydrothermal temperature of 160°C, OH−/Zn2+ molar ratio of 5:1, reaction time of 4 h, and 4 mL of dispersant. The flower-like ZnO microstructures were comprised of hexagon-shaped ZnO rods arranged in a radiatively. Degradation experiments of Rhodamine B with the flower-like ZnO microstructures demonstrated a degradation efficiency of 97.6% after 4 h of exposure to sunshine, indicating excellent photocatalytic capacity. The growth mechanism of the flower-like ZnO microstructures was presented.

MoO3 anode material was synthesized via the polymer network gel method. MoO3 samples were performed various characterization tests, including XRD diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical performance tests. The results showed that MoO3 prepared via the polymer network gel method exhibited superior electrochemical performance. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of MoO3 was studied. Among all the samples, MoO3 (600 °C) with a rod shape at a diameter of about 0.5–1.0 μm showed the best electrochemical performance, with a discharge capacity of 1189.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and remained at 503.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare composite micro-arc oxide coatings with better wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Design/methodology/approach A nickel powder composite micro-arc oxide film was prepared on the surface of the magnesium alloy by the method of organically combining ultra-fine Ni powder with micro arc oxidation film layer. In this experiment, the changes in the corrosion resistance and microstructure of the composite film layer after adding Ni powder were studied, and the effect of the addition of glycerin on the corrosion resistance of the film layer was analyzed. Findings The results show that the ultra-fine nickel powder was successfully prepared by the liquid phase reduction method, and the micro-arc oxidation process was modified under the optimal addition amount. The surface of the micro-arc oxide film made of ultra-fine nickel powder was found by SEM to have smooth surfaces and few holes. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the phase composition of the micro-arc oxide film layer was Mg, Ni, NiSiO4, MgNi (SiO4) and Mg2SiO4. According to the results of electrochemical tests, the corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxidation composite film layer was improved after the addition of ultra-fine Ni powder, the corrosion current was greatly reduced and the impedance has been improved. And after adding glycerin, the surface of the film layer becomes denser, and the corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxide film is significantly improved. Originality/value Through this experimental research, a micro-arc oxide coating of powder composite magnesium alloy was successfully prepared. The corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxidation film layer has been improved, and certain functions had been given to the micro-arc oxidation composite film, which has increased the application field of magnesium alloys.

We prepared cubic-like ZnMoO4 anode material via precipitation-freeze drying method and calcining directly in the air using zinc acetate and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate as raw materials. Through various characterization methods, the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of cubic-like ZnMoO4 were studied. By comparing the structure and morphology of cubic-like ZnMoO4 and ordinary ZnMoO4, cubic-like ZnMoO4 had a smaller particle size and good dispersibility. In addition, compared with ordinary ZnMoO4, the electrochemical performance of cubic-like ZnMoO4 was improved. When accepted as an anode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries, the cubic-like ZnMoO4 provided a discharge capacity of 457.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, it exhibited excellent electrochemical properties even at high current densities. The electrochemical results indicated that the cubic-like ZnMoO4 has high capacity, good rate ability, and outstanding cycle stability.

In order to enhance the corrosion resistance of molybdate conversion coating, the molybdate coating is subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment in electrolyte with Na2SiO3 as a main salt. The electrochemical behavior and corrosion weight loss of different coating were studied. The surface morphology, element composition, roughness and phase composition of different coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, laser confocal microscopy and XRD, the growth process of different micro-arc oxidation coatings was explored. The results shows that the arcing voltage of the molybdate coating enhanced by micro-arc oxidation is significantly reduced, the corrosion potential is shifted to the right, and the corrosion weightlessloss of the coating is the lowest, compared with the molybdate coating and the micro-arc oxidation coating. Micro-arc oxidation on the surface of the molybdate coating is beneficial to the formation of MgAl2O4 and the production of new phase is MoSi2, which can better improve the corrosion resistance of the molybdate coating. The micro-arc oxide coating does not form a ceramic film with a pore structure at the moment of arcing. As the micro-arc oxidation time prolongs, the ceramic film is gradually formed. When the time reaches 60 s, the ceramic film is completely formed. In this paper, micro-arc oxidation treatment is performed on the basis of molybdate conversion coating to obtain micro-arc oxidation enhanced molybdate coating. The experiment is mainly divided into three parts: the first part, molybdate conversion treatment of the magnesium alloy substrate to obtain a molybdate conversion coating. The second part, the micro-arc oxidation treatment is performed on the surface of the molybdate coating, and discharge channels appear on the surface. The third part, micro-arc oxidation enhanced molybdate coating is obtained.

