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To examine the prevalence and health correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among adults living in Guangdong province of China with a large population and rapid urbanization.The Guangdong Sleep and Psychosomatic Health Survey was conducted from September to November in 2019, which was a population-based study with a representative sample of adults aged 18-85 years. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used. A total of 13,768 inhabitants were included and face-to-face interviewed using standardized assessment tools. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively.The weighted prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were 8.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0%-9.3%) and 6.0% (95%CI, 5.4%-6.5%) respectively. People who have never married, irregular diet rhythm, hardly exercise, poorer sleep, alcohol consumption, chronic diseases and being unemployment and retirement were more likely to suffer depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in those suffering from cardiovascular disease (Odds ratio[OR]:3.89, 95%CI: 1.77-8.54), chronic nephrosis (OR:3.89, 95%CI: 1.52-9.94), hyperlipidemia (OR:2.68, 95%CI: 1.57-4.59), anemia (OR:1.96, 95%CI: 1.33-2.89) and arthritis (OR:1.93, 95%CI: 1.17-3.16). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was evidently greater within patients with cardiovascular disease (OR:3.15, 95%CI: 1.39-7.14), chronic nephrosis (OR: 2.89, 95%CI: 1.22-6.83), hyperlipidemia (OR:2.27, 95%CI: 1.20-4.29) and diabetes (OR:1.99, 95%CI: 1.15-3.44).Depressive and anxiety symptoms are commonly found in patients with chronic diseases. Given these adverse outcomes on health, health professionals should pay more attention to depressive and anxiety problems in health care for high-risk population.

Rapid spread and growth of plants that are poisonous to animals produce large amounts of plant litter in degraded grasslands. Nitrogen (N) input may promote the growth of these poisonous plants and alter the rhizosphere microbes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in particular. However, it is unclear how poisonous plant litter affects the growth of palatable plants and their associated AMF in the rhizosphere and whether and how N deposition may mediate these effects. A greenhouse experiment was performed to test the combined effects of litter addition of a poisonous plant, Stellera chamaejasme, and N addition on the growth of a dominant grass, Leymus chinensis, AMF characteristics and soil properties. Litter addition significantly increased the ramet number and aboveground biomass of L. chinensis and soil available phosphorus (AP) concentration and decreased the spore density of AMF. However, the interaction of both treatments had no significant effects on traits of L. chinensis and AMF properties. Stellera chamaejasme litter positively affected L. chinensis by increasing AP and negatively affected AMF by combining balanced changes in soil nutrients and litter-induced allelopathic compositions. High N addition may alleviate soil N limitation and inhibit litter decomposition, thus overriding the litter’s effects on L. chinensis and AMF. These findings imply that it is necessary to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the ecological functions of poisonous plants beyond their harmful effects on livestock. Simultaneously, N deposition should be an indispensable factor in predicting the relationships between poisonous plants and edible plants in degraded grasslands.

