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13. Simulation and Optimal Scheduling of Water Quality in Urban and Rural Water Supply Systems: A Case Study in the Northwest Arid Region of China.

Author

Zhang, Youjia, Hu, Tao, Xue, Hongqin, and Liu, Xiaodong

Subjects
RURAL water supply, MUNICIPAL water supply, WATER rights, ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, WATER supply, WATER shortages
Abstract

The Northwest Arid Region faces the most serious resource-based water shortage in China, with challenges from engineering-, structural- and management-based water shortages. This water scarcity critically limits the socio-economic development of the region. Rational allocation of scarce water resources to achieve sustainable development of the ecological environment and economy has become a key issue in water resources research in the Northwest Arid Region. South-Central Ningxia, part of the Northwest Arid Region, exemplifies these challenges. This paper examines the urban and rural water supply projects in South-Central Ningxia. The current scheduling scheme focuses primarily on the distribution of water demand, with inadequate attention paid to water-quality requirements. Localized exceedances of water-quality standards indicate the existing scheduling scheme has failed to effectively control water-quality issues while ensuring water quantity. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the impact of the South-Central Ningxia Water Supply Project on water quality alongside field surveys and data analysis and propose an optimized scheduling scheme that addresses both water quantity and quality needs. The main findings are as follows: 1. Overall water quality is good, except for consistently high total nitrogen levels. 2. The optimized scheme significantly reduced total nitrogen levels, achieving a maximum reduction rate of 78.81%, and met all Class III standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Adsorption of Nickel(II) with Composite Filter Material Made of Coal Fly Ash

Author

Xue Hongqin, Zheng Wang, Lin Shaohua, and Zhaoqian Jing

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Arrhenius equation, Materials science, Aqueous solution, chemistry.chemical_element, Langmuir adsorption model, Mineralogy, Nickel, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Fly ash, medicine, symbols, Carbon, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

The regular methods for nickel removal such as activated carbon adsorption are always complicated in process and expensive in construction and maintenance. In this research coal fly ash, usually taken as industrial waste, was synthesized into particle filter material, and then the latter was used as absorbent for nickel removal from aqueous water. The physical and chemical properties of this material were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Results indicated that this material had high porosity and large surface area. The main elements of this material were oxygen, silicon, carbon, aluminum, iron, calcium and magnesium. In the batch experiments for the application of this filter material in nickel removal, the effects of contact time, pH and temperature were studied. The batch experiments showed an equilibrium time of 90 min was required for effective adsorption of nickel. Removal ratio of nickel increased greatly at pH 5.5-6.5. More than 90% of nickel was removed with solution pH above 6.5. Adsorption rate constant (k) increased as temperature (T) rose. The equation describing the relation of k and T complied to Arrhenius equation, which indicated the adsorption of nickel on this filter material had some characteristics of chemical reaction. The adsorption isotherm of nickel accorded with Langmuir model.

Published
2009

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