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It is a great challenge for the rational molecular design of light-emitting conjugated polymers to inherently suppress the ubiquitous coffee-ring effect (CRE), which is the critical bottleneck for ...

As an important food production area in the north of China, the Hetao plain is extremely vulnerable to nitrate pollution caused by agricultural production activities and additional factors. Thus, it is of great significance for the environmental protection and rational use of groundwater to detect the current situation of groundwater nitrate pollution, temporal and spatial evolution characteristics, and main influencing factors in the Hetao irrigation district. We selected the Wualte irrigation area as the study area, and the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in groundwater nitrate concentration and the main influencing factors in this area were explored. We used statistical analysis to analyze the nitrogen content of groundwater in the study area, and the Piper three-line diagram was used to explore the characteristics of chemical composition and evolution; furthermore, we used ion ratio and correlation analysis methods to explore the source of NO

The hierarchically uniform condensed structure of light-emitting conjugated molecules is an effective platform to obtain an excellent electronic landscape with little physical defect and further im...

Molecular conformation is crucial for precisely controlling photophysical processing and self-assembly behavior of organic conjugated semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. Herein, we obta...

Summary The realization of robust luminescence in crystalline and anisotropic nanowires of wide bandgap light-emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs) is challenging. Compared to the periodic arrangements in conventional crystalline nanostructure, hierarchical uniform structures will provide an electronic landscape to obtain excellent optoelectronic behaviors, which are desirable for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer lasers. Here, we construct a range of robust hierarchical uniform crystalline nanowires of wide bandgap polydiarylfluorenes for light-emitting optoelectronic applications. Steric hindrance interactions of the bulky groups enable these nanowires to show a robust deep-blue emission, due to the suppression of interchain aggregation. Therefore, efficient deep-blue nanowire-based PLEDs with an intrachain excitonic behavior are fabricated. Moreover, our β-conformational hierarchical uniform nanowires present a low-threshold deep-blue lasing behavior. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep-blue organic nanolaser based on LCPs self-assembled nanowires by constructing hierarchical uniform crystalline structure.

Molecular conformation is an important factor in flexible organic molecules and deeply influences their physical and chemical properties. Here, a model fluorene trimer, 2,2′:7′,2″-ter(9,9-dimethylfluorene) (TDMeF), was designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of conformational diversity of oligofluorene on the morphologies of microcrystals and photophysical properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that TDMeF has four polymorphs with different molecular conformations, and crystalline polymorphism is first observed in oligofluorenes. Moreover, the slight change in molecular conformation leads to form different crystal morphologies, namely, ribbon and rodlike microcrystals, in virtue of different intermolecular interactions. Finally, although both microcrystals display deep blue lasing behaviors, the rodlike microcrystal shows a threshold of 114 W/cm2, which is twice times lower than that of the ribbon-like one due to the effect of molecular orientation and optical microcavity.

The halogen bond is emerging as an important driving force for supramolecular self-assembly, and has attracted great interest in the past decade. Among the ample halogen-bonding donors, we note the ability of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (1,3,5-TFTIB) to co-crystallize with various halogen-bonding acceptors, ranging from neutral Lewis bases (nitrogen-containing heterocycles, N-oxides, and triphenylphosphine selenide (Ph3PSe)) to anions (halide ions and thiocyanate ion), leading to a wide diversity of supramolecular architectures. Some of them are promising optoelectronic functional materials. In this review, we concentrate on the structures of multicomponent supramolecular complexes, highlight typical examples, and point out the main possible directions that remain to be developed in this field. From the perspectives of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, the complexes reviewed here should provide useful information for further design and investigation on this fascinating class of halogen-bonding supramolecular architectures.