Background Local immunoglobulin hyperproduction is observed in nasal polyps (NPs) with and without ectopic lymphoid tissues (eLTs). Objective Our aim was to identify the T-cell subsets involved in local immunoglobulin production independent of eLTs in NPs. Methods The localization, abundance, and phenotype of CD4+ T-cell subsets were studied by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Purified nasal T-cell subsets were cultured with autologous peripheral naive B cells to explore their function. Programmed death ligand 1 and programmed death ligand 2 expression in NPs was investigated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results Accumulation of PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells outside lymphoid aggregates was found in NPs. Nasal PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells were characterized by a unique phenotype that was related to B-cell help and tissue residency and distinct from PD-1–/intCXCR5– and CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells in NPs as well as PD-1highCXCR5highCD4+ follicular helper T cells in tonsils. Compared with the frequencies of PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells and their IFN-γ+, IL-17A+, and IL-21+ subsets in the control inferior turbinate tissues, the frequencies of these cells and their subsets were increased in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs, whereas the frequencies of the IL-4+ and IL-4+IL-21+ subsets were increased only in eosinophilic NPs. Nasal PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells induced immunoglobulin production from B cells in a potency comparable to that induced by tonsillar follicular helper T cells. PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T-cell frequencies were correlated with IgE levels in eosinophilic NPs. PD-L1 and PD-L2 suppressed the function of PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells, and their levels were reduced in NPs. PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T-cell abundance was associated with the postsurgical relapse of NPs. Conclusion PD-1highCXCR5–CD4+ T cells participate in local immunoglobulin production independent of eLTs in NPs.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) had neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic (DA) neurons. In order to overcome the gastrointestinal digestion and bioaccessibility, VEGF was encapsulated with poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanospheres (NS) in order to prevent the VEGF degradation until its release. The caudal administration of VEGF and NS encapsulated VEGF at different doses (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 ng/ml) on the rats with Parkinson's disease lesion was evaluated. Intravenous injected VEGF at the dose of 1 ng/ml displayed the strongest neuroprotective effect than other groups as well as the stereotaxic group. The NS encapsulated with VEGF can pass through blood-brain barrier and protect the DA neurons. There was no significant difference between intravenous injection method and stereotaxic method, while the first method is simpler and convenient. Injection of NS encapsulated with VEGF may become a valuable neurorescuing therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular response to the challenge by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, an in vitro cell model for Parkinson’s disease, and the effect of NF-κB activation on the protection of Parkinson’s disease by Isoflavone (I). Methods: PC12 cells were used to establish the cell model of Parkinson’s disease, and are divided into five groups: control group; MPP+ group; I (Isoflavone) + MPP+ group; I group; SN-50 + MPP+ group. The content of NF-κB in PC12 cells was determined by immunocytochemistry; The viability of PC12 cells after treated with cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor SN-50 and cell viability were measured by MTT assay; the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nuclear fractions were evaluated by western blot analysis; the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: Compared with the control group, the protein of NF-κB p65 both in cytoplasm and in nuclei was significantly higher than in I + MPP+ and MPP+ groups; similarly, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly higher; moreover, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I group (P + group, the protein of NF-κB p65 was significantly lower in I + MPP+ group, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly lower, and the protein expression level of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I + MPP+ group (P + group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB activation is essential to MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells; but Isoflavone can inhibit the cell damage to some extent to execute its protective function, which may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Twelve novel aminoalkyl derivatives 3a-3f, 4a-4f and four novel amino acid derivatives 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b of polymethoxyflavones 1 and 2 were synthesized through regioselective demethylation, etherification, amination, EDCl-mediated amide condensation and alkaline hydrolysis, using tangeretin and nobiletin as starting materials. Their antiproliferative activities against four different human cancer cell lines (Aspc-1, SUN5, HepG-2 and HCT116) were evaluated by in vitro CCK-8 assay. The results show that the majority of the synthetic compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activity. In particular, the antiproliferative activity of compound 5b against HepG-2 cells (IC50 0.057 μM) was equal to the positive control drug Staurosporine (IC50 0.0575 μM).

Cu-chlorophyllin-bonded carbon dots (CCPh-CDs) have been synthesized at room temperature, and the energy/electron co-transfer behavior between Cu-chlorophyllin molecules (CCPh) and carbon dots (CDs) is investigated via various techniques. The mean diameters of CDs and CCPh-CDs are 2.8 nm and 3.1 nm, respectively, measured by HRTEM. The absorption spectra of CCPh-CDs show two parts: the absorptions of CDs and CCPh are in the wavelength range of 300–500 nm. The PL spectra of CCPh-CDs exhibit very weak intensities, and with the decreasing of CCPh content on CDs, the corresponding intensity increases. Luminescent decay spectra show that the PL decay times of CCPh and CCPh-CDs with the highest CCPh content are single-exponentially fitted to be 3.20 ns and 12.64 ns, respectively. Furthermore, based on the electron transfer and reducibility of CCPh-CDs, Ag/Ag2O nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 10 nm can be easily prepared at room temperature under ultraviolet irradiation. The PL measurement result reveals that both electron transfer and FRET behavior take place from CCPh-CDs to Ag.