The graphene-modified LiMn2O4 cathode material was synthesized by precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared (FITR) showed LiMn2O4 had been successfully combined with the graphene. The charge and discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study electrochemical properties of as-synthesized material. The results showed that the electrochemical properties of the graphene oxide–supported LiMn2O4 were superior to that of the LiMn2O4 material. The initial discharge capacity of the graphene-modified LiMn2O4 material reached 127 mAh g−1. After 100 cycles, it still had a capacity retention rate of 96.2%. Enhanced electrochemical performance of graphene-supported LiMn2O4 could be attributed to the establishment of fast Li+ channels and structural stability after coating LiMn2O4 with the graphene.

In order to get the state of particles and the reaction process in the electrolyte during electrodeposition clearly, the lotus leaf-like superhydrophobic film is prepared on the surface of aluminum alloy by electrodeposition, in which the contact angle reach 159.3∘. According to contact angle and scanning electron microscope results, the crystal water in the electrolyte system plays an important role in the deposition process. The existence of crystal water can promote the ionization of Ce[Formula: see text] and form the carrier system effectively. The composition of the film is cerium stearate, which shows multilayer growth. The electrochemical impedance spectra results show good corrosion resistance and application value.

The application of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) was still hindered by its poor high rate performance. Surface coating had proven to be an effective strategy to solve these problems. However, the previous surface coating method made the synthesis process more complicated. In this work, a simple organic salt decomposition method was developed to prepare LiFePO4@Ni cathode material (LFP@Ni). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that a uniform nickel-coated composite structure had been successfully constructed without changing the crystal structure. The charge and discharge test showed that after 200 cycles at 5C, LFP@Ni maintained a discharge specific capacity of 65.02% and the exchange current density was 1.3 times that of LFP. Compared with LFP and LFP-Ni, the composite cathode LFP@Ni had better cycle capacity. This improvement was attributed to the good conductivity of nickel, which can quickly conduct electrons in the LFP cathode material, thereby improving the dynamic performance of the LFP cathode material.

Prismatic-like LiMn2O4 (LMO-P) cathode material was successfully synthesized via precipitation-freeze drying route. Polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG 20000) was used as a surfactant. Physical and electrochemical performances of prismatic-like LiMn2O4 were investigated. The results confirm that prismatic-like LiMn2O4 exhibited better electrochemical performance: the discharge capacities were 125.8 (0.1 C), 116.7 (0.5 C), 110.7 (1.0 C), 103.5 (2.0 C), 93.1 (5.0 C), and 75.3 (10 C) mAh g−1, respectively. The capacity was 90.2 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C-rate over 500 cycles with capacity retention of 87.1%. Prismatic-like LiMn2O4 had a high discharge capacity, outstanding rate performance, and stability. It is concluded that the facile precipitation-freeze drying route with PEG 20000 as surfactant is a promising route for preparation of LiMn2O4.

LiFePO4/C-Li4Ti5O12 composite electrode materials were synthesized by blending LiFePO4/C and Li4Ti5O12 materials then calcining at 500 °C for 14 h. The effects of different composite ratios on the phase structure and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C-Li4Ti5O12 composite cathode materials were investigated. The results showed that the structure of LiFePO4/C and Li4Ti5O12 in the composite prepared by the simple blending method did not change. XRD shows only the characteristic peaks of these two substances and no characteristic peaks of other crystal impurities. When the recombination ratio was 8:2 (LPF-8), the obtained composite material had fine particles and uniform size. The initial discharge capacity at 0.1C rate is 151.56 mAh g−1 at the voltage of 1.0–4.2 V. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate was 97.3% which exhibited more outstanding electrochemical performance than samples with other composite ratios.