Halogen bonding is emerging as a significant driving force for supramolecular self-assembly and has aroused great interest during the last two decades. Among the various halogen-bonding donors, we take notice of the ability of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) to co-crystallize with diverse halogen-bonding acceptors in the range from neutral Lewis bases (nitrogen-containing compounds, N-oxides, chalcogenides, aromatic hydrocarbons and organometallic complexes) to anions (halide ions, thio/selenocyanate ions and tetrahedral oxyanions), leading to a great variety of supramolecular architectures such as discrete assemblies, 1D infinite chains and 2D/3D networks. Some of them act as promising functional materials (e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence, optical waveguide, laser, non-linear optics, dielectric and magnetism) and soft materials (e.g. liquid crystal and supramolecular gel). Here we focus on the supramolecular structures of multicomponent complexes and their related physicochemical properties, highlight representative examples and show clearly the main directions that remain to be developed and improved in this area. From the point of view of crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, the complexes summarized here should give helpful information for further design and investigation of the elusive category of halogen-bonding supramolecular functional materials.

To uncover spiro-substitution effect in gain media, four types of spiro-terfluorene derivatives, in which two individual conjugation chains with different conjugation length were connected via spirofluorene-9,9′-xanthene (SFX) and spirobifluorene (SBF) units, have been designed and synthesized. All spiro-terfluorene derivatives display high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) and radiative transition rate (Kr) in solution. The PLQY and Kr gradually increase in the spin-coating films of 2SFX-SBF, 3SFX-SBF and 4SFX-SBF, clearly indicating that the lateral spiro-substitution can effectively suppress aggregation-induced exciton quenching. As a result, 4SFX-SBF with two identical conjugation chains possesses the best amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) performance with a low threshold of 0.28 μJ/cm2 and high gain coefficient of 159 cm−1. In addition, the spiro-terfluorenes display outstanding thermal stability, and the ASE threshold only doubles after 150 °C annealing. Hence, the lateral spiro-substituted strategy would be an intriguing strategy to design high-gain and low-threshold media for organic lasers.

A series of supramolecular salts have been obtained by the self-assembly of 4-fluorobenzylamine and halide ions or metal chloride with 18-crown-6 as the host in the hydrochloric acid medium, i.e. (C7H9FN)+⋅X− (X = Cl−, 1; Br−, 2), [(C7H9FN)2⋅(18-crown-6)2]2+⋅(MCl4)2− (M = Mn, 3; Co, 5; Zn, 7; Cd, 8), [(C7H9FN)⋅(18-crown-6)]+⋅(FeCl4)− (4) and [(C7H9FN)⋅(18-crown-6)]+⋅1/2(CuCl4)2− (6). Structural analyses indicate that 1–2 crystallize in the triclinic space group P−1, 4 in orthorhombic space group Pnma and 3, 5, 6–8 in the monoclinic space group P21/c or C2/c. In these compounds, extensive intermolecular interactions have been utilized for the self-assembly of diverse supramolecular architectures, ranging from strong N–H⋯X (X = O, Cl, Br) hydrogen bonds to weak C–H⋯Y (Y = F, Cl, π) interactions. N–H⋯Cl/Br hydrogen bonds offer the major driving force in the crystal packing of salts 1–2 while N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds are found in salts 3–8.

A series of inorganic acids were introduced into the self-assembly with the bent 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4-bpo), yielding seven anion-assisted supramolecular salts, i.e. [(4-H2bpo2+)·(NO3−)2]·2H2O (1), (4-H2bpo2+)·(HPO42−) (2), [(4-H2bpo2+)2·(4-Hbpo+)·(I3−)3·(I−)2]·2H2O (3), [(4-Hbpo+)2·(PF6−)2]·H2O (4), [(4-H2bpo2+)·(BF4−)2]·H2O (5), [(4-Hbpo+)·(BF4−)] (6) and (4-H2bph2+)·(SO42−) (7). Structural analyses indicate that different inorganic anions (e.g. spherical, linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral and octahedral) can induce the formation of diverse supramolecular architectures, influencing the crystallization ratio, the protonated number and the final structure. The anions are hydrogen bonded to the angular dipyridine, which offers a sufficient driving force for the directed assembly of supramolecular hydrogen-bonding frameworks. Thereto, various hydrogen-bonding motifs are observed in all these cases (1–7) and the nitrogen atoms of pyridines are protonated apart from salt 6. Among them, salts 1, 3, 4 and 5 crystallize with water molecules but the others do not. Interestingly, appealing substructures have been generated by anions and water molecules in 1, 3 and 5 but not in 4. HPO42− dimers form in 2 despite there being no assistance from solvent water. BF4− anions facilitate the formation of the helical chain in 6. Unexpectedly, the oxadiazole ring opened via the in situ hydrolysis under hydrothermal conditions during crystallization with H2SO4, producing salt 7.