It is a limitation for rapid development of microelectronics manufacturing industry to hardly overcome the acceleration limitation of macro–micro motion platform. The paper presents an extended ultra-high acceleration macro–micro motion platform to investigate breakthrough of acceleration limitation with driving modes “macro + micro + macro” (MMM). In the proposed platform, the number of the pair of VCMs was defined as n. Under ultra-high acceleration, floating stator stage is suggested to isolate the vibration and obtain superior performance of the platform. Its theoretical analyses including natural frequency analysis, transient response analysis and frequency response analysis are performed to verify vibration isolation of floating stator stage applied in the extended ultra-high acceleration macro–micro motion platform. The change trends and sensitivities of related objective functions incorporating vibration transmissibility, settling time and the maximum stroke of stator’s motion are explored with their related parameters, and their multi-objective optimization designs are carried out to achieve superior performances of different extended platforms. Moreover, one case is performed when n = 1. Its theoretical analyses, change trends and sensitivities are investigated. The superior performance of the platform is obtained to realize vibration isolation by multi-objective optimization. And its experiment of vibration isolation is also testified finally. The results provide a theoretical and technical basis on microelectronics manufacturing equipment upgrading and manufacturing rapid development.

Dehydrogenation of formic acid to yield molecular H2 is a sustainable and promising route in hydrogen energy supply. Rational design of high-performance catalytic system for it remains a challenging task. Herein, CoPd nanoparticles supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CoPd/CTF) were fabricated for the first time. The prepared Co5Pd5/CTF-600 catalyst exhibited 100% H2 selectivity and excellent catalytic activity (TOF = 2129 h−1, nPd/nHCOOH = 0.007) toward the dehydrogenation of formic acid at 50 °C. Our study further demonstrated that not only the synergetic effect between CoPd nanoparticles and nitrogen-rich CTF support, but also the ultrafine sizes of CoPd play a key role for the efficient catalytic dehydrogenation from formic acid. This work provides a feasible strategy to design high-performance CTF-based heterogeneous catalyst for catalyzing different reactions.

EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon-dots (EDTA–C-dots) were prepared from carbon dot precursors and complexed with Eu3+ to give Eu3+-coordinated EDTA-bonded multi-connected carbon dots (Eu–EDTA–C-dots). Whereas EDTA–C-dots were readily soluble in DMSO, Eu–EDTA–C-dots could not be easily dissolved in DMSO, water, or other common organic solvents. The newly prepared materials were thoroughly characterized. The X-ray diffraction results showed that no crystalline phase of Eu oxides (europium oxide or europium hydroxide) could be observed in Eu–EDTA–C-dots. The infrared and UV-Vis spectra showed that coordination with Eu3+ ions did not damage the structure of the EDTA–C-dots. It was found that EDTA could be easily grafted on the surface of carbon dots and EDTA had minimal influence on the photoluminescence of the carbon dot matrix. In contrast, the existence of Eu3+ ions strongly quenched the photoluminescence of Eu–EDTA–C-dots. The measured and fitted decay lifetime indicated that Eu–EDTA–C-dots possessed two photoluminescence decay processes, i.e., radiative recombination and non-radiative recombination.

Local immunoglobulin hyperproduction is observed in nasal polyps (NPs) with and without ectopic lymphoid tissues (eLTs).Our aim was to identify the T-cell subsets involved in local immunoglobulin production independent of eLTs in NPs.The localization, abundance, and phenotype of CD4Accumulation of PD-1PD-1

PURPOSE The pathogenic mechanisms of antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammatory patterns and tissue remodeling features in ACPs. METHODS Inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue edema severity as well as fibrin deposition in ACPs and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps (NPs) were studied with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Cytokine levels in sinonasal tissues were detected with the Bio-Plex assay. The expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic markers was measured using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Compared to control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs, ACPs had higher levels of neutrophil infiltration and expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ. In total, 94.4% of ACPs demonstrated an eosinophil cationic protein/MPO ratio of < 1, compared to 79.0% of noneosinophilic and 26% of eosinophilic NPs. Principle component and multiple correspondence analyses revealed a neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation pattern in ACPs. Compared to control tissues, edema scores and fibrin deposition were increased, whereas d-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels were decreased in ACPs and bilateral NPs, with more prominent changes in ACPs even than in eosinophilic NPs. The tPA levels were negatively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-8, and MPO levels in ACPs. Neutrophils were the major cellular source of IFN-γ in ACPs, and the number of IFN-γ+ neutrophils was elevated in ACPs than in control tissues and bilateral eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs. CONCLUSIONS ACPs are characterized by the neutrophilic and type 1 inflammation endotype. Neutrophil-derived IFN-γ is associated with reduced tPA production in ACPs.