V and F ions co-doped LiFePO4/C (LFP-VF) cathode material is prepared via high-temperature ball milling route. Effects of V and F ions co-doped on the structure, morphology and electrochemical property of LiFePO4 are investigated in this work, and some analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, charge-discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are employed. The results confirm that prepared LFP-VF exhibits excellent electrochemical property. The specific capacities are 165.7 (0.1 C), 154.9 (1.0 C) and 124.9 (10 C) mAhg−1. Moreover, over 500 cycles at 1.0 C-rate, the discharge capacity is 148.2 mAhg−1 with a capacity retention rate of 95.7%. Experimental results indicate that the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 can be greatly enhanced by co-doping with V and F ions.

In this paper, oxidation doping modification of tin-graphite composite anode material, discussing the effect of doping different oxidants on the properties of composites. The structure and morphology were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The results showed that the oxidation effect of H2SO4 was better than HNO3 and H2O2. When the tin-graphite composite was oxidized by H2SO4, the material had better electrochemical properties, of which initial specific discharge capacity reached 859 mAh·g−1 at the rate of 0.1C, increasing by 113 and 76 mAh·g−1 compared with the HNO3 and H2O2. The initial discharge specific capacities at rates of 0.2, 0.5, and 1C were 809, 761, and 627 mAh·g−1.

LiFePO4/C cathode material was prepared via high-temperature ball-milling route with ultrasonic dispersion as mixing process using eutectic molten salt (0.76 LiOH·H2O-0.24 Li2CO3) as lithium source. Box-Behnken design was used to study the combined effects of ultrasonic time, ball-milling temperature, and ball-milling time on the discharge capacity to obtain the optimum predicted conditions. The optimum conditions were as follows: ultrasonic time was 63 min, ball-milling temperature was 638 °C, and ball-milling time was 7 h. LiFePO4/C prepared from the optimized experimental conditions exhibited a well electrochemical performance; its discharge capacity was 161.3 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C-rate which was in consistence with the predicted discharge capacity of 160.2 mAh g−1. Moreover, its capacity retention rate achieved 93.6% at a 10 C-rate over 100 cycles.

Li-ion batteries have drawn increasing attention because of attractive characteristics such as high operating voltage, high particle density, long cycle life, low self-discharge, and not showing a memory effect. LiFePO4/C cathode material was prepared via a sonochemical high-temperature ball milling method using Tween 80 dispersant. The effects of the Tween 80 on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C were investigated. The experimental results showed that the Tween 80 improved the surface area of LiFePO4/C, and the prepared cathode material showed a better electrochemical performance: it delivered discharge capacities of 159.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 110.4 mAh g−1 at 10 C, which were higher than for Tween 80-free samples. Moreover, the discharge capacity was 119.6 mAh g−1 at a rate of 5.0 C over 100 cycles while the capacity retention was 94.2%.

This paper briefly describes the preparation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by ultrasonic chemistry and its doping modification. The physical and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 were studied by SEM and electrochemical tests. The results show that the particles doped with graphene had smaller particle size and uniform distribution. The initial discharge specific capacity of 0.1C was 187 mAh g−1. The discharge specific capacity after 30 cycles was 181 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention rate was 97%. Graphene-doped samples had high capacity, excellent rate performance, and significant cycle stability.

