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【Background and objective】 Hydrological process is a complex phenomenon and affected by many biological and physical processes. Its modelling in water resource management and decision-making in watershed or catchment is often based on conceptual models where the complicated processes that directly or indirectly modulate water flow in different components are highly simplified. Such models are mathematically simple and have been widely used in both practical and scientific communities. Different conceptual hydrological models are available, but how they compare with each other for simulating hydrological processes in watersheds is not well studied. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. 【Method】 We compared 45 conceptual hydrological models for their application in the Lijiang River Basin. For each model, we simulated daily runoff in the basin from 2008 to 2016 using the same dataset, and compared and analyzed their performance in terms of model structure, calculated evapotranspiration and runoff, from which we identified main factors which affect model applicability and accuracy most. 【Result】 MODHYDROLOG was the model that worked best for simulating hydrological flow in the basin, followed by GR4J, IHACRES and Hillslope models. Model which was least accurate for simulating runoff did not work well for modelling real evapotranspiration and other runoff components neither. An accurate evapotranspiration calculation was not decisive for accurate runoff simulation, and dividing the runoff into different components was the key factor in applicability and accuracy of the models. We also found that the generalized semi-distributed model not only simplified the operation process of the model, but also affected the simulation accuracy. 【Conclusion】 Among the 45 conceptual models we compared, MODHYDROLOG, GR4J, IHACRES and Hillslope models worked best for simulating hydrological processes in the Lijiang River Basin and similar basins.

The zinc anode mainly faces technical problems such as short circuits caused by the growth of dendrite, low coulomb efficiency, and a short cycle life caused by side reactions, which impedes the rapid development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a common ionic liquid, 1,1-Spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ([SBP]BF4), is selected as a new additive for pure ZnSO4 electrolyte. It is found that this additive could regulate the solvation sheath of hydrated Zn2+ ions, promote the ionic mobility of Zn2+, homogenize the flux of Zn2+, avoid side reactions between the electrolyte and electrode, and inhibit the production of zinc dendrites by facilitating the establishment of an inorganic solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the 1% [SBP]BF4-modified electrolyte, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers an extended plating/stripping cycling life of 2000 h at 1 mA cm−2, which is much higher than that of the cell without additives (330 h). As a proof of concept, the Zn‖V2O5 battery using the [SBP]BF4 additive shows excellent cycling stability, maintaining its specific capacity at 97 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1, which is much greater than the 46 mAh g−1 capacity of the non-additive battery. This study offers zinc anode stabilization through high-efficiency electrolyte engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A linear hydrodynamic pressure polishing method was proposed based on the principle of hydrodynamic lubrication. Effects of polishing roller structures and processing parameters on the size and distribution uniformity of hydrodynamic pressure were studied by CFD numerical simulations. Results show that polishing roller with rectangular micro-structure will generate larger and more uniform hydrodynamic pressures on the workpiece surfaces. The larger diameter polishing roller get higher rotational speed and smaller polishing gap may obtain larger hydrodynamic pressures. At the same time, the uniformity of hydrodynamic pressure distribution will be worse. Finally, experimental plat form was built and polishing experiments were carried out. Surface roughness value Ra of K9 glass is reduced from 45.41 nm to 0.91 nm after linear hydrodynamic pressure polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors are complex systemic chronic diseases and one of the major causes of human mortality. Targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are examples of mainstream allopathic medicine treatments that effective for intermediate and advanced malignant tumors. The ongoing use of conventional allopathic medicine has resulted in adverse responses and drug resistance, which have hampered its efficacy. As an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, Chinese medicine has been found to have antitumor effects and has played an important role in enhancing the therapeutic sensitivity of mainstream allopathic medicine, reducing the incidence of adverse events and improving immune-related functions. The combined application of adjuvant Chinese medicine and mainstream allopathic medicine has begun to gain acceptance and is gradually used in the field of antitumor therapy. Traditional natural medicines and their active ingredients, as well as Chinese patent medicines, have been proven to have excellent therapeutic efficacy and good safety in the treatment of various malignant tumors. This paper focuses on the mechanism of action and research progress of combining the above drugs with mainstream allopathic medicine to increase therapeutic sensitivity, alleviate drug resistance, reduce adverse reactions, and improve the body's immune function. To encourage the clinical development and use of Chinese herb adjuvant therapy as well as to provide ideas and information for creating safer and more effective anticancer medication combinations, the significant functions of Chinese herb therapies as adjuvant therapies for cancer treatment are described in detail., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ni, Xue, Wang, Zhou, Wang, Wang, Liu, Ye and Jiang.)

Nonequilibrium magnetic properties of oxygen-rich LaMnO 3.21 nanoparticles have been investigated by comprehensive magnetic measurements. The composition falls in the metamagnetic canted spin region of the magnetic phase diagram. However, the zero-field-cooling memory effect and frequency-dependent AC susceptibility reveal a re-entrant glassy state at low temperature. In contrast to the super-spin glass or cluster glass that re-enter from the high-temperature ferromagnetic state in previous studies, analyses based on the power law and Vogel-Fulcher law indicate strongly a conventional spin glass nature. As the magnetic field increases, an anomalous enhancement of the irreversible temperature is observed, suggesting a field-induced nonequilibrium magnetic state. These results can be understood by considering the interaction between the antiferromagnetic clusters and the metamagnetic canted-spin matrix inside the nanoparticles.