Numerical simulation of fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing is performed based on the extended finite element method. The influences of existing natural fractures and beddings on the formation of fracture network are focused. It is shown that the hydraulic fracture network in the case of random distribution for natural fracture is more conducive to form than that in the case of the regular distribution, which indicates that the random arrangement of existing natural fractures is helpful for forming highly communicated and complicated fracture network. However, the randomly distributed natural fractures often cause fracture reorientation and a sudden drop of the fracture aperture of the new branch, which leads to an increasing proportion of ineffective fractures in the formed fracture networks due to that fracture apertures in the new branches may be too narrow to send the proppant inside. For the existing beddings in the stratified rock, the bedding feature and distribution have the important influences upon the hydraulic fracture propagation. Numerical results show that the hydraulic fracture would be more easily to swerve again and form complex network under the condition of the smaller distance and larger bond strength between beddings.

Background: Sleep is vital for maintaining individual’s physical and mental health. Prior studies have reported close relationships between sleep duration and chronic diseases. However, in China, the prevalence of aberrant sleep duration and the associations between sleep duration and chronic conditions still merit studying in Guangdong province. This study aimed at examining the relationship between sleep duration and multiple dimensions of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health and chronic diseases in Guangdong province in China, with a large population-based data of individuals aged from 18 to 85 years old.Methods: This study aimed at analyzing the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population in Guangdong province. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was applied for this study. 13,768 participants from Guangdong province were interviewed with standardized assessment tools, including Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Basic socio-demographic information, mental health and chronic diseases information were collected. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as three types: short (Results: The mean sleep duration was 6.75±1.11h. Short sleepers had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, including anemia (6.2%, p=0.024), gout (2.8%, p=0.010), hyperlipidemia (3.9%, p=0.003) and low back pain (5.6%, p=0.020) than other types of sleeper. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that short sleepers were more likely to have low income level, have depressive symptoms, be ex- or current drinkers and be overweight. Anemia, hyperlipidemia and low back pain were all risk factors for short sleep, while malignant tumor was risky for long sleep. Conclusions: Low income level, drinking status, being overweight, and chronic conditions may be associated with aberrant sleep duration in Guangdong province general population. Short sleepers have a higher risk of suffering from anemia, hyperlipidemia, and low back pain, while long sleepers are more likely to have malignant tumor. Health professionals should value the sleep patterns in general health care and attach importance to conduct further epidemiologic surveys to explore the relationship between sleep duration and health.

Objective. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are prototypically migratory cells immigrating from the dorsal neural tube to specific embryonic sites where they generate a variety of cell types. A lot of biomarkers for NCSCs have been identified. However, which biomarkers are the most specific is still unclear.Methods. The rat embryos harvested in embryonic day 9 (E9), E9.5, E10, E10.5, E11, E12, E13, and E14 were paraffin-embedded and sectioned in transverse. NCSCs were spatiotemporally demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10. NCSCs were isolated, cultured, and stained with RET, p75NTR, Pax7, and Sox10.Results. In the paraffin sections of rat embryos, the immunohistochemical staining of RET, p75NTR, and Sox10 can all be used in demonstrating NCSCs. Sox10 was positive mainly in NCSCs while RET and p75NTR were positive not only in NCSCs but also in other tissue cells. In primary culture cells, Sox10 was mainly in the nucleus of NCSCs, RET was mainly in the membrane, and p75NTR was positive in cytoplasm and membrane.Conclusions. Sox10 is the specific marker for immunohistochemical staining of NCSCs in paraffin sections. In cultured cells, Sox10, p75NTR, and RET presented a similar staining effect.