Li1-xNbxFePO4/C has been prepared by wet mechanical stirring–assisted high-temperature ball milling route. Wet mechanical stirring was considered to be effective to promote the dispersion of the precursor in solution. Effect of Nb-doping amount was explored for enhancing the properties of LiFePO4/C. The experimental results showed that Li0.98Nb0.02FePO4/C displayed a well-crystallized structure of LiFePO4 and excellent electrochemical performance. It exhibited that the initial discharge capacities were 164.9 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C and 118.8 mAhg−1 at a rate of 10 C, respectively. Moreover, it achieved a specific capacity of 114.3 mAhg−1 at a 10 C rate after 200 cycles with a capacity fading rate of 3.8%. Thus, Nb-doping is recommended as a beneficial technique to improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.

LiFePO4/graphene (LiFePO4/G) cathode material was prepared by a facile ultrasound assisted high temperature ball milling method. Ultrasound assisted was found to be effective to promote the dispersing of the precursor in solution. Physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/G were studied. The results exhibited that graphene combined with the LiFePO4 clusters giving rise to a conductive network. LiFePO4/G displayed a well-crystallized LiFePO4 structure and excellent electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacities of LiFePO4/G were 162.8, 156.8, 151.9, 145.8, 137.5 and 121.6 mAhg−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Moreover, at 0.1 C-rate, the capacity was 160.4 mAhg−1 over 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 98.5%. It is concluded that graphene is a conductive additive which can enhance the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.

LiMn2O4 cathode material was prepared by high temperature ball milling combustion using lithium acetate, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials and citric acid as fuel. The effects of milling temperature improving the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, galvanostatic testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyze the as-prepared materials in this work. The experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 was obtained with material synthesized at 600 °C. The initial discharge capacities were 132, 121, 109, 93, 76 and 58 mAh g−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 C, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at a rate of 0.1 C, the capacity of LiMn2O4 sample was 125 mAh g−1, and its capacity retention rate achieved 94.7%. It is concluded that this novel synthesis method is a promising method for preparation of LiMn2O4.

LiFePO4-x/3Fx/C (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09) were obtained via wet mechanical agitation-assisted high-temperature ball milling method. XRD, SEM, TEM, galvanostatic testing, EIS, and CV were applied to study the effects of the amount of F-doping on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C. The results showed that LiFePO3.98F0.06/C displayed the best electrochemical performance: its initial discharge capacities were 162.6 (0.1 C), 156.6 (0.5 C), 150.2 (1.0 C), 144.5 (2.0 C), 131.6 (5.0 C), and 115.8 mAhg−1 (10 C), respectively. Moreover, its discharge capacity was 110.5 mAhg−1 over 100 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 95.4% at 10 C-rate. F-doping is suggested to be an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4.

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials have many advantages such as excellent safety performance and huge specific capacity. The advantages have attracted attention from industry and academia. At present, solid-phase method and co-precipitation method were widely used, but there were some drawbacks during the manufacturing process, occasioning the broke cycle performance. In this paper, the effects of freeze-drying method, solid-phase method, and co-precipitation method on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials were studied. Compared with the other samples, the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials prepared via freeze-drying method exhibited the best electrochemical performance in the half-cell testing. After 100 cycles at 0.1 C, the discharge specific capacity was 151.89 mAh g−1, which was 34.1 mAh g−1 higher than that of solid-phase method. The capacity retention rate was 84.17%. It also showed excellent electrochemical performance at 5 C. The first discharge specific capacity was 149.56 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention rate was 84.17%. The experimental results showed that freeze-drying method could effectively improve the electrochemical performance.

LiFePO 4 /C cathode material for lithium ion battery was prepared with lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron oxide, and glucose monohydrate as raw materials. In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance, the influence of Li:Fe molar ratio was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 /C was reached in this study, when Li:Fe molar ratio was 1.03:1 synthesized preheated ball milling temperature at 300 °C for 1 h, and then ball milling temperature at 650 °C for 8 h, at the rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, the initial discharge capacities of 157 (± 2), 151 (± 2), 144 (± 2), 136 (± 2), 119 (± 2), 102 (± 2) mAhg − 1 , respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at rate of 0.1 C, the capacity of LiFePO 4 /C sample was 155 (± 2) mAhg − 1 , and its capacity retention rate achieve 99.5%.

LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium ion battery was prepared with lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron oxide, glucose and polyethylene glycol 12,000 as raw materials. In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance, influence of synthesis method was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C was reached in this study, when raw materials were directly wet mixed to obtain precursors, the precursors through high temperature ball milling with ball milling at 650 °C for 8 h. At the rate of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10 and 20C, the initial discharge capacities of 154.4, 150.2, 146.1, 137.3, 127.7, 115.8 and 97.5 mAhg−1 were achieved, respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at a rate of 0.5C, the capacity of LiFePO4/C sample was 144.4 mAhg−1, and its capacity retention rate achieved 96.1%. It is implied that high temperature ball milling method is a promising method for preparation of LiFePO4/C with an excellent electrochemical performance.

We elucidate here the strengthening mechanisms in titanium microalloyed low-carbon steels, which were rolled into plates of 12 mm thickness using a combination of thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) and ultrafast cooling (UFC). The ultrafast cooling combined with thermomechanical controlled processing is referred by us as new generation (NG)-TMCP. Chemical phase analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the characteristics of nanoscale cementite precipitates and microalloyed precipitates. Besides nanoscale TiC, cementite precipitates of size less than ∼35 nm with high volume fraction were observed in Ti-microalloyed steel. Cementite with high volume fraction had a stronger precipitation strengthening effect than nanometer-sized TiC. The precipitation strengthening contribution of nanoscale precipitates of different types and size was estimated together with solid solution strengthening and grain refinement strengthening contribution. The estimated yield strength was consistent with the experimental value.

It has been discovered that SAα2–6 Gal glycans prevailingly distribute in human upper respiratory tract while a few SAα2–3 Gal glycans distribute in human lower respiratory tract. In this study, we aimed to separate and identify SAα2–3/6 Gal glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) in human saliva and serum, since that these GBPs may possess anti-influenza A virus (anti-IAVs) protective effects by binding to receptor glycoconjugates earlier than virus hemagglutinin (HA). By using SAα2–3/6 Gal glycan-magnetic particles complexes, a total of 116 GBPs (33 SAα2–3 Gal GBPs, S3GBPs; 22 SAα2–6 Gal GBPs, S6GBPs; and 61 SAα2–3/6 Gal GBPs, SGBPs) in saliva and 144 GBPs (29 S3GBPs, 27 S6GBPs and 88 SGBPs) in serum were identified. Through emPAI analysis, for 61 saliva SGBPs, 16.39% showed higher extracting amount by SAα2–3 Gal, and 57.38% showed higher extracting amount by SAα2–6 Gal; for 88 serum SGBPs, only 2.27% showed higher extracting amount by SAα2–3 Gal, and up to 89.77% showed higher extracting amount by SAα2–6 Gal. A computational docking approach verified the docking between cystatin/apolipoprotein A-I and SAα2–3/6 Gal. Our study may supply useful information to help understand the nature protective role of saliva, and the anti-IAVs double effects of proteins that simultaneously play sialoglycoprotein and SAα2–3/6 Gal GBP roles.

The present work proposes an environmentally friendly, simple, and efficient way to impart smoke suppression and flame retardancy to rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) by soaking the pristine RPUF for short periods in the saccharomycetes fungus (SF) solution and then in the ammonium molybdate (AM) solution. The co-addition of SF and AM exhibit good performance on smoke suppression and flame retardant. The level of flammability, thermal degradation behavior, and combustion properties of the samples are evaluated mainly via vertical burning tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and calorimetry, respectively. The proportions of 16SF/3AM/RPUF are varied to maximize the performance of the processed RPUF samples in terms of both smoke suppression and flame retardancy, which are substantially increased by the optimal sample compared to those of pristine RPUF.