The systematic research has been done into structural variations of supramolecular architectures by the self assembly of two pyridine-based potential anion receptors, 1-(4-pyridyl)piperazine (L1) and 4-pyrrolidinopyridine (L2), and different inorganic acids (HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HIO4, H2SO4 and H3PO4). The formation of four fascinating salts, i.e. (H2L12+)·(H2PO4−)2 (1), (H2L12+)·(ClO4−)2 (2), (HL2+)·(ClO4−) (3) and (HL2+)·(IO4−) (4), indicates that N-heterocyclic L1 and L2 are prone to cocrystallize with tetrahedral oxyanions and anionic topologies play a crucial role in the crystallization process. Structural analyses reveal that various intermolecular ring motifs have been generated by robust hydrogen-bonding interactions in compounds 1–4. In particular, interesting substructures were observed in H2PO4− from salts 1 due to its polytopic potential hydrogen-bonding donor and acceptor oxygen atoms, including ring motifs, 1D ribbons and 2D supramolecular framework. Much to our surprise, crystal 4 proves to be a member of few supramolecular salts crystallizing with IO4− anion according to the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD).

A series of ammonium salts were introduced into the self-assembly with the same host 18-crown-6, yielding five supramolecular salts, that is [(C4H6N3)·(18-crown-6)2]+·() (1), [(C6H14N)·(18-crown-6)]+·() (2), [(C6H14N)·(18-crown-6)]+·() (3), [(C6H10N2)·(18-crown-6)]2+·()2 (4) and [(C6H8NO2)·(18-crown-6)]+·[(C7H3N2O6)− ]2 (5). Structural analysis indicates that different kinds of guest amines, ranging from chain-like aliphatic amine, annular aliphatic amine to aromatic amine, have a great impact on host–guest interactions and supramolecular architectures. The major driving force in host–guest systems is found to be the strong N–H…O or/and weak C–H…O hydrogen-bonding interactions, with various ring motifs and interesting substructures such as the butterfly-like trimer in 1 and the rotator–stator assembly in 2–5. By analysing and summing up, we can come to the conclusion that the group in 4 exhibits an optimum value of around 0.755 A from the O-plane and the 18-crown-6 macrocycle displays the minimum distorti...

Ionic supramolecular salts 1 and 2 were prepared by single-proton transfer reactions between 1-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazine and d -/ l -tartaric acid. An interesting feature in the tartrate is the head-to-tail arrangement and very wide range of anionic substructures observed through hydrogen-bonding interactions, including ring motifs, infinite double zigzag chain and three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Thermal analysis revealed that salts 1 and 2 undergo an irreversible phase transition at about 158 °C, which is ascribed to the loss of water molecule. The temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectric constants in 2 suggested a low-frequency thermal fluctuation above 100 °C.

Reactions between proton sponge 2,2′-dipyridylamine and acidic synthons (2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-dinitrobenzoic acid and picronitric acid) afford three proton-transfer supramolecular ammonium salts, (2,4-dinitrobenzoate)⋯(2,2′-dipyridylammonium) (1), (3,4-dinitrobenzoate)⋯(2,2′-dipyridylammonium)⋯(H2O) (2) and (picrate)⋯(2,2′-dipyridylammonium) (3), respectively. During solution crystallization, the proton transfers from the organic acid to the nitrogen atom in the pyridyl ring. It is found that monoprotonated dpaH+ has an asymmetrical intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) N–H+⋯N, which results in the intramolecular S(6) ring. All supramolecular architectures of 1–3 involve extensive classical hydrogen bonds and display a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure. Robust hydrogen bonding interactions generate various intermolecular ring motifs.

