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本研究以2020年为基准年，侧重交通领域排放重点——道路交通（排放占比为78%），通过分析广东省不同区域发展现状及“十四五”规划，创建了三个情景——基准情景、现有政策延续情景和零排放情景，从新能源汽车推广与替代、新车燃油经济性提升、运输结构优化调整、活动水平控制、上游发电/制氢供应结构减排等方面，对广东省全省及分区域2020—2060年道路交通碳排放开展情景分析，并基于情景分析结果，提出近期、中长期广东省全省及分区域道路交通碳减排建议。

Intensive energy penalty caused by CO2 separation process is a critical obstacle for retrofitting power plant with carbon capture technology. Therefore, the concept of utilizing solar energy to assist solvent regeneration for post-combustion carbon capture power plant is proposed recently as a promising pathway to compensate the efficiency reduction derived from CO2 capture process. However, the feasibility of solar-assisted post-combustion technologies largely depends on the types of CO2 absorbent, categories of solar thermal collectors, areas of solar field, and the integration of thermal energy storage system. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative analysis on monoethanolamine-based and NH3-based so-larassisted post-combustion power plants employing two types of solar collectors, i.e the vacuum tube and the parabolic through collector, with climate data of Tianjin City, China. Levelized costs of electricity and cost of CO2 removed are comparatively studied for both solar-assisted post-combustion configurations. Results show that the proposed solar-assisted post-combustion configurations are economically viable when the price of vacuum tube is lower than 86.64 $/m2 and 117.29 $/m2 for the monoethanolamine-based and NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plant, respectively. Meanwhile, the price of parabolic through collector should be less than 111.12 $/m2 for the monoethanolamine-based and 114.51 $/m2 for the NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plant. It is indicated that employing the vacuum tube for chilled NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plant offers a promising approach to reduce the energy penalty with attractive economic performance.

Global warming caused by CO2 emissions, and environmental pollution caused by waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) disposal, are commonly considered as two stand-alone urgent environmental issues. However, using waste PET bottles as a carbon precursor to synthesise activated carbon (AC) for CO2 adsorption could provide a promising approach to solve the two environmental issues, simultaneously. Currently, it is still unclear whether such a solution could approach the aim of negative emissions based on a life cycle perspective. Therefore, this study assessed waste PET-derived AC coupled with temperature swing CO2 adsorption (TSA) to provide a comprehensive investigation on the potential life cycle environmental impacts. This study identified that this waste PET bottle-to-CO2 adsorbent approach could achieve negative CO2 emission, and thus provide an environmentally-friendly route to close the carbon loop. Nevertheless, the impacts of primary energy demand (PED) and water resource depletion (WU) would challenge its technical feasibility. In order to explore the key factors affecting the environmental impact, sensitivity analysis on CO2 capture, the heat source required for CO2 desorption, as well as bottle to bottle (B2B) recycling, were performed, and the major finding implies that replacing conventional heat sources by those from biomass can significantly decrease the PED impact. In addition, when recycled PET flakes were used for PET production, the life cycle impacts of WU decreased over 25%.

This study aimed to examine the prognostic value of elective neck dissection (END) in TAn observational retrospective study.This retrospective study included 845 patients diagnosed with TOur study showed that END was an independent prognostic factor associated with a better 3-year OS compared with OBS in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.464; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.235-0.916; P = .027). However, we found no prognostic value of END in HPV-negative cohort (adjusted HR, 0.837; 95% CI, 0.535-1.310; P = .435). In the subgroup analyses, we found that younger patients (≤65 years old) and patients with nontonsillar tumors in HPV-positive cohort were more likely to benefit from END, while patients with tonsillar tumors in HPV-negative cohort may benefit from END.We found that patients with HPV-positive T3 Laryngoscope, 132:1205-1212, 2022.

To explore effective schemes of reducing carbon emission at the city level, this study evaluate the decoupling situation and the driving forces of industrial carbon emission in a coastal city of Zhuhai, China. Macro and micro analyses of evolutions of energy consumption, carbon emission, and industrial added value were conducted from 2006 to 2016. Carbon emission was decomposed at the overall and subdivided industrial level by using the logarithmic mean division index method (LMDI) method. Results showed that the industrial added value emerges sustainable increase tendency. Both energy consumption and carbon emission keeps continuous increase during the 11th five year period (11-FYP). They firstly decrease and then they present volatile change during the rest years of the 12-FYP. Rigorous incentives should be enacted to avoid the phenomenon of carbon emission increase rebound during the later phase of each FYP. There are no decoupling signals during the whole 11-FYP. Strong decoupling started to emerge during the 12-FYP. On a micro level, the decoupling phenomenon enhanced with the extension of the evaluation cycle. Furthermore, the economic output value is the main driving force factor of carbon emission, and the energy intensity effect is the dominant driver for reducing the industrial carbon emission during the 11-FYP. For the 12-FYP, the conjunctive role of the industrial structure effect, the energy intensity effect, the energy mix effect, and carbon emission factor effect drives carbon emission mitigation. Keywords: Energy consumption, Carbon emission, Decoupling, Driving forces, Industrial sector, City-level