High-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material has gradually been one of the research hotspots. In this study, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared via a facile polymeric gel route. Compared with conventional sol-gel method, polymer network gel route can greatly improve the synthesis efficiency. The microstructure of as-synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was octahedron with uniform distribution. It proved an excellent electrochemical performance. The discharge capacities of as-synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 were 132.2, 116.2, 102.5 and 82.3 mAh·g−1 at rates of 0.2, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Over 60 cycles, the rate was restored to 0.2 C again, the discharge capacity (129.2 mAh·g−1) retention rate was 97.7% of initial capacity. The study we have performed showed that polymeric gel route was a facile powder technology to prepare high-performance LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material.

In this work, aluminum diethylphosphite (ADPO2) and expandable graphite (EG) exhibited synergistic effect and were introduced into polyurethane to improve the flame retardancy and thermal behavior. The structures were confirmed more denser than when added into either of the two. Additionally, the thermal performance and combustion behaviors of flame-retardant polyurethane were evaluated that when the ratio of ADPO2 to EG was 1:2, the flame-retardant performance was better than that achieved at a ratio of 2:1; Finally, the thermodynamic properties could demonstrate that when the ADPO2-to-EG ratio was 1:2 (ADPO25g and EG10g), the heat release rate (HRR) was 125 kW/m2, the lowest of all values, and was nearly half of the value without adding flame retardants.

[Formula: see text] samples were obtained via high-temperature ball milling route with different mixing processes. Ultrasonic radiation and wet mechanical agitation were used as mixing processes, respectively. The effects of different mixing processes on the structure and electrochemical performance of [Formula: see text] were investigated. The results exhibited that [Formula: see text] prepared by high-temperature ball milling with ultrasonic irradiation as mixing processes displayed the best rate capability and cycle stability among all the samples: it delivered discharge capacities of [Formula: see text] (0.1 C), [Formula: see text] (5.0 C) and [Formula: see text] (10 C) [Formula: see text], respectively. The discharge capacity was [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] at 0.5 C-rate over 100 cycles with capacity retention of 95.0%. It is concluded that ultrasonic irradiation is an effective mixing process for the preparation of [Formula: see text] cathode material via high-temperature ball milling route.

The (C, N and S) co-doped TiO2 (TH-TiO2) samples were synthesized by a sol-gel method calcined at 500 °C, employing butyl titanate as the titanium source and thiourea as the dopant. The structures of TH-TiO2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activities were checked through the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) as a model compound under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the thiourea content played an important role on the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the samples. According to XPS results, (C, N and S) atoms were successfully co-doped into the nanostructures of TH-TiO2 samples. TH-TiO2 samples with thiourea: Ti molar ratio of 1.5 exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than that of the other samples under visible light irradiation, which can be attributed to the synergic effect of the pure anatase structure, the higher light absorption characteristics in visible regions, separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs, the specific surface area and the optimum (C, N and S) content.

The (N, S and C) co-doped TiO2 samples (NSC-TiO2) were synthesized by the sol–gel method combining with the high energy ball milling method calcined at the different temperature (400–700 °C), employing butyl titanate as the titanium source and thiourea as the doping agent. The structures of NSC-TiO2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activities were checked through the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) as a model compound under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the (N, S and C) co-doping and the calcination temperature played important role on the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the samples. According to XPS spectra, sulfur was mainly attributed to the Ti O S bond; nitrogen was ascribed to the Ti O N and Ti N bonds; carbon was assigned to the Ti O C bond in the NSC-TiO2 samples. (N, S and C) co-doped TiO2 samples calcinated at 500 °C exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than that of the other samples under visible light irradiation, which can be attributed to the synergic effect of its enhancing crystallization of anatase and (N, S and C) co-doping.

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials were synthesized by the high temperature method under the same process conditions using different lithium source (LiOH, Li2CO3). The structure and morphology of synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods, and the electrochemical performance of the material was investigated by measurements of charge and discharge. The results showed that the synthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2using Li2CO3 as the lithium source has a high electrochemical reversed. The specific discharge capacity is 155.7mAh/g under the discharge at 0.1C -rate, with a capacity retention rate of 99.7% over 25 cycles. So it has the excellent electrochemical performance.

