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Sepsis is a serious bacterial infection. The main treatment is using antibiotics. However, the rate of antibiotic resistance is very high and this resistance is related to the outcome of treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance of some isolated bacteria in sepsis patients treated at Hue Central Hospital; to evaluate the relationship of antibiotic resistance to the treatment results in patients with sepsis. Subjects and methods: prospective study of 60 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the criteria of the 3rd International Consensus-Sepsis 3 and its susceptibility patterns from April 2017 to August 2018. Results and Conclusions: The current agents of sepsis are mainly S. suis, Burkhoderiae spp. and E. coli. E. coli is resistant to cephalosporins 3rd, 4th generation and quinolone group is over 75%; resistance to imipenem 11.1%; the ESBL rate is 60%. S. suis resistant to ampicilline 11.1%; no resistance has been recorded to ceftriaxone and vancomycine. Resistance of Burkholderiae spp. to cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 42.9% and 55.6%, resistant to imipenem and meropenem is 20%, resistance to ceftazidime was not recorded. The deaths were mostly dued to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The mortality for patients infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are higher than for sensitive groups. Key words: Sepsis, bacterial infection, antibiotics

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most popular viral infectious disease nowadays. The DF outbreak in 2013 have many patients with severe clinical manifestations, complications and difficult prognosis. Aims: "Survey clinical characteristics and some of serve prognostic factors in adults dengue fever”. Patients and methode: All patients over 15 years old were diagnosed dengue fever hospitalized Hue Central Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. Retrospective study. Results: Among 1305 patients, male 48.0%, females 52.0%. Averages age 27.7 ± 11.8 (age). The highest age: 84 years old, lowest: 15 years old. The age group of 15-30 accounted for the highest percentage (70.9%). Patients over 40 years old accounted for 14,2% rate. Dengue fever is the most popular (76.6%). There are 5.6% patients were grouped Serve dengue. Dengue fever with warning signs (22.4%) in women higher than in male (12.5%) (p < 0.001). Platelets small than 50 G/L; ages over 40 years old and HCT over 50 percentage is the risk of serve dengue fever statistical significance (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The ratio male: female is equal. Patients over 40 years old have tendency to increase.The risk factors of Serve Dengue are Increasing HCT more than 50 percentage; ages over 40 year olds and platelets small than 50 G/L. Key words: dengue fever, hue Central Hospital

The author presents a case with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 6, treated with triple regime: Peg-IFN combined to ribavirin and sofosbuvir. After 3 months of therapy and 3 months follow up, patient has good clinical and virological response (SVR 12). Some results of similar studies in Vietnam and abroad, especially the studies concerning the new agents DAAs were also presented, analysed and compared with author’s results. Key words: Hepatitis C, treatment, Peg-IFN, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

Background: The HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B is the type of chronic hepatitis with active virus replication, has high viral load and difficult to treat. We evaluate the effects of treatment with tenofovir in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Aims: Evaluate the treatment results in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Patients and methodes: HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients over 15 yrs treated at Hue University Hospital from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013. Results: Most of symptoms disappeared after 12 months. More than 85% patients have biochemical response. 81.8% patients have undetectable HBV DNA. Rate of HBV DNA decrease according to the baseline viral load. After 12 months 27.3% patients loss HBeAg and 20.5% have anti-HBe. Conclusions: Clinical and biochemical response were relatively high. 81.8% patients have undetectable HBV DNA. After 12 months 27.3% patients loss HBeAg and 20.5% have anti-HBe. Key words: HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, HBV DNA

Objectives: Bacterial meningitis is a very severe infectious disease in Vietnam. Studies about bacterial meningitis in our country in the last 10 years show that the most isolated causing bacteria is Streptococcus suis. Materials and methods: Prospective study. All the patients over 15 years old with diagnosis bacterial meningitis due to S. suis treated in Hue Central Hospital from May, 2011 to April, 2012 were recruited in this study. Results: 40 patients were enrolled in this study (male: 82.5%, female: 17.5%). Mean age 46.5 ± 17.72. 45% of patients had contact to pig or used pigs products. Related diseases: ENT diseases (25%), cranial trauma (5%), diabetes (7.5%), ect. The majority of patients have headache (97.5%), vomiting (85%), Kernig’s sign (72.5%), Brudzinsky’s sign (52.5%). 45% of patients have CRP 100 - 200 mg/L. 55% of patients have over 1000 cells/mm3 CSF, 47.5% of patients have CSF protein 3.0 ­– 5.0 g/L. In the result: 100% patients recovered, 40% had complications. Deefness was the most founded complication (37.5%). Conclusions: 45% of patients had contact to pig or used pigs products. The majority of patients have headache (97.5%), vomiting (85%), Kernig’s sign (72.5%), Brudzinsky’s sign (52.5%). Deefness was the most founded complication (37.5%). Key words: Meningitis, Streptococcus suis

Objectives: Man who have sex with man (MSM) group is a high risk group of HIV infection. There are very rare studies about HIV infection in this group. Aims: Study knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward HIV prevention in MSM in Khanh Hoa province in 2010. Methods: A cross-sectional study among MSM over 16 years aged living in Khanh Hoa in which data were collected from June 2010 to June 2011. Results: Knowledge: Most of MSM have good knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission in which 47.5% have right answers to 14-15 questions about HIV prevention. Attitudes: 98.5% MSM are ready to do voluntary tests for HIV. 61.5% MSM did not discuss to male partners about HIV or STDs. Practices: 99.1% have used condom but 67.5% did not use condoms in the last contact with female partners. Only 19.6% MSM have received consultations about HIV. Conclusions: Most of MSM have good knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission. 98.5% MSM are ready to do voluntary tests for HIV. 99.1% have used condom. Only 19.6% MSM have received consultations about HIV.