Guangdong Province is the first batch of national low carbon pilots of China. Studying the interrelationships of economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emission, as well as the driving forces of carbon emission is not only important for the local mitigation strategy, but also for the experience which can be provided for the other regions. In this work, carbon emission within Guangdong province was calculated from 1995 to 2015. Co-relationships of economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon emission were analyzed during the past two decades. In addition, driving force of carbon emission was investigated by applying the LMDI method. Results show that economic growth in Guangdong Province from 1995-2015 can be divided into the Mild Grow Stage, Fast Grow Stage, and the New Normal Stage. During the First two stages, energy consumption and carbon emission increase with the steps of economic growth. However, carbon emission evolves with the fluctuation of economic growth during the third stage, while energy consumption keeps increasing continuously. Decomposition analysis shows that economic and demographic growth both play positive role on carbon emission of Guangdong province. Moreover, for the majority of sub periods, the decomposition of energy intensity is helpful for carbon reduction of Guangdong Province. Energy structure adjustment also is beneficial for controlling carbon emission increase for most years. Furthermore, there is still potential for the development of technology mitigation, because the effect of carbon intensity always takes role as promoting carbon emission in Guangdong Province for the past two decades.

Economic growth and environment protection related to low-carbon emission are two important wings for a coastal city. Controlling the industrial energy consumption and carbon emission for a city level is essential for the local sustainable development. We investigate the low-carbon development for Zhuhai industrial sector from 2006 to 2016. Energy consumption, carbon emission, and industrial added value are selected as the basic parameters. Industrial energy consumption and carbon emission are calculated according to the national assessment method, and the decoupling situations are studied as well in this word. Results show that for most years, carbon emission is closely linked to energy consumption, there is little decoupling trend for these two parameters. However, energy consumption and industrial added value emerge strong or weak decoupling, and carbon emission and industrial value also have decoupling trend from 2011, which indicates the technical progress for Zhuhai industrial sector during the past ten years. The main driving forces for this decoupling trend are the adjustment of the industrial structures and the applications of energy-saving technology and schemes in the energy-intensity and carbon-intensity industrial sectors. In addition, controlling industrial energy consumption is urgently needed for the sake of carbon mitigation.

China is now in the process of building its national carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS). Data are the foundation for the design and operation of an ETS. This paper presents a comparative analysi...

Industrial park shoulders heavy responsibilities for economic development, and in the meantime, acts the role as energy consumer and carbon emitter. Under the background of holding the average glob ...

Urban traffic pollution poses a serious threat to the environment and human health, especially in urban centres with high population density. Traditional traffic pollution quantification and management methods can be improved based on fine-grained individual vehicle data provided by intelligent transportation systems. Traditional traffic emission quantification and management are often based on simulated or relatively coarse-grained measured data. Such data lack a comprehensive reflection of the actual conditions of all vehicles travelling on roads, which leads to deviations in emission quantification; thus, they cannot support the delicate control policy of traffic pollution. This paper presents a high-resolution individual vehicle emission quantification method based on real-time, real-world individual vehicle data, with a combination of automatic licence plate recognition data and vehicle registration data currently used for traffic management. In this study, we quantified the emissions of each vehicle driving in the urban centre of the case city and analysed regional traffic emission characteristics. We found that there was an apparent uneven distribution of vehicle emissions; that is, the emissions from a small number of high-emission vehicles accounted for a large proportion of the regional traffic emissions. Different pollutants and vehicle types had different emission distribution characteristics. Furthermore, we explored emission reduction policies based on the management of high-emission vehicles identified by individual vehicle data and conduct fine-scale analysis of the link-level hourly emission reduction effects. In addition, a comparison between traditional methods and the method used in this paper for emission quantification was performed. This paper provides a basis for the accurate analysis of regional traffic emission characteristics, individual-based emission reduction policy formulation, and refined policy effect analysis, which has great significance for the control of traffic pollution.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is widely regarded as an important strategy to limit CO2 emissions from point sources, especially for coal-fired power plants. However, current CO2 capture technologies are energy-intensive and require substantial cooling capacities. The extensive deployment of CCS technology increases the energy and water stress in power sectors. This study considers a plant level nexus approach to assess the relationship between water, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of four types of available post-combustion carbon capture power plants from life cycle perspective. It is found that the integration of CCS translates into an increase in life cycle primary energy demand (PED) by 21–46% and water resources depletion by 59–95% compared with the reference power plant with wet cooling tower system, where the membrane-based system exhibits the best performance. However, the life cycle GHG reduction rate reduced to 65%–70% at 90% capture rate. The life cycle energy and water cost of GHG mitigation were quantified as 3.06–7.32 kJ/kg CO2-eq and 1.72–3.00 kg/CO2-eq, respectively, demonstrating the presence of sharp trade-offs between GHG reductions and energy demand as well as water consumptions for carbon capture technologies.