The design and synthesis of cyanide-bridged heterometallic molecular assemblies via self-assembly of capped tetracyanometalate [MA(L)(CN)4]n− (MA = FeIII/II, CrIII, L = bidentate ligand, n = 1, 2) and metal ions in the presence or absence of blocking ligands lead to a wide diversity of structures, ranging from di-, tri-, tetra-, hexanuclear compounds, to various one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metal-cyanide architectures. Intensive research in this field resulted in the crystallographic and magnetochemical characterization of these metal-cyanide assemblies. The magnetic properties will be discussed in terms of the magnetic exchange coupling between MA and metal ions. Among these assemblies, ferromagnetically coupled 2,4-ribbon like chains which exhibit slow magnetic relaxation and hysteresis effects are the most appealing single-chain magnets (SCMs).

The unique electronic structures of heteroatomic conjugated polymers (HCPs) offer an attractive platform to tune optoelectronic properties via a supramolecular coordination strategy. This study reports on an sp(2) nitrogen heteroatom containing fluorene-based copolymer namely poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-9,9-dioctyldiazafluoren-2,7-yl) (PF8-co-DAF8), with ≈20% DAF8 units. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of PF8-co-DAF8 via supramolecular coordination with a Lewis acid (B(C6 F5 )3 or AlCl3 ) is explored. Formation of either the PF8-co-DAF8-B(C6 F5 )3 or PF8-co-DAF8-AlCl3 adducts reduces the optical gap and causes an attendant redshift of the photoluminescence spectra. Controlling the degree and strength of the coordination allows the emission color to be tuned from blue through to green and yellow. This strategy is successfully implemented for polymer light-emitting diodes, confirming the large degree of spectral tuning whilst maintaining good device performance. Maximum luminous efficiencies, η ≈ 1.55 cd A(-1) @ 2120 cd m(-2) , 1.32 cd A(-1) @ 1424 cd m(-2) , and 2.56 cd A(-1) @ 910 cd m(-2) are, respectively, recorded for the blue-emitting diodes with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) (x, y) coordinates = (0.16, 0.16), the white-emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.28, 0.38) and the green-emitting diodes with CIE (x, y) = (0.33, 0.52). The results highlight the versatility of the supramolecular coordination strategy in modifying the electronic structure of HCPs.

The crystal structures of the proton-transfer salts of 6-hydroxyquinoline with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1) and 4-nitrobenzoic acid (2) have been determined at room temperature. Their comparative structural features and hydrogen-bonding patterns are described here. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group, while 2 in the triclinic P−1 space group. Unit cell dimensions and contents are: a = 7.6956(15), b = 26.075(5), c = 7.7233(15) A, β = 95.96(3)° for 1; a = 7.7325(15), b = 8.5939(17), c = 12.394(3) A, β = 77.63(3)° for 2. Supramolecular architectures are formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the proton-transfer process. The supramolecular structures are stabilized by N–H···O, O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds between the two components. Extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions give two-dimensional network structures. In addition, π–π stacking interactions exist in the salt 1 due to the aromatic rings. The crystal structures of the proton-transfer salts of 6-hydroxyquinoline with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1) and 4-nitrobenzoic acid (2) have been determined at room temperature. The supramolecular structures are stabilized by N–H···O, O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds between the two components. In addition, π–π stacking interactions exist in the salt 1 due to the aromatic rings.

Cyanide-bridged molecule-based magnetic materials with reduced dimensionality, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and single-chain magnets (SCMs), have attracted great research interest during the last decade. Among the cyanide-based molecular precursors with ample coordinating capability, we note the ability of the dicyanometalate [M A (L)(CN) 2 ] n (M A = Fe III/II , Ru III/II , Os III/II , Co II , Cr III ; n = −1, 0, +1; L = polydentate blocking ligand) to link various metal ions leads to a wide diversity of structural architectures ranging from discrete polynuclear complexes to various one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) assemblies. Some of these are promising cyanide-bridged SMMs, SCMs, switchable molecular materials or chemosensors with good light absorbing properties. The use of blocking tetradentate organic ligands results in a number of polynuclear compounds containing di-, tri-, tetra-, dodecanuclear and multidimensional metal-cyanide architectures. Here we review the structural topologies of these complexes and their related magnetic, spectroscopic properties, highlight typical examples, and point out the main possible directions that remain to be developed in this field. From the crystal engineering point of view, the compounds reviewed here should provide useful information for further design and investigation on this elusive class of dicyanometalte-bearing compounds.