Objectives: Cholera is an emergent infection due to Vibrio cholerae. Studying clinical and biochemical characteristics of cholera helps doctors in diagnosis, treatment, following up and prognosis. Aims: 1. To determine some clinical and biochemical characteristics of cholera patients in 2010 epidemics in Ben Tre province. 2. To evaluate the relation of leucocytosis to diarrheal duration. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed as cholera treated in Nguyen Dinh Chieu Hospital and Cu Lao Minh Hospital, Ben Tre province, since May 2010 to September 2010. Results: 54 patients were enrolled in this study (males 16, females 38). All patients had Ogawa positive. More than 60% pts stayed in hospitals over 96 hours. Most of pts had diarrheal duration over 48 hours, 44.5% more than 72 hours. 20.3% pts had water loss in level 3. 50% pts had leucocytosis, in them 16.7% had over 15.109/L. 18,5% had acute renal failure. Group with leucocytosis had higher rate of diarrhoea over 72 hours than group without leucocytosis (77.7% vs. 36%). Conclusions: 1. Most of pts had long diarrheal duration. 20.3% pts had water loss in level 3. 50% pts had leucocytosis, in them 16.7% had over 15.109/L. 18,5% had acute renal failure. 2. Leucocytosis may be related to the diarrheal duration.

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

Man who have sex with man (MSM) group is a high risk group of HIV infection. There are very rare studies about HIV infection in this group. Objectives: 1. Determine the rate of HIV infection in MSM in Khanh Hoa province 2010. 2. Study some characteristics of MSM in Khanh Hoa province. Materials and Methods: MSM over 16 yrs. live in Khanh Hoa. Cross-sectional study from June 2010 to June 2011. Results: 1. HIV infection in MSM group in Khanh Hoa 2010: 1.3% (rural 0.6%, urban: 3.7%). Marriaged: 3.9%, single: 0.8%; MSM have sex only with men: 0.3%, MSM have sex with men and women: 3.7%. 2. 83.3% of MSM are single (urban more common than rural). The first sex partner: male 82.2%, female 14.9%. Having sex for pay: urban 29.9%, rural 19.3%. Having sex for enjoying: urban 49.5%, rural 71.8%. Conclusions: HIV infection in MSM group in Khanh Hoa 2010: 1.3% (rural 0.6%, urban: 3.7%). Marriaged: 3.9%, single: 0.8%. 83.3% of MSM are single (urban more common than rural). Having sex for enjoying: urban 49.5%, rural 71.8%.

Nowadays there are 10 genotypes of HBV were be detected. In the last years, some studies about molecular biology of HBV showed the important significances of HBV genotypes in natural history, prognosis and response to therapy of chronic hepatitis B. The results of studies concluded, HBV genotypes may be relate to acute or chronic progress of liver inflammation, fulminant hepatitis, recovery or chronicity ect. HBV genotypes could be relate to biochemical or hematological changes, for example: transaminases. Related to HBeAg seroconversion. For example, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion in genotypes C and D patients are lower than the rate in genotypes A and B patients. HBV genotypes have also influences to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. They may be the prognostic markers of response to antiviral therapy (interferon, lamivudine ect.) in patients with CHB.

Objective: Sepsis is a very important infection. Studying the antibiotic resistance helps doctors to make the right choice for treatment of infections and reduce mortality. Materials and methods: 60 patients diagnosed as sepsis treated at Hue Central hospital, since Jan 2009 to June 2010. Retrospective study. Results: The most isolated agents are E. coli (40% patients), K. pneumoniae (16.7%) and Streptococcus suis (18.3%). Most of agents sensitive to ceftriaxon, ciprofloxacin và gentamicin. 100% sensitive to imipenem. All agents, except S. suis, are resistant to ampicillin. Agents resistant to ceftriaxon, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin have very high mortality (E. coli: 87.5% vs. 43.7%. S. suis : 66.7% vs. 25%). Conclusions: The most isolated agents are E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. suis. Most of agents sensitive to ceftriaxon, ciprofloxacin và gentamicin. All agents, except S. suis, are resistant to ampicillin. Agents resistant to ceftriaxon, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin have very high mortality.

Aims: To measure the prevalence of HBV genotypes in chronic hepatitis B patients and their relation to HBeAg and HBV DNA level. Methods: 81 patients were enrolled in this study from January 2009 to December 2010. Clinical, laboratory data were collected during the patient’s hospitalization. Sera were quantitatively tested for HBeAg and HBV DNA. HBV genotyping was made by real-time PCR. Results: Among the 81 patients, 60.5% had genotype B, 26.7% had genotype C and 8.6% had mixed genotype B-C. Prevalence of symptoms (fatigue, anorexia, insomnia...) was higher in genotype C than in genotype B. Genotype C patients had positivity higher HBeAg than genotype B patients (56% vs. 38,8%, p 107 copies/mL was higher in genotype C group than in genotype B group (36% vs. 28,6%, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Most of the patients had genotypes B or C. Patients with genotype C had positive HBeAg and may be related to higher serological HBV DNA level than in genotype B.

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