Background Sleep is vital for maintaining individual’s physical and mental health. Prior studies have reported close relationships between sleep duration and chronic diseases. However, in China, the prevalence of aberrant sleep duration and the associations between sleep duration and chronic conditions still merit studying in Guangdong province. This study aimed at examining the relationship between sleep duration and multiple dimensions of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health and chronic diseases in Guangdong province in China, with a large population-based data of individuals aged from 18 to 85 years old. Methods This study aimed at analyzing the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the population in Guangdong province. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was applied for this study. 13,768 participants from Guangdong province were interviewed with standardized assessment tools, including Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Basic socio-demographic information, mental health and chronic diseases information were collected. Self-reported sleep duration was classified as three types: short ( Results The mean sleep duration was 6.75 ± 1.11 h. Short sleepers had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, including anemia (6.2%, p = 0.024), gout (2.8%, p = 0.010), hyperlipidemia (3.9%, p = 0.003) and low back pain (5.6%, p = 0.020) than other types of sleeper. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that short sleepers were more likely to have low income level, have depressive symptoms, be ex- or current drinkers and be overweight. Anemia, hyperlipidemia and low back pain were all risk factors for short sleep, while malignant tumor was risky for long sleep. Conclusions Low income level, drinking status, being overweight, and chronic conditions may be associated with aberrant sleep duration in Guangdong province general population. Short sleepers have a higher risk of suffering from anemia, hyperlipidemia, and low back pain, while long sleepers are more likely to have malignant tumor. Health professionals should value the sleep patterns in general health care and attach importance to conduct further epidemiologic surveys to explore the relationship between sleep duration and health.

Docynia indica is used as a plant resource for both medicine and food in minority areas of southwestern China and Southeast of Asia, especially Docynia indica leaves, which are often used as a kind of functional tea in daily life. In our previous research, it has found that D. indica is rich in polyphenols (mainly phlorizin (PHZ)). Although PHZ is the first polyphenolic competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) to be discovered, the promotion and application of PHZ are limited due to its extremely low bioavailability. As a kind of aglycons, phloretin (PHT) possesses a better bioavailability and bioactivity than PHZ. Therefore, the conversion of PHZ to PHT in D. indica leaves by the method of biotransformation can be applied to solve the above issue. In this study, Aspergillus niger and Eurotium cristatum were used to transform PHZ to PHT in D. indica. Compared with Aspergillus niger, Eurotium cristatum can cause the equimolar conversion of PHZ to PHT. However, Aspergillus niger resulted in the complete degradation of PHZ. In the process of deep fermentation, PHZ in D. indica leaves was gradually biotransformed into PHT, and its content was as high as ~ 12% after fermentation. With the increase of PHT content, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Docynia indica leaves increased. By the acute toxicity evaluation, it was confirmed that Docynia indica leaves and Eurotium cristatum fermented leaves were much safer. These results indicate that Eurotium cristatum fermentation has the ability to transform the functional compounds in Docynia indica leaves and increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Docynia indica, thus making it a substitute for PHT and functional tea.

Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) is a traditionally edible fruit that is good for treatment of biliary diseases, bronchitis, etc. It has obvious anti‐inflammatory activity, but few studies focus on its anti‐inflammatory active substance basis. The purpose of this study was to explore the material basis of anti‐inflammatory activity of P. emblica, purify, and identify anti‐inflammatory active monomers. Fisetin and gallic acid, which were identified after separation from ethanol extract components of P. emblica, exhibited the best anti‐inflammatory effects, markedly inhibiting nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine levels in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. In particular, fisetin with significant anti‐inflammatory activity was firstly identified from P. emblica. For the first time, our research systematically revealed the material basis of the anti‐inflammatory effects of P. emblica from the perspective of the composition of the bioactive substances and provided scientific research methods and ideas for researching bioactive monomers in other plant extracts., Anti‐inflammatory active monomers from Phyllanthus emblica were purified and identified. Fisetin was firstly identified from Phyllanthus emblica. Fisetin and gallic acid seem to be at least particially responsible for anti‐inflammatory effect of Phyllanthus emblica.

This paper presents a novel generalized finite difference method that can achieve arbitrary order of accuracy on a compact stencil nodal set. Accurate reconstruction and flux evaluation are two key steps to achieve high order spatial accuracy. A newly developed variational reconstruction approach is utilized to obtain the piecewise higher order polynomial distribution of flow variables. The implementation of boundary conditions is of critical importance and a flexible variational extrapolation technique is proposed for the high order boundary treatment. The numerical flux derivatives are evaluated using a simple and efficient hybrid approach, in which the linear and high order terms of the flux function are treated differently. Several test cases are solved to verify the accuracy, efficiency, and shock capturing capability of the proposed numerical schemes for inviscid compressible flows.