The synthesis and characterization of a cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complex [RuCl(PSiPCy)] containing monoanionic, tridentate coordinating PSiP-pincer ligand [κ3-(2-Cy2PC6H4)2SiMe]− ([PSiPCy]) are reported. Complex 3 is one of the few examples of halogenated ruthenium(II) complexes supported by the pincer-like bis(phosphino)silyl ligand. The structure of complex 3 was unambiguously determined by multinuclear NMR and single crystal X-ray analysis. This compound has also been shown to catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to the corresponding secondary alcohols efficiently with 2-propanol as the hydrogen source instead of using molecular dihydrogen gas or hazardous reducing agents (e.g., NaBH4 and LiAlH4), and tBuOK as the base.

Lv L-Q, Hou L-J, Yu M-K, Ding X-H, Qi X-Q, Lu Y-C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury: a report of 6 cases. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) after severe brain injury is detrimental to the recovery of patients. Pharmacologic management of PSH is difficult and efficacy is unpredictable or incomplete. This report presents 6 cases of PSH after extremely severe traumatic brain injury in which hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) controlled paroxysmal autonomic changes and posturing in the early subacute phase after limited success with conventional medication regimens. Thus, HBOT may present an option for the management of PSH in addition to pharmacologic therapy. Potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed.

The synthesis and characterization of a novel cyclometalated Iridium(III) complex [IrCl(H)(PSiP)] containing monoanionic, tridentate coordinating PSiP-pincer ligands [κ3-(2-tBu2PC6H4)2SiMe]− ([PSiP]) is reported. Complex (3) is one of the few examples of bis(phosphino)silyl(hydrido)iridium(III) complexes structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. This compound has also been shown to catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to the corresponding secondary alcohols moderately with 2-propanol as the hydrogen source instead of using molecular dihydrogen gas or hazardous reducing agents (e.g., NaBH4 and LiAlH4), and tBuOK as the base.

Cyano-bridged molecule-based magnetic materials with reduced dimensionality, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and single-chain magnets (SCMs), have attracted great research interest during the last decade. Among the cyano-based molecular precursors with ample coordinating capability, we note the ability of the tricyanometalate to link various metal ions lead to a wide diversity of structural architectures ranging from discrete polynuclear complexes to various one-dimensional (1D) assemblies. Some of them are promising cyano-bridged SMMs and SCMs. The use of capping tridentate organic ligands results in a number of clusters containing di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, octa-, fourteen-nuclear and various 1D metal-cyanide molecular architectures. Here we review the structural topologies of these complexes and their related magnetic properties, highlight typical examples, and point out the main possible directions that remain to be developed in this field. From the crystal engineering point of view, the compounds reviewed here should provide useful information for further design and investigation on this elusive class of cyano-bridged SMMs and SCMs.

By using a pre-designed anionic precursor [TpFeIII(CN)3]− (Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) as a structural building block, a new cyanide-bridged one-dimensional heterobimetallic coordination polymer, [(Tp)2Fe 2 III (CN)6Zn·2H2O] n (I) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, Mossbauer and magnetic experiments. Complex I crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group with a = 14.4094(8) A, b = 18.3003(10) A, c = 12.9855(7) A and consists of rhombic chains, in which the [TpFeIII(CN)3]− unit acts as a bridging bidentate ligand toward two Zn2+ atoms through two of its three cyanide groups. [(Tp)2Fe 2 III (CN)6Zn·2H2O] n (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group and consists of rhombic chains, in which the [TpFeIII(CN)3]− unit acts as a bridging bidentate ligand toward two Zn2+ atoms through two of its three cyanide groups.