High energy penalty of solvent regeneration process is one of the main technical obstacles hindering the commercial application of amine-based absorption CO2 capture. It leads to 9–12% of efficiency reduction in power plants. Consequently, integrating solar energy to assist solvent regeneration for post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) has shown potential to compensate for the efficiency penalty in power plants. Owing to the intrinsic intermittence and fluctuation of solar energy, it is expected that solar-assisted post-combustion CO2 capture (SPCC) power plants would operate flexibly to optimize its techno-economic performance. This paper explores the feasibility of solar-assisted carbon capture power plant with flexible operation in terms of net profits and CO2 emissions, using optimization modelling based on the Chinese electricity and carbon trading markets. This assessment was conducted under dynamic operation of the power plant. The operational status of the carbon capture system and solar thermal system were varied. Results indicate that compared to the conventional carbon capture plant, the cumulative profit of flexible solar-assisted carbon capture plant increased by nearly 50% in a selected typical month, whilst exhibiting around 25% ructions in cumulative CO2 emissions. Importantly, the economic performance of a solar-assisted carbon capture power plant is quite sensitive to grid-on electricity tariffs, subsidies for solar derived electricity, and to the carbon emissions allowance of the carbon market.

As China is the largest greenhouse gas emitter and has the characteristics of significant regional disparity, the issue of regional low-carbon development strategy is of vital importance for the achievement of the country&rsquo, s long-term emission targets. This work focused on China&rsquo, s long-term carbon emission abatement from the perspective of regional disparity. We firstly analyzed the national emission trajectories consistent with the current Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), 2 &deg, C, and 1.5 &deg, C goals in two economic growth pathways by 2050 using a linear programming model, then classified the provinces into three categories, and compared results of different scenarios of regional disparity patterns, economic growth rates, and emission targets. Results showed that different regional patterns led to different required carbon reduction targets for all categories, and the regional emission reduction measures had to be stronger in a higher growth rate or a more stringent emission target, especially for the developed areas. A scheme of regionally coordinated low-carbon development was then recommended for the formulation of long-term regional emission targets, and carbon reduction strategies for categories were proposed in terms of energy mix optimization, industrial transformation, and technology innovation, which is of great policy implication for China in regional development and national emission targets enhancement.

Multi-granulation rough set (MGRS) is a new research direction of rough set theory in recent years. This paper introduces the MGRS into the incomplete fuzzy information systems based on dominance relation. A model of dominance-based multi-granulation rough set (DMGRS) is established. Then a number of important properties are obtained. Moreover, a conclusion is presented by comparing the approximation accuracy between single granulation space and multi-granulation space, which indicates that the approximation accuracy will enlarge as the number of granulations increasing. Finally, three forms of “OR” decision rules are investigated.

According to the discernibility function constructed by the discernibility matrix, in this paper a new method is proposed that can be easily understood and programmed to get the minimal disjunctive normal form item by item. This method is proved by theorems that the approach can certainly get the minimal disjunctive normal form and all of the reductions. An example shows that the approach is correct and valid. The method adapts a dynamic information system with the objects gradually increasing.

In this paper, firstly, a consistency definition for interval numbers complementary judgment matrix and its consistency sufficient condition are proposed. Secondly, two priority methods for interval numbers complementary judgment matrix, which are least square method and linear goal programming method, are proposed. Thirdly, a new method for the creation of interval number comprehensive judgment matrix is proposed. Finally, numerical examples are given to show their feasibility and effectiveness.

In this paper, firstly, the existing problems of the solution of weight vector of triangular fuzzy number complementary judgment matrix, which are proposed by Xu (2004) and Gu (2006), are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the consistency definition for triangular fuzzy number complementary judgment matrix (TFNCJM) proposed by Gu (2006), a consistency sufficient condition of TFNCJM is proposed, and a linear goal programming of TFNCJM is established. Then the weight vector of TFNCJM is obtained by solving the model. Thirdly, the paper gives a new priority formula for triangular fuzzy number, and the priority of alternatives are obtained by using the formula. Finally, a numerical example is given to show their feasibility and effectiveness.