Background: Chronic infection with HBV (CHB) or HCV (CHC) is the most common chronic viral hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans, their infections have distinct pathogenic processes, however, little is known about the difference of glycoprotein glycopatterns in serum between hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients.Methods: A method combining the lectin microarrays, letin-mediated affinity capture glycoproteins, and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS was employed to analyze serum protein glycopatterns and identify the glycan structures from patients with CHB (n = 54) or CHC(n = 47), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 35). Lectin blotting was further utilized to validate and assess the expression levels of their serum glycopatterns. Finally, the differences of the glycoprotein glycopatterns were systematically compared between CHB and CHC patients.Conclusions: As a result, there were 11 lectins (e.g., HHL, GSL-II, and EEL) exhibited significantly increased expression levels, and three lectins (LCA, VVA, and ACA) exhibited significantly decreased expression levels of serum protein glycopatterns only in the CHB patients. However, DBA exhibited significantly decreased expression levels, and two lectins (WGA and SNA) exhibited significantly increased expression levels of serum glycopatterns only in the CHC patients. Furthermore, LEL and MAL-I showed a coincidentally increasing trend in both CHC and CHB patients compared with the HV. The individual analysis demonstrated that eight lectins (MPL, GSL-I, PTL-II, UEA-I, WGA, LEL, VVA, and MAL-I) exhibited a high degree of consistency with the pooled serum samples of HV, CHB, and CHC patients. Besides, a complex-type N-glycans binder PHA-E+L exhibited significantly decreased NFIs in the CHB compared with HV and CHC subjects (p < 0.01). The MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS results of N-linked glycans from the serum glycoproteins isolated by PHA-E+L-magnetic particle conjugates showed that there was an overlap of 23 N-glycan peaks (e.g., m/z 1419.743, 1663.734, and 1743.581) between CHB, and CHC patients, 5 glycan peaks (e.g., m/z 1850.878, 1866.661, and 2037.750) were presented in virus-infected hepatitis patients compared with HV, 3 glycan peaks (1460.659, 2069.740, and 2174.772) were observed only in CHC patients. Our data provide useful information to find new biomarkers for distinguishing CHB and CHC patients based on the precision alteration of their serum glycopatterns.

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. Thus, there is a critical need for diagnostic biomarkers with adequate sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer detection. Glycans in glycoproteins are significantly altered in cancer, and may serve as a tool for identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers. Recent studies have reported changes in α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) glycosylation in lung cancer serum, tissue and cell lines. In this study, a lectin microarray was used to detect glycosylation changes in serum A1AT from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and benign pulmonary diseases. Differentially expressed glycosylated patterns of A1AT were identified by lectin arrays and were confirmed by lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that galactosylated A1AT could distinguish non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from benign pulmonary diseases (AUC = 0.834); fucosylated A1AT showed exceptional capability in distinguishing ADC from benign diseases (AUC = 0.919) or other lung cancer subtypes (AUC = 0.844), and A1AT containing poly-LacNAc could detect SCLC from benign diseases (AUC = 0.905) or NSCLC (AUC = 0.707). The present study indicates that glycosylated patterns of A1AT may serve as potential biomarkers for detection of lung cancer. Further studies in larger sample sizes are necessary to validate the clinical utility of these markers.

A study of Cu–Cr alloy powder preparation by a newly developed mechanical alloying (MA) approach was conducted using a modified mill. Results showed that the preparation temperature was much lower in the tests employing modified mill than with traditional equipment, and that no distinct differences could be found in the products prepared by the vibratory and planetary mills. Active carbon powder was found to exhibit an excellent reducing capacity for metallic oxides, while graphite powder was found inappropriate in this process. Based on the experimental results, purified Cu–Cr alloy nano-scale grain can prepared by mechanical alloying in the modified mill at 325 °C for 3 h with a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 15:1. A crystal agglomeration phenomenon was also found in the final alloy powder, leading to an increase in particle size.