To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies and surgical techniques of hemangioblastoma (HB) in medulla oblongata.The clinical and radiological characteristics, therapeutic processes and outcomes of 12 HB cases treated at our department from 2002 to 2012 were studied by retrospective analysis.Headache, somatic numbness and limb muscle weakness were the major symptoms of oblongata HB. Magnetic resonance imaging before surgery revealed a total of 12 single tumors. Among these tumors, upper (n = 1), middle (n = 7) and lower (n = 4) parts of medulla oblongata were involved. The locations were surface (n = 9) and intramedullary (n = 3). Three tumors had cyst. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed on 5 cases and it revealed that the main blood supply arteries of tumors were branches of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA).One case underwent pre-surgical embolism during angiography. Eleven tumors were totally resected and 1 was fulgurized.Symptoms improved (n = 8) and worsened (n = 2). And two patients died. All survivors were followed up for 3 months to 10 years and had a McCormick functional grading of I-II.One case relapsed 7 year later.For Cystic HB, small or medium sized substantial HB in middle and lower part of oblongata, surgical removal is often safe and symptoms may be lessened.It can be used as a first-line treatment. For large ( ≥ 3 cm) substantial HB or HB in upper part of oblongata, serious postoperative complications such as respiratory failure, neurogenic pulmonary edema or acute obstructive hydrocephalus may occur. Thus surgical resection should be prudently considered and possible consequences thoroughly discussed with the patients.

Ectopic pituitary adenoma with an empty sella is extremely rare. We report an unusual patient with an ectopic growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid sinus with an empty sella. The association is related to a development disorder of the anterior pituitary tissues. Tumor in the sphenoid sinus was completely removed by endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. During the follow-up, the patient met the criteria for endocrinological cure.

To investigate the microsurgical strategies of glioma located in lateral fissure area.The clinical data of 123 patients with glioma located in lateral fissure area confirmed by pathology, 76 males and 47 females, aged 46.2 (4-75), were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal surgical approach and comprehensive therapeutic strategies were selected according to the imaging features and pathological properties of tumors. Resections were performed by the pterion approach in all cases to remove the tumors, navigational orientation was used in 17 cases, and supervision by B mode ultrasonography was used in 12 cases. The branches of middle cerebral artery and fissure vein were protected carefully. The patients with tumors above grade U, confirmed pathologically after resection, underwent chemotherapy ( teniposide + semustine or temozolomide) and radiotherapy that was designated individually according to the pathological grade and distribution of the tumors. Follow-up was conducted by telephone, mail or outpatient department visit on 102 of the 133 patients (82.9%).82 patients (66.7%) underwent total resection, 18 (14.6%) underwent subtotal resection, 16 (13.0%) underwent major resection, and 7 (5.7%) underwent partial resection. Postoperatively cerebral vasospasm in 8 cases, brief aphasia and reaction clumsily in 4 cases, muscle strength decline in 3 cases, and epilepsy in 1 case, these patients were submitted to symptomatic treatment with progressive improvement of the above-mentioned signs and symptoms. One patient died of malignant intracranial hypertension. The follow-up showed that 97 patients survived over 1 year, the 5-year survival rate was 25.6%, and the average survival time was 21.7 months.The lateral fissure area glioma can be treated through proficient microsurgical technique after the anatomic training. It is the key in the surgery on the lateral fissure glioma to protect the main branches of middle cerebral artery, trunk of middle cerebral vein, and important brain functional areas.

A 26-year-old female presented with severe lumbodorsal pain and hypesthesia in the right lower extremity. MRI of the spine revealed multiple lesions from L1 to S5; the largest was located at the conus medullaris. Diagnostic exploration revealed caseous, ivory-colored granulation tissue adhered to the conus medullaris and cauda eguina. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological staining were consistent with sparganum infection. Our case report is unique because presentation was with lumbar radiculopathy instead of functional disorders of urination and defecation, atypical presentation for a conus medullaris lesion. Parasitic infection of the spinal cord with sparganosis should be considered when presentation is with signs and symptoms of spinal cord dysfunction of insidious onset.

To screen differentially expressed genes in the development of human glioma and establish molecular classification of glioma preliminary based on gene expression using cDNA microarray.Brain specimens were obtained from 18 patients with glioma, 10 males and 8 females, aged 14 approximately 62 with an average age of 44.4. The total RNAs of these glioma specimens and 2 specimens of donated brain of normal adults were extracted. BioStarH140S microarray (including 8347 old genes and 5592 novel genes) were adopted and hybridized with probes which were prepared from the total RNAs. Differentially expressed genes between the normal tissues and glioma tissues were assayed after scanning cDNA microarray with ScanArray 4000. Northern hybridization, and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to identify the functions of novel genes. Those differentially expressed genes were studied with Hierarchical method and molecular classification of glioma was preliminarily carried out.Among the 13 939 target genes, there were 1200 (8.61%) differentially expressed genes and 395 (2.83%) novel genes. 348 genes were up-regulated and 852 genes were down-regulated in glioma. The results of bioinformatical analysis, Northern hybridization and ISH revealed that those novel genes were highly associated with glioma. There were multiple genes which were relevance to classification by Hierarchical method, such as MAP gene, cytoskeleton and matrix motility genes, etc. Molecular classification of glioma with Hierarchical cluster was in accordance with pathology and revealed internal essence in tumorigenesis and development.Multiple genes play important roles in development of glioma. cDNA microarray technology is a powerful technique in screening for differentially expressed genes between two different kinds of tissues.

To observe the effects of ganglioside GM1 on reduction of brain edema and amelioration of cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI).An acute experimental closed TBI model in rats was induced by a fluid-percussion brain injury model. At five and sixty minutes after TBI, the animals were intraperitoneally injected by ganglioside GM1 (30 mg/kg) or the same volume of saline. At the 6th hour after TBI, effects of ganglioside GM1 or saline on changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), contents of water, lactic acid (LA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the injured cerebral tissues were observed.After TBI, MAP decreased and contents of water, LA and LPO increased in brain injury group; however, MAP was back to normal levels and contents of water, LA and LPO decreased in ganglioside GM1 treated group, compared with those in brain injury group (P0.05). No significant difference between the saline treated group and the brain injury group (P0.05) was observed.Ganglioside GM1 does have obvious neuroprotective effect on early TBI.

In the title compound, [Cr(2)Ni(C(16)H(14)N(2)O(2))(2)(CN)(4)(C(10)H(24)N(4))]·2CH(3)OH, each [Cr(salen)(CN)(2)] unit {salen is 2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolate} acts as a monodentate ligand through one of its two cyanide groups N bound to a central [Ni(cyclam)](2+) core (cyclam is 1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclo-tetra-deca-ne). Each Cr(III) ion is coordinated by two N and two O atoms from a salen ligand situated in the equatorial plane with two trans cyanide C atoms, yielding a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry. The Ni(II) atom lies on an inversion center and is octa-hedrally coordinated by a cyclam ligand lying in the equatorial plane and by two cyanide N atoms. The asymmetric unit contains one half of the complex mol-ecule and a methanol solvent mol-ecule. In the crystal structure, the complex mol-ecule is linked to the methanol solvent mol-ecules via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Individual complex mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along b.

Three hydrogen-bonding three-dimensional (3D) networks of ammonium carboxylate salts formed between 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and aminomethyl pyridine (2-, 3-, 4-) are described here. During solution crystallization, the hydrogen atom transfers from the carboxylic acid to the amine to yield ammonium carboxylate salts, which feature three charge-separated N+–H⋯O− hydrogen bonds to afford two types of one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen-bonding columns. Of the three structures, ((2-pyridylmethyl)ammonium) (3,5-dinitrobenzoate) (1) shows a hydrogen-bonding column which consists of alternating R12(4) and R24(8) rings whereas ((3-pyridylmethyl)ammonium) (3,5-dinitrobenzoate) (2) results in a hydrogen-bonding column which comprises repeating R34(10) rings. ((4-pyridylmethyl)ammonium) (3,5-dinitrobenzoate) (3) bears a unique shape of Chinese knot among four cations instead of the column constructed by rings. From this we can gather information about the possible position effects of functional groups on the overall packing.

The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C(7)H(6)N(2)·C(7)H(4)N(2)O(6), contains two formula units of both components. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional wave-like network. π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.702 (2), 3.660 (2)and 3.671 (2) Å] stabilize the crystal packing.

In the title compound, [Zn(2,2',2''-tpa)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (2,2',2''-tpa is 2,2',2''-tripyridylamine, C(15)H(12)N(4)), the Zn center lies on a twofold axis and is coordinated octa-hedrally by two water mol-ecules and two bidentate 2,2',2''-tpa ligands. The perchlorate anions are linked to the coordinated water mol-ecules in the complex cations via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.